Full metal jacket (ammunition)

For the 1987 film, see Full Metal Jacket. For other uses, see Full metal jacket (disambiguation).
These .30-caliber (7.62 mm) full metal jacket bullets show the typical jacket openings exposing the lead alloy core on the base of the bullet to illustrate that a full metal jacket may not completely enclose the core.
Examples of FMJ bullets in their usual shapes: pointed ("spitzer") loaded in the 7.62×39mm rifle and round-nosed loaded in the 7.62×25mm pistol cartridges

A full metal jacket (FMJ) bullet is a small-arms projectile consisting of a soft core (often lead) encased in an outer shell ("jacket") of harder metal, such as gilding metal, cupronickel, or, less commonly, a steel alloy. A bullet jacket usually allows higher muzzle velocities than bare lead without depositing significant amounts of metal in the bore. It also prevents damage to bores from hard steel or armor-piercing core materials.

History

Despite a widespread belief that the full metal jacket bullet was invented ca. 1882 by Swiss Colonel Eduard Rubin while he was working for the Swiss Federal Ammunition Factory and Research Center,[1][2][3][4] in fact it was known already in the 1880s that the actual inventor was Prussian Major (later Lt.-Col.) Julius Emil Bode [es] (1835-1885), who came up with the idea either in 1875 or 1876.[5][6][7][8][9]

The use of full metal jacketing in military ammunition came about in part because of the need for improved feeding characteristics in small arms that used internal mechanical manipulation of the cartridge in order to chamber rounds as opposed to externally hand-reloading single-shot firearms. The harder metal used in bullet jackets was less prone to deformation than softer exposed lead, which improved feeding. That also allowed bullets to withstand much higher velocities caused by the decrease of the caliber.[10]

The Hague Convention of 1899, Declaration III, prohibits the use in international warfare of bullets that easily expand or flatten in the body.

Impact characteristics

By design, fully jacketed projectiles have less capacity to expand after contact with the target than a hollow-point projectile. While this can be an advantage when engaging targets behind cover, it can also be a disadvantage as an FMJ bullet may pierce completely through a target, leading to less severe wounding, and possibly failing to disable the target. Furthermore, a projectile that goes completely through a target can cause unintentional damage behind the target.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ Huon, Jean (1988). Military Rifle and Machine Gun Cartridges. Alexandria, Va.: Ironside International. ISBN 0-935554-05-X. OCLC 24498827.
  2. ^ "Swiss Handguns 1882".
  3. ^ Holt Bobinson (November 2008). "The model 1911 Schmidt Rubin: the other Switzer". Guns Magazine. Archived from the original on 2012-07-15 – via FindArticles.com - CBS Interactive.
  4. ^ Wood, J. B. (2003). The Gun Digest Book of Firearms Assembly/Disassembly: Centerfire Rifles, Volume 4 (2nd ed.). Iola, WI: Krause Publications. ISBN 0873496310. OCLC 52359378. Archived from the original on 2016-05-07. Retrieved 2015-09-07.
  5. ^ Archiv für die Artillerie- und Ingenieur-Offiziere des deutschen Reichsheeres (in German). Mittler. 1885.
  6. ^ "'Das Kleinste Kaliber oder das zukünftige Infanteriegewehr. 1/2' - Viewer | MDZ".
  7. ^ Monatshefte für Politik und Wehrmacht (in German). 1889.
  8. ^ "Der" Kamerad Wien, 1862 - 1896: österreichisch-ungarische Wehr-Zeitung (in German). 1887.
  9. ^ Die Repetir-Gewehre: ihre Geschichte, Entwickelung, Einrichtung und Leistungsfähigkeit; unter besonderer Berücksichtigung amtlicher Schiessversuche und mit Benutzung von Originalwaffen dargestellt (in German). Zernin. 1882.
  10. ^ Ramage, C. Kenneth (1980). Lyman Cast Bullet Handbook (3rd ed.). Middlefield, Connecticut: Lyman Publications. pp. 27 & 28.
  11. ^ The Belding & Mull Handbook. Philipsburg, Pennsylvania: Belding & Mull. 1949. pp. 39 & 40.

Read other articles:

Monastir, Italia

Monastir MuristèniKomuneComune di MonastirLokasi Monastir di Provinsi Sardinia SelatanNegara ItaliaWilayah SardiniaProvinsiSardinia Selatan (SU)Pemerintahan • Wali kotaLuisa MurruLuas • Total31,79 km2 (12,27 sq mi)Ketinggian81 m (266 ft)Populasi (2016) • Total4,567[1]Zona waktuUTC+1 (CET) • Musim panas (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Kode pos09023Kode area telepon070Situs webhttp://www.comune.monastir.ca.it Monastir ...

