Garland Independent School District

Garland Independent School District
Garland Independent School District Headquarters
Address
501 South Jupiter Drive
Garland
, Texas
United States
Coordinates32°55′33.9″N 96°38′19.7″W / 32.926083°N 96.638806°W / 32.926083; -96.638806
District information
TypePublic
GradesPre-K through 12
SuperintendentDr. Ricardo Lopéz [1]
Budget2008-2009
Students and staff
Students52,355[2]
Teachers3,773[2]
Staff3,334[2]
Athletic conferenceUIL 10-6A[3]
Other information
Websitewww.garlandisd.net

Garland Independent School District (GISD) is a public school district with its headquarters in the Harris Hill Administration Building in Garland, Texas, United States.[4] Garland ISD extends from the Dallas city limits, northeast to the county line and serves parts of the communities of Garland, Rowlett, and Sachse.[5] Small portions of Dallas and Wylie are served by Garland ISD.[6]

The district encompasses approximately 100 square miles (260 km2). With a student enrollment of 56,459 students,[2] GISD is currently the fourth largest school district in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex, and is thirteenth largest district in the state of Texas. Garland High School, the district's first high school, is more than one hundred years old.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.[7]

Choice of School Plan

Garland ISD implements a Freedom of Choice/Choice of School plan, which allows parents to choose which school his/her children want to attend within the district for the following school year.[8] The Choice of School plan is a desegregation plan resulting from the Civil Rights Act of 1964.[9] The plan stipulates that all schools must adhere to the ethnicity ratios established by the courts while not exceeding the student capacities of each individual campus. Most students choose to attend the school to which they would be assigned absent Free Choice; preference is given to students residing closest to the school facility. Garland ISD schools have defined "transportation areas" that provide school bus transportation to students who live two or more miles from the nearest available school.[10] Garland ISD has the only "free choice system" in the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex and in the United States of America.[citation needed]

The change in demographics, with GISD's student body becoming about 50% Hispanic and Latino by 2013, interfered with the ethnicity bands set in the 1980s.[11]

Statistics

In 2016 the attendance rate for students in the district was 96%, compared with a state average of 96%. 48% of the students in the district were economically disadvantaged, 10% enroll in special education, 7% enroll in gifted and talent programs, 22% are enrolled in career and technology programs, and 24% are considered "limited English proficient."[2]

In 2006 the ethnic makeup of the district was 40.7% Hispanic, 32.5% White, non-Hispanic, 18.7% African American, 7.6% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 0.5% Native American.[12] As of 2015 the district had over 2,000 students of Vietnamese heritage. GISD operates Spanish and Vietnamese bilingual programs, the latter only being available at grades PK-3 at 10 elementary schools and Parsons PreK.[13]

In 1997, over 50% of the students were non-Hispanic white.[14] In 2000 27% of the students were Hispanic or Latino, but this increased to 37% by 2005.[15] From 1997 to 2016 the number of non-Hispanic white students had declined by 65%.[14]

From 1997 to 2016 the number of students on free or reduced lunches, a way of classifying a student as low income, increased by 160%.[14]

In 2006 Teachers in the district carry, on average, 10 years of teaching experience and 12% of the teachers on staff are first-year teachers. 74% of the teachers hold bachelors, 24% hold master's, 1% hold doctorates, and less than 1% have no degree.[2]

60% of students in the district took SAT/ACT standardized examinations with an average score of 1009 and 20, respectively. 23% of students took an AP and/or IB examination.[2]

Facilities

Secondary schools

High schools

5 in Garland, 1 in Rowlett, 1 in Sachse

Other

  • Garland ISD Evening School (on the campus of Garland High School, Garland)
  • Gilbreath-Reed Career Technical Center (Garland) (opened 2017)

