1856; 169 years ago (1856) (as Minneapolis Milling Company) 1877; 148 years ago (1877) (as Washburn-Crosby Company) 1928; 97 years ago (1928) (as General Mills) Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
The company can trace its history to the Minneapolis Milling Company, incorporated in 1856.[4] The company was founded by Illinois Congressman Robert Smith, who leased power rights to flour mills operating along the west side of Saint Anthony Falls on the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Cadwallader C. Washburn acquired the company shortly after its founding and hired his brother William D. Washburn to assist in the company's development. In 1866 the Washburns got into the business themselves, building the Washburn "B" Mill at the falls. At the time, the building was considered to be so large and output so vast that it could not possibly sustain itself. However, the company succeeded, and in 1874 he built the even bigger Washburn "A" Mill.
In 1877, the mill entered a partnership with John Crosby to form the Washburn-Crosby Company, producing winter wheat flour. That same year Washburn sent William Hood Dunwoody to England to open the market for spring wheat.[5] Dunwoody was successful and became a silent partner.
In 1878, the "A" mill was destroyed in a flour dust explosion along with five nearby buildings, an event known as the Great Mill Disaster. The ensuing fire led to the death of 18 workers.[6] Construction of a new mill began immediately. Not only was the new mill safer but it also was able to produce a higher quality flour after the old grinding stones were replaced with automatic steel rollers, the first ever used.
In 1880, Washburn-Crosby flour brands won gold, silver and bronze medals at the Millers' International Exhibition in Cincinnati, causing them to launch the Gold Medal flour brand.[7]
In 1924, the company acquired a failing Twin Cities radio station, WLAG, renaming it WCCO (from Washburn-Crosby Company).
Founding as General Mills
General Mills itself was created on June 20, 1928,[8] when Washburn-Crosby President James Ford Bell merged Washburn-Crosby with three other mills.[9] In the same year, General Mills acquired the Wichita Mill and Elevator Company of the industrialist Frank Kell of Wichita Falls, Texas. With the sale, Kell acquired cash plus stock in the corporation.[10]
Shares of the new company's stock were first sold on the New York Stock Exchange on November 30, 1928, at $65 per share. The newly merged company paid a dividend in 1928 and has continued the dividend uninterrupted ever since – one of only a few companies to pay a dividend every year since its founding.[8]
Engineering milestones
In the 1930s, General Mills engineer, Thomas R. James, created the puffing gun, which inflated or distorted cereal pieces into puffed-up shapes. This new technology was used in 1937 to create Kix cereal and in 1941 to create Cheerioats (known today as Cheerios).
In 1939, General Mills engineer Helmer Anderson created the Anderson sealer. This new device allowed for bags of flour to be sealed with glue instead of just being tied with a string.
In 1956, General Mills created the tear-strip for easily opening packages.
Aeronautical Research Division and Electronics Division
In 1956, hundreds of General Mills balloons carrying reconnaissance equipment were launched by the United States government under Project Genetrix to surveil Eastern bloc countries, in particular their nuclear capabilities.[12][13]
The aeronautical work of General Mills done around the time of the Second World War was continued by Raven Industries.[14]
The General Mills Electronics division developed the DSV Alvin submersible, which is notable for being used in investigating the wreck of Titanic among other deep-sea exploration missions.[15]
Merchandising and television
Beginning in 1929, General Mills products contained box top coupons, known as Betty Crocker coupons, with varying point values, which were redeemable for discounts on a variety of housewares products featured in the widely distributed Betty Crocker catalog. The coupons and the catalog were discontinued by the company in 2006.
General Mills became the sponsor of the popular radio show The Lone Ranger in 1941. The show was then brought to television, and, after 20 years, their sponsorship came to an end in 1961.
The first venture General Mills took into the toy industry was in 1965. The company bought Rainbow Crafts, which was the manufacturer of Play-Doh. General Mills's purchase of the company was significant because it brought production costs down and tripled the revenue.
In 1967, General Mills bought the Kenner toy company.
