Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy

Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy
Other namesSubepithelial amyloidosis of the cornea
A completely opaque cornea with multiple drop-like nodular opacities. Some blood vessels are present in the opaque cornea
Apple green dichroism of subepithelial deposition of amyloid viewed under polarized light. Congo red stain.

Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy, also known as amyloid corneal dystrophy, is a rare form of corneal dystrophy. The disease was described by Nakaizumi as early as 1914.[1]

Presentation

The main pathological features in this dystrophy are mulberry-shaped gelatinous masses beneath the corneal epithelium. Patients suffer from photophobia, foreign body sensation in the cornea. The loss of vision is severe. The amyloid nodules have been found to contain lactoferrin, but the gene encoding lactoferrin is unaffected.[2]

This form of corneal amyloidosis appears to be more frequent in Japan.[3]

Genetics

A number of mutations causing this disease have been described in the M1S1 (TACSTD2) gene encoding Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2, but not all patients have these mutations, suggesting involvement of other genes.[2]

Diagnosis

Treatment

Recurrence within a few years occurs in all patients following corneal transplantation.[2] Soft contact lenses are effective in decreasing recurrences.[4]

References

  1. ^ Nakaizumi, K. : A rare case of corneal dystrophy. Acta. Soc. Ophthal. Jpn. 18: 949-950, 1914
  2. ^ a b c Klintworth GK (2009). "Corneal dystrophies". Orphanet J Rare Dis. 4 (1): 7. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-4-7. PMC 2695576. PMID 19236704.
  3. ^ Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): 204870
  4. ^ Maeno, Sayo; Soma, Takeshi; Tsujikawa, Motokazu; Shigeta, Ryujiro; Kawasaki, Ryo; Oie, Yoshinori; Koh, Shizuka; Maruyama, Kazuichi; Kawasaki, Satoshi; Maeda, Naoyuki; Nishida, Kohji (April 25, 2019). "Efficacy of therapeutic soft contact lens in the management of gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy". British Journal of Ophthalmology. 104 (2). BMJ: 241–246. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313809. ISSN 0007-1161.

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