Middle schools

9 in Garland, 2 in Rowlett, 1 in Sachse

  • Austin Academy for Excellence (Garland)
  • Bussey Middle School (Garland)
  • Classical Center at Brandenburg Middle School (Garland) (opened 1972)
    • 2009 National Blue Ribbon School
  • Coyle Middle School (Rowlett) (opened 1973)
  • Sam Houston Middle School (Garland)
  • Hudson Middle School (Sachse) (opened 1992)
  • Jackson Technology Center (Garland)
  • Lyles Middle School (Garland)
  • O'Banion Middle School (Garland)
  • Schrade Middle School (Rowlett)
  • Sellers Middle School (Garland)
  • Webb Middle School (Garland)

Primary schools

Ethridge Elementary School

36 in Garland, 9 in Rowlett, 2 in Sachse

  • Luke & Betty Abbett Elementary School (Garland) (opened 1989)
  • Armstrong Elementary School (Sachse) (opened August 19, 2002)
  • James M. Back Elementary School (Rowlett)
  • Beaver Technology Center (Garland)(opened in 1960, became a magnet in 1997)
  • Bradfield Elementary School (Garland)
  • Bullock Elementary School (Garland) (opened 1962)
  • Randolph Caldwell Elementary School (Garland) (opened 1955)
  • George Washington Carver Elementary School (Garland) (opened 2007)
  • Centerville Elementary School (Garland)
  • Classical Center at Vial Elementary School (Garland) (opened 1974)
  • Club Hill Elementary School (Garland) (opened 1974)
  • Cooper Elementary School (Garland) (opened 1963)
  • Couch Elementary School (Garland)
  • Daugherty Elementary School (Garland)
    • The original capacity was 800, and for generations that was adequate for its enrollment. By 2006 it was overcrowded with 1,300 students.[15]
  • Davis Elementary School (Garland)
  • Dorsey Elementary School (Rowlett) (opened August 12, 1996)
  • Ethridge Elementary School (Garland)
  • Freeman Elementary School (Garland)
  • Joyce Giddens-Steadham Elementary School (Rowlett) (opened August 9, 1999)
  • Golden Meadows Elementary School (Garland)
  • Handley Elementary School (Garland) (opened 1964)
  • Heather Glen Elementary School (Garland)
  • Carl L. Herfurth Elementary School (Rowlett) (opened 1988)
  • Hickman Elementary School (Garland) (opened 1975)
  • Hillside Academy for Excellence (Garland)
    • 2016-17 National Blue Ribbon School[19]
  • Keeley Elementary School (Rowlett) (opened August 1991)
  • Kimberlin Academy for Excellence (Garland)
  • Liberty Grove Elementary School (Rowlett) (opened 2007)
  • Lister Elementary School (Garland)
  • Luna Elementary School (Garland)
  • Montclair Elementary School (Garland)
  • Northlake Elementary School (Garland)
  • Park Crest Elementary School (Garland)
  • Nita Pearson Elementary School (Rowlett) (opened 2004)
  • Routh Roach Elementary School (Garland)[21]
  • Rowlett Elementary School (Rowlett) (opened 1979)
  • Sewell Elementary School (Sachse) (opened 1992)
  • Shorehaven Elementary School (Garland)
  • Shugart Elementary School (Garland)
  • Southgate Elementary School (Garland)
  • Spring Creek Elementary School (Garland) (opened August 1981)
  • Stephens Elementary School (Rowlett) (opened August 15, 1994)
  • Toler Elementary School (Garland) (1976)
  • Walnut Glen Academy for Excellence (Garland) (opened 1988)
  • Watson Technology Center (Garland) (opened in 1956, became a magnet in 1997)
  • Weaver Elementary School (Garland)
  • Williams Elementary School (Garland)

Pre-Kindergarten schools

2 in Garland

  • Gloria Cisneros PreKindergarten School
  • Florence Parsons Prekindergarten School

Rentable facilities

Curtis Culwell Center is a $31.5 million multi-purpose rentable facility featuring an arena and a conference center. The complex was built by HKS, Inc. and funded by a bond election held in fall of 2002. Although the facility replaced Southern Methodist University's Moody Coliseum as Garland ISD's primary location to host the district's commencement exercises in May 2005, the 190,000-square-foot (18,000 m2) complex was formally completed in August 2005.[26]