 

 

Dominique Bertinotti

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Bertinotti. Dominique Bertinotti Dominique Bertinotti en 2012. Fonctions Ministre déléguée à la Famille 16 mai 2012 – 31 mars 2014(1 an, 10 mois et 15 jours) Président François Hollande Premier ministre Jean-Marc Ayrault Gouvernement Ayrault I et II Prédécesseur Claude Greff Successeur Laurence Rossignol Maire du 4e arrondissement de Paris 2 avril 2001 – 2 juillet 2012(11 ans et 3 mois) Élection 18 mars 2001 Rééle...

 

 

Свободная республика Веркор

Свободная республика ВеркорОсновной конфликт: Вторая мировая война Дата 6 июня — 23 июля 1944 года Место массив Веркор, Франция Итог победа немецких войск Противники  Сражающаяся Франция  Нацистская Германия Командующие Франсуа Юэ[fr] Карл Пфлаум Силы сторон 3909 8000 П�...

Architecture of Croatia

Cathedral of St. James, Šibenik The architecture of Croatia has roots in a long history: the Croats have inhabited the area for fourteen centuries, but there are important remnants of earlier periods still preserved in the country. But the architecture of most old towns, especially on the coast, are italian/venetian influnced, which also come from them, since they had a long presencetime and affiliation at these places. Ancient heritage Copper Age finds are from Vučedol culture (named after...

 

 

Annie Awards

Film award Annie AwardsCurrent: 51st Annie AwardsAwarded forExcellence in animationCountryUnited StatesPresented byASIFA-HollywoodFirst awardedNovember 1972; 51 years ago (1972-11)Websiteannieawards.org The Annie Awards are accolades which the Los Angeles branch of the International Animated Film Association, ASIFA-Hollywood, has presented each year since 1972[1] to recognize excellence in animation shown in American cinema and television. Originally designed to...

 

 

Piton de la Fournaise

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Piton (homonymie). Piton de la Fournaise Le sommet vu depuis le rebord du rempart de Bellecombe au sud-ouest. Géographie Altitude 2 632 m[1] Massif Massif du Piton de la Fournaise Coordonnées 21° 14′ 35″ sud, 55° 42′ 26″ est[1],[2] Administration Pays France Département et région d'outre-mer La Réunion Communes Sainte-Rose, Saint-Philippe Ascension Première 21 septembre 1751 par Andoche Dolnet de Palmar...

Hull number

Serial identification number given to a boat or ship This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (June 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article needs additional citations for verific...

 

 

Kirill dari Moskwa

KirillПатриарх КириллPatriark Moskwa dan semua bangsa Rusia Kirill I, Patriark Mokswa dan Seluruh RusGerejaGereja Ortodoks RusiaTakhtaMoskowAwal masa jabatan1 Februari 2009Masa jabatan berakhirPetahanaPendahuluAleksi IIImamatTahbisan imam7 April 1969Tahbisan uskup14 Maret 1976oleh Nikodim (Rotov)Informasi pribadiNama lahirVladimir Mikhailovich GundyayevLahir20 November 1946 (umur 77)Leningrad, Uni Soviet Kirill (bahasa Rusia: Кирилл, nama sekuler Vladimir Mik...

 

 

Queens Community Board 2

Community District in New York, United StatesQueens Community District 2 Queens Community Board 2Community DistrictCountry United StatesState New YorkCityNew York CityBoroughQueensNeighborhoods list Hunters PointLong Island CitySunnysideWoodside Government • TypeCommunity board • BodyQueens Community Board 2 • ChairpersonLisa Deller • District ManagerDebra Markell KleinertArea • Total5.0 sq mi (13 km2)Populat...

1867 Maine gubernatorial election

US gubernatorial election 1867 Maine gubernatorial election ← 1866 September 9, 1867 1868 →   Nominee Joshua Chamberlain Eben F. Pillsbury Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 57,713 45,990 Percentage 55.42% 44.16% Governor before election Joshua Chamberlain Republican Elected Governor Joshua Chamberlain Republican The 1867 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 9, 1867. Incumbent Republican Governor and war hero Joshua Chamberlain defeated the ...