General Mills came out with their "monster cereals" in the 1970s. The cereals are now produced and sold seasonally around Halloween.[17]
In 1970, General Mills acquired a five-unit restaurant company called Red Lobster and expanded it nationwide. Soon, a division of General Mills titled General Mills Restaurants developed to take charge of the Red Lobster chain. In 1980, General Mills acquired the California-based Good Earth health food restaurant chain.[18] The company eventually converted the restaurants into other chain restaurants they were operating, such as Red Lobster.[19][20] In 1982, General Mills Restaurants founded a new Italian-themed restaurant chain called Olive Garden. Another themed restaurant, China Coast, was added before the entire group was spun off to General Mills shareholders in 1995 as Darden Restaurants.
During the same decade, General Mills ventured further, starting the General Mills Specialty Retail Group. They acquired two clothing and apparel companies, Talbots and Eddie Bauer. The acquisition was short-lived. Talbots was purchased by a Japanese company, then known as JUSCO, and the Spiegel company purchased Bauer. Spiegel later declared bankruptcy, yet Bauer still remains, albeit in a smaller presence in the United States today.
From 1976 to 1985, General Mills went to court as the parent company of Parker Brothers, which held the rights on the brand name and gaming idea of the board game Monopoly, claiming that the so-called Anti-Monopoly game of an economics professor infringed their trademark. The dispute extended up to the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled against them, saying that while they have exclusive rights to the game Monopoly, they cannot prevent others from using the word "monopoly" in the name of a game.
In 1985, General Mills's toy division was separated from its parent as Kenner Parker Toys, Inc. There were many potential acquirers of the business but it was floated on the stock exchange with General Mills's shareholders getting equivalent shares in Kenner Parker. This was more tax efficient for General Mills.[21]
Recent history
In 1990, a joint venture with Nestlé S.A. called Cereal Partners was formed[22] which markets cereals (including many existing General Mills cereal brands) outside the US and Canada under the Nestlé name.
In 2001, the company purchased Pillsbury (sans Burger King) from Diageo, although it was officially described as a "merger".
Since 2004, General Mills has been producing more products targeted to the growing ranks of health-conscious consumers. The company has chosen to switch its entire breakfast cereal line to whole grain. The company also started manufacturing their child-targeted cereals with less sugar.[23][24] General Mills has reduced the level of sugar in all cereals advertised to children to 11 grams per serving.[25]
In April 2011, General Mills announced that it will switch all 1 million eggs it uses each year to cage-free.[26]
General Mills was ranked #181 on the 2012 Fortune 500 list of America's largest corporations,[27] 161 in 2015 and was the third-largest food consumer products company in the United States.[28] During June 2012, the company's vice-president for diversity stated that General Mills opposes a Minnesota amendment banning gay marriage, stating that the company values "inclusion".[29] The company received positive feedback for its stand which might attract people to its global workforce.[30]
The company announced in September 2014 that it would acquire organic food producer Annie's Inc. for a fee of around $820 million, as part of its strategy to expand in the US natural foods market.[31] In October 2014, General Mills announced plans to cut 700 to 800 jobs, mostly in U.S., in corporate restructuring planned to be completed by the end of 2015.[32]
In 2015, citing climate change, General Mills promised to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 28 percent over 10 years.[33][34] In December 2016, the company announced it would be restructuring, splitting into four business groups based on global region, and cutting as many as 600 jobs.[35]
In February 2018, the company entered into the pet products industry, paying $8 billion to buy Blue Buffalo Pet Products, Inc.[36] As of 2018, the company ranked 182nd on the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue.[37]
In February 2020, General Mills was recognized by CDP as a global leader in corporate sustainability and received a place on the CDP "A List" for both climate change and water security.[40]
On May 15, 2021, General Mills announced that it was acquiring Tyson Foods's pet treat business, including True Chews, Nudges and Top Chews, for $1.2 billion.[41] The acquisition was completed on July 7, 2021.[42]
In April 2022, there were increasing news reports and complaints that the company's Lucky Charms cereal was somehow making individuals ill, with the most common complaints being gastrointestinal in nature, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The episodes have not yet resulted in a company- or FDA-initiated recall; an FDA spokesperson said they were investigating approximately 100 reports. These reports came as norovirus was circulating in some areas of the U.S. It is relatively rare for cereals, as opposed to other foods, to be contaminated by microbes, because they must be baked, although it is possible if conditions are unsanitary.[43][44]
On May 12, 2022, General Mills announced that it was acquiring TNT Crust, a supplier of frozen pizza crusts, from Peak Rock Capital.[45]
On May 25, 2022, General Mills announced that it was selling its Hamburger Helper and Suddenly Salad businesses to Eagle Family Foods Group for $610 million. The sale was completed on July 5, 2022.[46]
On November 9, 2023, General Mills acquired a pet supplement business, Fera Pets, Inc.[47]
On September 12, 2024, General Mills announced that it would sell its North American yogurt division to Groupe Lactalis and Sodiaal. Lacatlis would buy the US brands while Sodiaal would by the Canadian brands which would be completed by 2025.[48]
It also produces organic foods, via Cascadian Farm, which they took over when they bought Small Planet Foods, and Muir Glen. More recently, as of 2014, it has purchased Annie's Homegrown.
