Geometric modeling kernel
3D modeling software component
A geometric modeling kernel is a solid modeling software component used in computer-aided design (CAD) packages.[ 1] [ 2] Available modelling kernels include:
Kernel market
The kernel market currently is dominated by Parasolid and ACIS , which were introduced in the late 1980s. The latest kernel to enter the market is KCM . ShapeManager has no presence in the kernel licensing market and in 2001 Autodesk clearly stated they were not going into this business.[citation needed ]
The world's newest geometric modeling kernel is Russian Geometric Kernel owned by the Russian government, and it is not clear if it is going to be commercially available, despite offering unique features over the other kernels on the market.[ 20] [ 21] [ 22] [ 23]
Kernel developers
The table below contains a representative list of developers developing their own kernel or licensing the kernel from a third-party.[ 24]
Platforms
Domain
Kernel
Application
Developed by
Country
Windows
CAD , AEC
Open CASCADE
4MCAD IntelliCAD
4M S.A.
Greece
Windows
MCAD
ACIS / KCM
KeyCreator
Kubotek Kosmos
United States
Windows
MCAD
C3D
KOMPAS-3D
ASCON Group
Russia
Windows
AEC
C3D
KOMPAS-Builder
ASCON Group
Russia
Windows
CAD
C3D + K3 kernel
K3-Furniture
Center GeoS
Russia
Windows
AEC
C3D
Renga Architecture [ 25] [ 26]
ASCON Group
Russia
iPad , Windows
MCAD
Parasolid
Shapr3D
Shapr3D zrt.
Hungary
Android
MCAD
C3D
KOMPAS:24
ASCON Group
Russia
Windows
CAD
C3D Modeler for Teigha Platform / ACIS
nanoCAD Plus
NanoSoft
Russia
Windows
MCAD
Parasolid
T-FLEX
Top Systems
Russia
Windows
MCAD
APM Engine
APM Studio
APM
Russia
Windows
CAM
C3D
TECHTRAN
NIP-Informatic
Russia
Windows
CAD
C3D
PASSAT
NTP Truboprovod Archived 2015-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
Russia
Windows , Mac
CAD , CAM
Own Kernel
Rhinoceros 3D
Robert McNeel and Associates
United States
Windows
CAD
C3D
ESPRIT Extra CAD
LO CNITI , Rubius
Russia
Windows
CAD
C3D
BAZIS System
BAZIS Center
Russia
Windows
CAE
Parasolid
Adams
MSC Software
United States
Windows
CAD , CAM , CAPP
switch from ACIS to C3D [ 27]
ADEM
ADEM Group
Russia
Windows
CAE
Parasolid
ADINA Modeler
ADINA R&D Inc.
United States
Windows
CAD , AEC , GIS
ShapeManager
AutoCAD
Autodesk
United States
Windows
MCAD
ShapeManager
Inventor
Autodesk
United States
Windows , Mac
Solid Modeler & Machiner
ShapeManager
Autodesk Fusion
Autodesk
United States
Windows , Linux , Mac
MCAD , AEC
ACIS
BricsCAD
Bricsys
Belgium
Windows , Mac
CAD , CAM , CAE
Parasolid
Siemens NX
Siemens Digital Industries Software
United States, Germany
Windows
MCAD
Parasolid
SolidFace
SolidFace
United States, Brazil
Windows
MCAD
Parasolid (previous versions used ACIS )
Solid Edge
Siemens Digital Industries Software
United States, Germany
Windows
MCAD
Parasolid
SolidWorks
Dassault Systèmes
United States, France
Windows
AEC
Parasolid (previous versions used ACIS )
MicroStation
Bentley Systems
United States
Windows , Unix
CAD , CAM , CAE , AEC
Convergence Geometric Modeler
CATIA
Dassault Systèmes
France
Windows
Solid Modeler
GRANITE [ 28]
Creo Elements
Parametric Technology Corporation
United States
Windows
CAD
GRANITE [ 28]
Creo Parametric
Parametric Technology Corporation
United States
SaaS
Solid Modeler
Parasolid ,[ 29] FeatureScript
Onshape
Onshape
United States
Windows , SaaS
Solid Modeler
Parasolid & ACIS
IRONCAD
IRONCAD
United States
Windows
CAD
ACIS
GstarCAD
Suzhou Gstarsoft Co., Ltd
China
Windows , Mac
AEC , BIM
Own Kernel
ArchiCAD
Graphisoft
Hungary
Windows , Linux , Mac
MCAD , AEC
ACIS
ZW3D
ZWSoft
China
Windows
MCAD
ACIS
Cimatron
3D Systems (Cimatron Ltd.)