 

 

Taumatawhakatangi­hangakoauauotamatea­turipukakapikimaunga­horonukupokaiwhen­uakitanatahu

Hill in New Zealand Taumata­whakatangihanga­koauau­o­tamatea­turi­pukaka­piki­maunga­horo­nuku­pokai­whenua­ki­tana­tahuTaumataSign on the hill showing its 85-character nameHighest pointElevation305 m (1,001 ft)NamingEnglish translationThe summit where Tamatea, the man with the big knees, the slider, climber of mountains, the land-swallower who travelled about, played his kōauau (flute) to his loved one...

 

 

Jonathan Scott (actor)

Jonathan Silver Scott Scott en 2013Información personalOtros nombres Jonathan Silver ScottNacimiento 28 de abril de 1978 (46 años)Vancouver, Columbia Británica, CanadáResidencia Las Vegas, NevadaNacionalidad CanadienseCaracterísticas físicasAltura 1,95 m (6′ 5″)FamiliaCónyuge Zooey Deschanel (2019-presente; comprometidos)Pareja Jacinta Kuznetsov (2016-2018)Familiares Andrew Scott (hermano gemelo)EducaciónEducado en Southern Alberta Institute of TechnologyInformación pro...

Willy Guéret

French association football player Willy Guéret Guéret after playing for Milton Keynes Dons in the 2008 Football League Trophy FinalPersonal informationFull name Willy Julie Guéret[1]Date of birth (1973-08-03) 3 August 1973 (age 50)[2]Place of birth Saint-Claude, GuadeloupeHeight 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)[3]Position(s) GoalkeeperSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1991–1995 Red Star 93 6 (0)1996–2000 Le Mans 17 (0)2000–2004 Millwall 15 (0)2004–20...

 

 

Menembus Mata Bathin

Menembus Mata BathinGenreAcara realitasSupranaturalAdikodratiPembuatOtis HahijaryWorkpoint EntertainmentPresenterRoy KiyoshiBayu OktaraNegara asalIndonesiaJmlh. episodevariatifProduksiDurasi195 menitRumah produksiVIVA (Cakrawala Andalas Televisi)Rilis asliJaringanantvRilis27 Agustus 2018 –sekarangAcara terkaitMenembus Mata Bathin the Series Menembus Mata Bathin merupakan acara realitas yang disiarkan di antv sejak 27 Agustus 2018 hingga 2 Juli 2019. Program ini merupakan kelanjutan da...

 

 

Laura Solari

Italian actress (1913–1984) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Laura Solari – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Laura SolariSolari in L'orizzonte dipinto (1941)BornLaura Camaur(1913-01-05)5 January 1913Trieste, Austria-Hungar...

Universitas Indonesia railway station

Railway station in Indonesia This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Universitas Indonesia railway station – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) B18Universitas Indonesia StationStasiun Universitas IndonesiaEntrance of the Universitas ...

 

 

片礁

此條目需要擴充。 (2013年12月2日)请協助改善这篇條目，更進一步的信息可能會在討論頁或扩充请求中找到。请在擴充條目後將此模板移除。 片礁主權争议岛屿地理片礁 片礁的位置位置南中国海坐标9°32′N 116°24′E / 9.533°N 116.400°E / 9.533; 116.400群岛南沙群岛?主權聲索方 中华人民共和国地級市海南省三沙市  中華民國區高雄市旗津區  菲律賓市民�...

 

 

Joseph Areruya

Rwandan cyclist (born 1996) Joseph AreruyaAreruya in 2018Personal informationFull nameJoseph AreruyaBorn (1996-01-01) 1 January 1996 (age 28)Rwamagana, Rwanda[1]Height1.76 m (5 ft 9 in)Weight74 kg (163 lb)Team informationCurrent teamInovotecDisciplineRoadRoleRiderRider typeAll-rounderAmateur teams2016Les Amis Sportifs de Rwamagana2020Pédale Pilotine[2]2022Pédale Pilotine–Blue Car[3]2023–Inovotec Professional teams2017�...

Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

German state (1815–1918) For other uses, see Mecklenburg-Schwerin (disambiguation). Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-SchwerinGroßherzogtum Mecklenburg-Schwerin (German)1815–1918 Flag Coat of arms The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin within the German EmpireMap of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (orange)Status State of the German Confederation (1815–48, 1850–66) State of the North German Confederation (1867–71) Federal State of the German Empire (1871–1918) CapitalSchwerin53°38′0″N 11...

 

 

إلك هورن

إلك هورن     الإحداثيات 41°35′34″N 95°03′35″W / 41.592777777778°N 95.059722222222°W / 41.592777777778; -95.059722222222   [1] تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[2]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة شيلبي  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 1.993143 كيلومتر مربع1.993141 كيلومتر مربع (1 أبريل 2010)  ارتفا...