Other brands
Other company brands include Annie's, Blue Buffalo, Frescarini, Latina, Tiki Pets,[54]Totino's, Jeno's, Progresso, Colombo and Lärabar. It also produces Häagen-Dazs ice cream outside of the U.S. and Canada. General Mills acquired the meat-based brand Epic Provisions in 2016.[55]
Discontinued brands
General Mills brands no longer manufactured include:
The company has been associated with social media campaigns and education of dieticians promoting the "anti-diet" movement. This activity has been connected with helping to promote some of its own foods, which are high in sugar content. [86]
Change to legal terms
In April 2014, the company announced that it had changed its legal terms on its website to introduce an arbitration clause requiring all disputes with General Mills to be resolved in small claims court or arbitration and not as a participant in a class action.[87][88] The change was made shortly after a judge's March 26, 2014, denial of a motion to dismiss a class action regarding the marketing of the company's Nature Valley brand products.[88] Users would be deemed to accept the terms by interacting with General Mills on its website in various ways, such as downloading coupons, subscribing to newsletters, or participating in Internet forums hosted on the website.[89][90]The New York Times stated that the agreement could be interpreted to additionally construe purchasing General Mills products at a grocery store or liking the company's Facebook page as assent to the terms;[87] General Mills disclaimed that interpretation, calling it a "mischaracterization".[90][91][92] The change in terms resulted in a massive backlash of protests via consumer groups and social media, and General Mills reverted the terms back to the original content after only a few days.[93]
^Burnett, Maurice G. (2012). Hexagon (KH-9) Mapping Camera Program and Evolution. United States of America: Center for the Study of National Reconnaissance. ISBN978-1-937219-08-6. The program, code name GENETRIX, called for light-weight plastic balloons carrying optical cameras and electronic equipment to be floated across the U.S.S.R. ... capable of remaining above 60,000 feet ... The cover story ... stated that the project was part of a worldwide meteorological survey. 512 vehicles were launched.
Budi Purnama Informasi pribadiLahir5 Januari 1963 (umur 61)Bandung, Jawa BaratKebangsaanIndonesiaAlma materAkademi Angkatan Laut (1988)Karier militerPihak IndonesiaDinas/cabang TNI Angkatan LautMasa dinas1988–2021Pangkat Mayor JenderalNRP9244/PSatuanKorps Marinir (Denjaka)Sunting kotak info • L • B Mayor Jenderal TNI Mar (Purn.) Budi Purnama, S.IP., M.Agr. (lahir 5 Januari 1963) seorang Purnawirawan TNI-AL yang sejak 28 Desember 2020 mengemban amanat sebagai Sta...
Gulat pada Pekan Olahraga Nasional 2016LokasiGOR Saparua, Kota BandungTanggal23–28 September 2016← 20122021 → Gulat pada Pekan Olahraga Nasional XIX akan dipertandingkan pada 23 sampai 28 september 2016[1] di GOR Saparua, Kompleks Olahraga Saparua, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat. Gulat akan terbagi menjadi dua disiplin, gaya bebas dan Gaya Grego-Romawi, kemudian dibagi lagi kedalam kelas pertandingan berdasarkan berat badan. Untuk putra akan dipertandingkan masing-ma...