Israel
Windows
MCAD
ACIS [ 30]
SpaceClaim
ANSYS Inc
United States
Windows
MCAD
European Solid Modeller ESM [ 31]
HiCAD
ISD Group
German
Mac, Windows
MCAD
ACIS [ 30]
Cobalt , Xenon, Argon
Ashlar
United States
Windows , Linux
CAD Optimization
Own Kernel[ 32]
CAESES
Friendship Systems
Germany
Windows , macOS , Linux ,
CAD
Open Cascade , Coin3D ,
FreeCAD
FreeCAD
Windows , macOS , Linux , iOS , Android
CAD , AEC , BIM
Geometry Kernel
IFCEngine , STEPEngine
RDF
Bulgaria
Windows
CAD , AEC
Overdrive
ZW3D , ZWCAD
ZWSoft
China
Windows
CAD , Reverse Engineering
ACIS
Zeiss Reverse Engineering
ZEISS Industrial Metrology
Germany
Windows , macOS , Linux
MCAD
Parasolid
Plasticity
Plastic Software, LLC
United States
References
^ Tyrka, Katherine (2001-12-01). "Kernel strategies" . Design News. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2006-12-28 .
^ Shah, Jami (2004-06-27). Parametric and Feature-Based CAD/CAM . John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 449. ISBN 0-471-00214-3 .
^ SMLib
^ Yares, Evan. "Spatial, ACIS, CGM, and the future of geometric modelers" . 3D CAD World. Retrieved 18 May 2013 .
^ "Autodesk - Produktivität, Performance und Präzision: Neue Version der Autodesk Inventor-Familie" . www.autodesk.de . Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2022 .
^ "GRANITE Interoperability Kernel FAQ" . PTC Inc. Retrieved 18 May 2013 .
^ Levin, David. "Geometric Kernels and Irremovability of Presidents from Office" . LEDAS Ltd. Retrieved April 15, 2013 .
^ Yares, Evan (April 2013). "Russian CAD" . Design World . 8 (4). WTWH Media, LLC. ISSN 1941-7217 . Archived from the original on 2015-01-30. Retrieved 2015-01-30 .
^ "Geometros Solid Geometry Engine for C++, C#, Objective-C, Java - sgCore" . www.geometros.com . Retrieved 2019-10-02 .
^ "About the developer" . Innovation and research center "GeoS". Retrieved 9 August 2016 .
^ "SOLIDS++" . IntegrityWare, Inc. Retrieved 17 August 2016 .
^ "APM Studio" . Research and Software Development Centre APM. Retrieved 18 August 2016 .
^ "Геометрическое ядро APM Engine" . sapr. Retrieved 18 August 2016 .
^ "На ядре" . isicad. Retrieved 18 August 2016 .
^ "3D Software Development with Kubotek Kosmos" . Kubotek Kosmos. Retrieved 26 May 2023 .
^ "Kubotek Kosmos Announces the 5.0 Release of its 3D Framework Modeling Kernel" . EIN Presswire. Retrieved 13 April 2023 .
^ "The IRIT modeling environment - Home Page" . www.cs.technion.ac.il . Retrieved 2019-10-02 .
^ "GTS - The GNU Triangulated Surface Library" . gts.sourceforge.net . Retrieved 2019-10-02 .
^ "Geometry Kernel Library Packages" . www.rdf.bg . RDF.
^ "Russian 3D-kernel RGK: Functionality, Advantages, and Integration" . Isicad.net . 2013-05-24. Retrieved 2016-07-27 .
^ "Does the CAD world need another geometry kernel?" . gfxspeak.com . 2013-06-06. Retrieved 2016-08-17 .
^ "Features of RGK" . RGK. Retrieved 15 August 2016 .
^ "Вопрос распараллеливания в разработке ядра геометрического моделирования" (PDF) . Singularis Lab. Retrieved 15 August 2016 .[permanent dead link ]
^ Ushakov, Dmitry. "Russian National 3D Kernel" . LEDAS Ltd. Retrieved April 3, 2012 .
^ "Renga Architecture" . ASCON Group. 2015-03-17.
^ "Renga Architecture is brand-new AEC software by an MCAD vendor" . WorldCAD Access. 2015-03-13.
^ "Геометрическое ядро C3D станет частью российской CAM-системы ADEM" . c3dlabs.com. December 20, 2021.
^ a b "Creo GRANITE Interoperability Kernel" .
^ "How Does Onshape Really Work?" .
^ a b "SpaceClaim General FAQ" .
^ "Software für 2D-/3D-CAD und PDM | HiCAD und HELiOS" .
^ "CAESES Software › CAESES" .