The arena seats up to 7,500 for concerts, basketball/volleyball games, and graduation ceremonies. The conference center seats 400 guests in the 8,000 square feet (740 m2) ballroom for banquets and 140 guests in the tiered lecture hall.[27]

Former schools

  • George Washington Carver School - A segregated all African American school named after the African American scientist that was officially closed December 31, 1970, when Garland ISD desegregated.[28] The district opened an elementary school with the same name in 2007.[29][30]

Controversies / Incidents

Black History Month, 2016

On February 26, 2016 during a presentation at Coyle Middle School, students held up signs saying, “Black Lives Matter,” “I Can’t Breathe,” and “The Whole System Is Guilty.” In response, the Rowlett police chief Mike Broadnax said “Allowing this only promotes the discontent and hatred for police to continue. It’s a bad day.” In response, Coyle Middle School principal Michael Bland emailed school staff stating, "...If any of the political messages on the signs offended anyone, I apologize on behalf of the administration.".[31]

Curtis Culwell Center incident

There was a "contest to draw cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad" that resulted in an attack by two Muslim men who were shot dead by Garland Police.[32]

References

  1. ^ GISD Leadership Archived August 20, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 31 January 2016
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Texas Education Agency AEIS Report - Garland ISD. Retrieved on 15 December 2007
  3. ^ http://www.uiltexas.org/files/alignments/6A_BB-FBRvsd3-1.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  4. ^ "Contact Us Archived 2009-09-04 at the Wayback Machine." Garland Independent School District. Retrieved on January 8, 2010.
  5. ^ GISD Where is GISD? Archived 2008-02-12 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ "SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP (2010 CENSUS): Dallas County, TX" (PDF). 2010 U.S. Census. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved November 5, 2019.
  7. ^ "2009 Accountability Rating System". Texas Education Agency. Archived from the original on October 25, 2015.
  8. ^ Choice of School Archived 2008-02-08 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 24 January 2008.
  9. ^ Choice of School FAQ Archived 2008-01-19 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 24 January 2008.
  10. ^ Designated Transportation Areas Archived 2007-01-11 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 24 January 2008.
  11. ^ Leszcynski, Ray. "Garland ISD’s changing demographics test desegregation plan ." The Dallas Morning News. July 19, 2013. Retrieved on June 11, 2016.
  12. ^ "2006-07 District AEIS Report". Archived from the original on September 22, 2015. Retrieved July 31, 2015.
  13. ^ "Bilingual Cultural Heritage Program (BCHP) - Vietnamese." Garland Independent School District. April 10, 2015. Retrieved on June 9, 2016.
  14. ^ a b c Nicholson, Eric (May 3, 2016). "In Dallas, White Flight Never Ends". Dallas Observer. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
  15. ^ a b c Smith, Andrew D. (September 5, 2006). "Schools rising to meet needs: Influx of Hispanics driving construction in aging neighborhoods". Dallas Morning News.
  16. ^ a b c d "Blue Ribbon Schools Program" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 26, 2009. Retrieved February 9, 2010.. Retrieved on 2007-12-31.
  17. ^ "Austin Middle School of Rowlett TX". National Blue Ribbon Schools Program. June 30, 2000. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  18. ^ 2008 No Child Left Behind – Blue Ribbon Schools. Retrieved on 30 October 2008.
  19. ^ "NBRS Hillside Academy for Excellence School of Garland, TX". National Blue Ribbon Schools Program. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
  20. ^ "NBRS Kimberlin Academy for Excellence of Garland, TX". National Blue Ribbon Schools Program. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
  21. ^ "Standardized Dress in Garland ISD Elementary Schools 2008-2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2008.
  22. ^ a b "Blue Ribbon Schools Program" (PDF). www.ed.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 14, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2008.
  23. ^ "NBRS Routh Roach Elementary School of Garland, TX". National Blue Ribbon Schools Program. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
  24. ^ Nevins, Annette (December 16, 2007). "Garland magnet school wins national award for its high-achieving students". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved October 30, 2008.
  25. ^ "NBRS Walnut Glen Academy for Excellence of Garland, TX". National Blue Ribbon Schools Program. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
  26. ^ "Education Design Showcase Project". Archived from the original on July 10, 2011. Retrieved April 19, 2010.. Retrieved on 24 January 2008.
  27. ^ "About the Center". Special Events Center. Archived from the original on February 1, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2008.
  28. ^ Smith, Andrew (July 31, 2006). "Alumni of all-black school evoke a distant era". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved October 30, 2008.
  29. ^ Garland ISD: Quick Facts About Us Archived 2010-06-26 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 30 October 2008.
  30. ^ Garland ISD: School Spirit & History Archived 2010-06-26 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 30 October 2008.
  31. ^ "North Texas Police Chief Offended by School's Black History Program". dfw.cbslocal.com. February 26, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  32. ^ Stack, Liam (May 3, 2015). "Texas Police Kill Gunmen at Exhibit Featuring Cartoons of Muhammad". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 25, 2022.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Garland Independent School District.