JabajaSingel oleh AKB48BahasaJepangSisi-BPedal to Sharin to Kita Michi toPositionAi no MoakeHetawoutsuButtaoreru MadeTomodachi de ImashouKokkyo no Nai JidaiDirilis14 Maret 2018 (2018-03-14)FormatCDUnduhan digitalGenreJ-PopDurasi4:17LabelKing Records (Jepang)Genie Music, Stone Music Entertainment (Korea Selatan)Kronologi singel AKB48 11gatsu no Anklet (2017) Jabaja (2018) Teacher Teacher (2018) Video musikJabaja (MV Full) di YouTube Jabaja (ジャーバージャ) adalah singel ke-51 karya...
فورت جانسون الإحداثيات 42°57′30″N 74°14′10″W / 42.9583°N 74.2361°W / 42.9583; -74.2361 [1] تقسيم إداري البلد الولايات المتحدة[2] خصائص جغرافية المساحة 2.194134 كيلومتر مربع2.190298 كيلومتر مربع (1 أبريل 2010) ارتفاع 94 متر عدد السكان عدد السكان 401 (1 أبريل 2020)[3]...
This article is about the university in Colorado. For the university in Minnesota, see Metropolitan State University. Public university in Denver, Colorado, U.S. Metropolitan State University of DenverFormer namesMetropolitan State College (1965–1990) Metropolitan State College of Denver(1990–2012)MottoExcellence in Teaching and LearningTypePublic universityEstablished1965Academic affiliationsCUMUSpace-grant[1]EndowmentUS$19.5 million (FY2022)[2]PresidentJanine A. Davidson...
Singa Betina dari MarundaSutradaraRamelanProduserA. Sutrisno SudomoDitulis olehRamelanPemeranConnie SutedjaWD MochtarHadisjam TahaxMansjur SjahMang TopoWolly SutinahLaila SariDina DianaRd MochtarMpok AniBang MadiMang UdiMang DimanMang HarryMang DudungPenata musikAdidharmaSinematograferWagiminPenyuntingAlex A. HassanTanggal rilis1971Durasi... menitNegaraIndonesia Singa Betina dari Marunda adalah film Indonesia tahun 1971 yang disutradarai oleh Ramelan dan dibintangi antara lain oleh Conn...
Type of delivery service The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (December 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Package delivery from a UPS truck Package delivery or parcel delivery is the delivery of shipping containers, parcels, or high-value mail as single shipments. The service is provided by most postal systems, ex...
Research area dealing with trends in science and technology and related social developments Futures studies Concepts Accelerating change Cashless society Existential risk Future Earth Mathematics Race Climate Space exploration Universe Historical materialism Kondratiev cycle Kardashev scale Moore's law Peak oil Population cycle Resource depletion Singularity Swanson's law Techniques Backcasting Causal layered analysis Chain-linked model Consensus forecast Cross impact analysis Delphi Real-tim...
ميّز عن جيولوجيا. علوم الأرضصنف فرعي من العلوم الطبيعيةيمتهنه جيولوجيالموضوع دراسة كوكب الأرضالتاريخ تاريخ علوم الأرض تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات صورة الكرة الزرقاء الشهيرة التي تعتبر أول صورة لمنظر الأرض الكامل. التقطت الصورة في 7 ديسمبر 1972 بواسطة طاقم �...
Philippine Navy vessel BRP Juan Magluyan (PC 392), 20th boat of Jose Andrada-class patrol boat. Class overview BuildersTrinity-Equitable SY, New Orleans, USA & Atlantic Gulf & Pacific Co., Batangas, Philippines Operators Philippine Navy Built1989-2000 In commission1990-present Planned35[1] Completed22[1] Cancelled13[1] Active22[1] General characteristics TypePatrol Boat (WPB) Displacement56.4 tons full load Length78 ft 10 in (24.03 m...
