He was born in Rivière-du-Loup, Lower Canada in 1823 and studied at the Séminaire de Nicolet. Caron established himself in business as a merchant at Saint-Léon. He served as a lieutenant-colonel in the local militia and as a justice of the peace. He was elected to represent Maskinongé in an 1858 by-election held after the death of Louis-Honoré Gauvreau and reelected in 1861 but then defeated in the 1863 general election. He was elected again following Confederation and then ran unsuccessfully for the same seat in the House of Commons in the three general elections that followed.
He died in Saint-Léon in 1902.
His son Hector served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.