Read other articles:

Asam etilenadiaminatetraasetat

Asam etilenadiaminatetraasetat Nama Nama IUPAC (sistematis) 2-({2-[Bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}(carboxymethyl)amino)acetic acid Nama lain Asam diaminoetana-tetraacetatAsam edetatAsam etilenadinitrilo-tetraacetatVersene Penanda Nomor CAS 60-00-4 Y Model 3D (JSmol) Gambar interaktifGambar interaktif 3DMet {{{3DMet}}} Singkatan EDTA, H4EDTA Referensi Beilstein 1716295 ChEBI CHEBI:42191 Y ChEMBL ChEMBL858 Y ChemSpider 5826 Y DrugBank DB00974 Y Nomor EC Referensi Gmelin...

 

Karin Maruyama

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Karin Maruyama丸山 夏鈴[1]Lahir(1993-08-02)2 Agustus 1993Kōriyama, Prefektur Fukushima, JepangMeninggal24 Mei 2015(2015-05-24) (umur 21)Kōriyama, Prefektur Fukushima, JepangGenreJ-popPekerjaanPenyanyitarentoInstrumenVokalTahun aktif...

 

Warm and Cozy

Warm and CozyPoster promosi untuk Warm and CozyGenreRomansa, KomediDitulis olehHong Mi-ran, Hong Jung-eunSutradaraPark Hong-kyun Kim Hee-wonPemeranYoo Yeon-seokKang So-raPenata musikLee Im-wooBahasa asliKoreaJmlh. episode16ProduksiProduser eksekutifMoon Seok-hwan Oh Kwang-heeProduserHan HeeLokasi produksiPulau JejuSinematografiPark Chang-soo Hwang Seong-manPenyuntingIm Gyeong-raeDurasi70 menit Rabu dan Kamis pukul 22:00 (WSK)Rumah produksiBon FactoryRilis asliJaringanMunhwa Broadcastin...

Coppa Italia Serie C 2005-2006

Coppa Italia Serie C 2005-2006 Competizione Coppa Italia Serie C Sport Calcio Edizione 34ª Organizzatore Lega Italiana Calcio Professionistico Date dal 17 agosto 2005al 20 aprile 2006 Luogo  Italia Partecipanti 75 Risultati Vincitore  Gallipoli(1º titolo) Secondo  Sanremese Cronologia della competizione 2004-2005 2006-2007 Manuale La Coppa Italia di Serie C 2005-2006 è stata la venticinquesima edizione di quella che oggi si chiama Coppa Italia Lega Pro. Il vincitore...