1979 single by Joe JacksonSunday PapersSingle by Joe Jacksonfrom the album Look Sharp! B-sideLook Sharp!ReleasedFebruary 1979Recorded1978Genre New wave ska Length4:22LabelA&M - AMS 7413Songwriter(s)Joe JacksonProducer(s)David KershenbaumJoe Jackson singles chronology Is She Really Going Out with Him? (1978) Sunday Papers (1979) One More Time (1979) Sunday Papers is a song written and performed by British new wave musician Joe Jackson. It was released on his debut album, Look Sharp!. Writt...
Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando il santo venerato dalla Chiesa cattolica noto anche con questo nome, vedi San Geminiano. Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento Toscana è priva o carente di note e riferimenti bibliografici puntuali. Sebbene vi siano una bibliografia e/o dei collegamenti esterni, manca la contestualizzazione delle fonti con note a piè di pagina o altri riferimenti precisi che indichino puntualmente la provenienza delle informazioni. Puoi migliorare questa voce citand...
King of Aragon, Sicily, Naples, and Valencia (1452–1516) Ferdinand IICatholic King of the Spains[a]Portrait by Michael SittowKing of Aragon (more...) Reign20 January 1479 – 23 January 1516PredecessorJohn IISuccessorJoannaKing of Castile and León (jure uxoris)(as Ferdinand V) Reign15 January 1475 – 26 November 1504PredecessorIsabella ISuccessorJoannaAlongsideIsabella IBorn10 March 1452Sos, Kingdom of AragonDied23 January 1516 (aged 63)Madrigalejo, Extremadura, Crown of CastileBu...
BenedictArchbishop of MilanChurchCatholic ChurchAppointedc. 685Term ended732PredecessorMansuetusSuccessorTheodorus IISainthoodFeast day11 MarchVenerated inCatholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches Benedict (Latin: Benedictus, Italian: Benedetto) was Archbishop of Milan from c. 685–732. He is honoured as a saint in the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches. Life Benedict was archbishop of Milan from c. 685 until his death in March 732. Among the sparse information about his life, i...
Janji Mu Seperti FajarGenre Drama Roman Religi Skenario Alexis Leirissa Wulan P. Pranarka Cerita Alexis Leirissa Wulan P. Pranarka SutradaraMaruli AraPemeran Roger Danuarta Leony V. H. Gracia Indri Penggubah lagu temaNikitaLagu pembukaJanji-Mu Seperti Fajar oleh NikitaLagu penutupJanji-Mu Seperti Fajar oleh NikitaNegara asalIndonesiaBahasa asliBahasa IndonesiaJmlh. musim1Jmlh. episode21ProduksiProduser eksekutifElly Yanti NoorProduserLeo SutantoPengaturan kameraMulti-cameraRumah produksiSine...
L'omosessualità maschile è illegale nel paese a differenza di quella femminile.[1] Le persone LGBT non dispongono di alcuna tutele e le coppie formate da due persone dello stesso sesso non hanno alcun riconoscimento giuridico. Leggi sui reati I rapporti sessuali omosessuali maschili consensuali sono illegali a Tonga e possono essere puniti con una pena massima di 10 anni di reclusione. I colpevoli possono anche essere frustati come punizione se condannati.[2] Sezione 136. So...
Stade RichterGénéralitésAdresse Montpellier, Hérault FranceConstruction et ouvertureConstruction 1967Ouverture 1968Fermeture 1976Démolition 1990UtilisationClubs résidents Montpellier Hérault SCPropriétaire Ville de MontpellierÉquipementCapacité 25 000LocalisationCoordonnées 43° 36′ 08″ N, 3° 53′ 53″ ELocalisation sur la carte de FranceLocalisation sur la carte d’OccitanieLocalisation sur la carte du Languedoc-RoussillonLocalisatio...
Lake in Saskatchewan, Canada This article is about the lake. For the village, see Wakaw Lake, Saskatchewan. Wakaw LakeWakaw LakeLocation in SaskatchewanShow map of SaskatchewanWakaw LakeWakaw Lake (Canada)Show map of CanadaLocationRM of Hoodoo No. 401, near Wakaw, SaskatchewanCoordinates52°40′08″N 105°35′42″W / 52.6689°N 105.5951°W / 52.6689; -105.5951Primary outflowsCarrot RiverBasin countriesCanadaMax. length19 km (12 mi)Surface area1,158.1...