George von Lengerke Meyer

George Meyer
George Meyer
40th United States Secretary of the Navy
	In office; March 6, 1909 – March 4, 1913
President	William Howard Taft
Preceded by	Truman Handy Newberry
Succeeded by	Josephus Daniels
43rd United States Postmaster General
	In office; January 15, 1907 – March 4, 1909
President	Theodore Roosevelt
Preceded by	George B. Cortelyou
Succeeded by	Frank Harris Hitchcock
United States Ambassador to Russia
	In office; April 12, 1905 – January 26, 1907
President	Theodore Roosevelt
Preceded by	Robert Sanderson McCormick
Succeeded by	John W. Riddle
United States Ambassador to Italy
	In office; February 4, 1901 – April 1, 1905
President	William McKinley; Theodore Roosevelt
Preceded by	William Draper
Succeeded by	Henry White
Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
	In office; 1894–1896
Preceded by	William Emerson Barrett
Succeeded by	John L. Bates
Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
	In office; 1892–1894
Member of the Boston Board of Aldermen
	In office; 1891
Member of the Boston Common Council
	In office; 1889–1891
Personal details
Born	George von Lengerke Meyer; June 24, 1858; Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died	March 9, 1918 (aged 59); Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Political party	Republican
Education	Harvard University (BA)
Signature

George von Lengerke Meyer (June 24, 1858 – March 9, 1918) was a Massachusetts businessman and politician who served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, as United States ambassador to Italy and Russia, as United States Postmaster General from 1907 to 1909 during the administration of President Theodore Roosevelt and United States Secretary of the Navy from 1909 to 1913 during the administration of President William Howard Taft.

Biography

Meyer was a native of Boston, reared in a patrician society.^[1] His paternal grandfather, George Augustus Meyer (also the name of von Lengerke Meyer's father), had emigrated from Germany to New York City.^[2] Meyer graduated from Harvard in 1879, and for twenty years was in business as a merchant and trustee.^[3] In 1885, he married Marian Alice Appleton.^[2] He was a director of various trust companies, banks, manufacturing companies, and public utilities concerns.^[4] While managing his business affairs, he also held positions in state and local government, his public service beginning with his election as a member of the Boston Common Council, on which he represented ward 9 in 1889 and 1890. Later he served on the Boston Board of Aldermen in 1891.^[3]^[5]^[6] He then joined the Massachusetts Legislature, where for some time he served as speaker of the house.^[3]^[5] In 1898 he was appointed by Governor Wolcott as chairman of the Massachusetts Paris Exposition managers.^[5]

He was a conservative Republican, and in 1899 was appointed a national committeeman.^[2] Republican Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt appointed Meyer to ambassadorships in Italy (1900–1905) and Russia (1905–1907). His patrician roots facilitated his interactions with the nobility of Europe, then in control of the continent. Roosevelt often used him to deliver messages to Kaiser Wilhelm II in preference to the official ambassador, Charlemagne Tower.^[1] As ambassador to Russia, he presented Roosevelt's proposals with regard to the Russo-Japanese War directly to the Czar.^[2] Meyer also served as Roosevelt's Postmaster General, from 1907 to 1909, where he directed the introduction of the first stamp vending machines of the country and the first coil stamps.^[7]

Upon taking office in March 1909, President Taft appointed Meyer to the position of Secretary of the Navy, a post which Meyer held throughout Taft's term. During this period, the Navy made its first experiments with aviation, although Meyer initially opposed the project.^{[citation needed]} In separate tests in 1910 and 1911, civilian pilot Eugene Ely proved the feasibility of carrier-based aviation, by taking off from and landing on a Navy warship.

After 1911, Meyer was an overseer of Harvard University.^[4] He retired from national politics and returned to Massachusetts after Taft left office in 1913. He joined the effort to reelect Theodore Roosevelt in 1916.^[1] The foremost critic of Woodrow Wilson's naval policies,^[1] on the outbreak of World War I he urged preparedness and criticised America's naval administration. He was actively associated with the National Security League and the Navy League. Among the organizations for which he was a director were the Amoskeag Manufacturing Co., Old Colony Trust Co., Puget Sound Light & Power Co., Walter Baker Co., and Ames Plow Co.^[5]

In December 1916 Meyer, Roosevelt and other philanthropists including Scottish-born industrialist John C. Moffat, William A. Chanler, Joseph Choate, Clarence Mackay, John Grier Hibben, and Nicholas Murray Butler purchased the Château de Chavaniac, birthplace of the Marquis de Lafayette in Auvergne to serve as a headquarters for the French Heroes Lafayette Memorial Fund,^[8] which was managed by Chanler's ex-wife Beatrice Ashley Chanler.^[9]^[10]

He died in Boston on March 9, 1918.

Legacy

The Navy destroyer USS Meyer (DD-279), named in his honor, was commissioned December 17, 1919 and was in service until May 15, 1929.

George von Lengerke Meyer was a brother in the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Alpha chapter).

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Wayne A. Wiegand (1999). "Meyer, George von Lengerke". American National Biography (online ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0600433. (subscription required)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Paul H. Buck (1933). "Meyer, George von Langerke". Dictionary of American Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
^ ^a ^b ^c Reynolds, Francis J., ed. (1921). "Meyer, George von Lengerke" . Collier's New Encyclopedia. New York: P. F. Collier & Son Company.
^ ^a ^b This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Meyer, George von Lengerke" . Encyclopedia Americana.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Meyer, George von Lengerke". Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
^ "A Catalogue of the City Councils of Boston, 1822-1908, Roxbury, 1846-1867, Charlestown, 1847-1873 and of the Selectmen of Boston, 1634-1822: Also of Various Other Town and Municipal Officers". City of Boston Printing Department. 1909. p. 149. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
^ Lawrence, Ken (June 2008). "Celebrate the centennial of U.S. coil stamps". Scott Stamp Monthly. 26 (6): 18–24.
^ "Americans buy Lafayette's Home," The Sacred Heart Review, Volume 57, Number 4, 6 January 1917, p. 3.
^ Albert Bushnell Hart, Harper's Pictorial Library of the World War, Volume 7, Harper, 1920; p. 110.
^ "Americans Aid War Refugees in Paris Mrs. William Astor Chanler Tells of Work Done Through Lafayette Fund;" The Philadelphia Inquirer; 8-04-1918; Vol. 179, Issue: 35; p. 11, Philadelphia, PA.

References

M. A. DeWolfe Howe (1919). George von Lengerke Meyer: his life and public services. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co.
Boston Transcript, March 11, 1918
Wayne A. Wiegand (1988). Patrician in the Progressive Era: A Biography of George von Lengerke Meyer.
Who's who in State Politics, 1912 Practical Politics (1912) p. 9.

External links

"George von Lengerke Meyer". Find a Grave. Retrieved 2009-05-20.

Massachusetts House of Representatives
Preceded by William Emerson Barrett	Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives 1894 — 1896	Succeeded by John L. Bates
Political offices
Preceded by George B. Cortelyou	United States Postmaster General Served under: Theodore Roosevelt January 15, 1907 – March 4, 1909	Succeeded by Frank H. Hitchcock
Government offices
Preceded by Truman H. Newberry	United States Secretary of the Navy March 6, 1909 – March 4, 1913	Succeeded by Josephus Daniels
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by William F. Draper	United States Ambassador to Italy 1901–1905	Succeeded by Henry White
Preceded by Robert S. McCormick	United States Ambassador to Russia 1905–1907	Succeeded by John W. Riddle