 

مدرسة علمية آية الله حق شناس

مدرسة علمية آية الله حق شناس مدرسه علمیه آیت‌الله حق‌شناس مدرسة علمية آية الله حق شناس معلومات الموقع الجغرافي المدينة طهران البلد  إيران تعديل مصدري - تعديل   مدرسة علمية آية الله حق شناس هي مدرسة الإسلامية تاريخية تعود إلى القاجاريون، وتقع في طهران.[1] مراجع ^ Ency...

 

Colleges Crossing

Bridge in Queensland, AustraliaCollege's CrossingCollege's CrossingCoordinates27°33′25″S 152°48′15″E / 27.5569°S 152.8041°E / -27.5569; 152.8041CarriesMotor vehiclesCrossesBrisbane RiverLocaleChuwar, Queensland,  AustraliaOther name(s)Colleges CrossingMaintained byDepartment of Transport and Main RoadsCharacteristicsDesignBeam bridgeMaterialConcreteNo. of spans3HistoryReplacesWooden bridge 1894 -??Location College's Crossing (also known as Colleges Cr...

大字 (数字)

この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字が含まれています（詳細）。 数字の大字（だいじ）は、漢数字の一種。通常用いる単純な字形の漢数字（小字）の代わりに同じ音の別の漢字を用いるものである。 概要 壱万円日本銀行券（「壱」が大字） 弐千円日本銀行券（「弐」が大字） 漢数字には「一」「二」「三」と続く小字と、「壱」「�...

 

美国众议院

此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2021年7月4日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目，无法查证的内容可能會因為异议提出而被移除。致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：美国众议院 — 网页、新闻、书籍、学术、图像），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（判定指引）。 美國眾議院 United States House of Representatives第118届美国国会众议院徽章 众议院旗...

 

Mianchi South railway station

Railway station in Henan, China Mianchi South railway station Mianchi South railway station (Chinese: 渑池南站) is a railway station located in Mianchi County, Henan, China. It was opened on 6 February 2010, along with the Zhengzhou–Xi'an high-speed railway.[1] References ^ Completion Report Zhengzhou‒Xi'an Railway Project 37487-013 (PDF). ADB. Retrieved 8 August 2020. Preceding station China Railway High-speed Following station Luoyang Longmentowards Zhengzhou Zhengzhou�...

منتخب الأوروغواي تحت 20 سنة لاتحاد الرغبي

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يوليو 2019) منتخب الأوروغواي تحت 20 سنة لاتحاد الرغبي بلد الرياضة الأوروغواي  الموقع الرسمي الموقع الرسمي  أكبر فوز أكبر خسارة تعديل مصدري - تعديل   منتخب الأوروغ�...

 

Hellenistic glass

Glass produced during the Hellenistic period Hellenistic glass Hellenistic glass was glass produced during the Hellenistic period (4th century BC – 5th century AD) in the Mediterranean, Europe, western Asia and northern Africa. Glassmaking at this time was based on the technological traditions of the Classical antiquity and the Late Bronze Age,[1] but was marked by transition from limited production of luxury objects made for the social elite to mass production of affordable glass v...

 

Кароль Фердинанд Ваза

Кароль Фердинанд Вазапол. Karol Ferdynand Waza Герб династии Ваза князь-епископ Бреслау 1625 — 1655 Предшественник Карл Австрийский Преемник Леопольд Вильгельм Австрийский епископ Плоцкий 1640 — 1655 Предшественник Станислав Лубенский Преемник Ян Гембицкий князь Опольско-Рациб�...

Njalla

Anonymous domain registrar, hosting and VPN provider NjallaFounded2018; 6 years ago (2018)FounderPeter SundeServicesDomain and Internet HostingWebsitenjal.la Njalla is an anonymous domain name registrar, hosting provider and VPN provider, established by The Pirate Bay founder Peter Sunde.[1] History Peter Sunde started the company in 2017 as a middle man between domain registration and registrants in order to provide anonymity.[2] In 2020, RIAA and MPA flagge...

 

Jalan Tol Gedebage–Tasikmalaya–Cilacap

Jalan Tol Gedebage-Tasikmalaya-CilacapGedebage–Tasikmalaya–Cilacap Toll RoadJalan Tol GetaciAplikasi Pile Slab Sepanjang 9,12 kmInformasi ruteBagian dari Jalan Tol Trans JawaDikelola oleh BUJT (Dalam proses)Panjang:206.65 km (128,41 mi)Berdiri:Tahap 1(STA 00+000 – 108+300)Tahap 2(STA 108+300 – 206+650) – sekarangPersimpangan besarUjung Barat: Jalan Tol Padalarang–Cileunyi BIUTR/ Jalan Tol Dalam Kota Bandung Junction GedebageSimpang Susun MajalayaSimpang Susun Nagreg...

 

Kebrutalan polisi

Ian Tomlinson, sesaat setelah dipukul dan didorong polisi ketika berdemonstrasi pada tahun 2009 di London, Britania Raya. Ia meninggal beberapa menit setelah momen ini. Kebrutalan polisi (bahasa Inggris: Police brutality) adalah penggunaan kekerasan yang berlebihan atau tak perlu oleh polisi terhadap warga sipil. Contohnya adalah pemukulan, penyiksaan atau pembunuhan.[1] Kekerasan yang berlebihan atau tak perlu, walaupun dilakukan atas nama hukum, dapat merupakan pelanggaran hak-h...

Virginia Slims of Oklahoma 1989

Virginia Slims of Oklahoma 1989Sport Tennis Data27 febbraio - 5 marzo Edizione4a SuperficieCemento indoor CampioniSingolare Manon Bollegraf Doppio Lori McNeil / Betsy Nagelsen 1988 1990 Il Virginia Slims of Oklahoma 1989 è stato un torneo di tennis giocato sul cemento indoor. È stata la 4ª edizione del torneo, che fa parte della categoria Tier V nell'ambito del WTA Tour 1989. Si è giocato al The Greens Country Club di Oklahoma City negli USA, dal 27 febbraio al 5 marzo 1989. Indice 1 Camp...

 

Royal Australian College of General Practitioners

Royal Australian College of General PractitionersAbbreviationRACGPFormation1958Legal statusRegistered charityPurposeEducation, training, standards and advocacy of GPsHeadquartersEast Melbourne, VictoriaLocationAustraliaRegion served AustraliaMembership 40,000PresidentDr Nicole HigginsStaff 420Websitehttp://www.racgp.org.au/ The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) is the professional body for general practitioners (GPs) in Australia. The RACGP is responsible for maintain...

 

Edwin Soeryadjaya

Biografi ini memerlukan lebih banyak catatan kaki untuk pemastian. Bantulah untuk menambahkan referensi atau sumber tepercaya. Materi kontroversial atau trivial yang sumbernya tidak memadai atau tidak bisa dipercaya harus segera dihapus, khususnya jika berpotensi memfitnah.Cari sumber: Edwin Soeryadjaya – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR (Desember 2022) (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Edwin Soeryadja...

Championnats du monde de ski nordique 2017

Cet article est une ébauche concernant le ski et la Finlande. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Championnats du mondede ski nordique 2017 Généralités Sport Ski nordique Organisateur(s) FIS Édition 51e Lieu(x) Lahti, Finlande Date 22 février au 5 mars 2017 Site web officiel lahti2017.fi Navigation Falun 2015 Seefeld 2019 modifier Les championnats du monde de ski nordique 2017 sont la 51e édit...

 

Antoinette d'Aubeterre

French aristocrat Antoinette d'AubeterreBorn1532Died1580Other namesAntoinette Bouchard-d'AubeterreSpouseJean V de ParthenayParent(s)François II Bouchard, Seigneur d'Aubeterre and Isabelle de Saint-Seine Antoinette d'Aubeterre (1532–1580) was a French noble woman, who received a good classical education, learning mathematics from François Viète. François was her legal advisor, personal secretary, and tutor to Antoinette and her husband Jean V de Parthenay's daughter Catherine de Par...