Fubing system

The fubing system (Chinese: 府兵制; pinyin: fǔbīng zhì; Wade–Giles: fu-ping chih) was a local militia system in Imperial China from the 6th to 8th centuries AD, originating in the Western Wei dynasty and subsequently adopted by the Northern Zhou, Sui, and Tang dynasties.

Characteristics

The basis of the Sui and early Tang militaries was the fubing militia system, first employed by the Western Wei, under regent Yuwen Tai's administration. These militia units also served as reserves, and could be mobilized quickly in times of war or political instability. those over 2000 li away served for two months every 18 months. When off-duty, they would farm their land, but when a war occurred, they would be re-mobilized. This supplemented the equal-field system, which assigned all households a share of land to farm. These units subsequently became hereditary military families, and ushered forth vast militarized settlements and communities.[1]

The Sui placed these units under local civil administration, and later the Tang incorporated them under metropolitan control, more specifically the Ministry of the Army. The Tang fielded 634 militia units, later called Zhechongfu. Under Tang administration every 6 families were expected to provide one man to serve under a garrison unit. Each unit consisted of 800 to 1200 men, and in turn were subdivided into tuan of 300, dui of 50, and huo of 10.[2][3] Many were concentrated in the northern region, especially in Guanzhong, which alone fielded 261 militia units, the rest included 164 in Shanxi, and 74 in Henan and Shandong, all constituting about 80 percent of fubing conscripts. Fubing required little government expenditure, since militiamen could support themselves by farming.[4]

The fubing system only had provisions for brief military campaigns and peacetime. Prolonged warfare would prevent the cultivation of agriculture for the economy. Fubing was gradually abandoned in favor of full-time army units, known as jian'er (健儿).[3][5]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Fubingzhi[permanent dead link‍]
  2. ^ "Zhechongfu". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
  3. ^ a b Peers, p.110-112
  4. ^ Liu, p. 85-86
  5. ^ Jian Er[permanent dead link‍]

References

Read other articles:

Kelelawar ekor pendek kecil Selandia Baru

Kelelawar ekor pendek kecil Mystacina tuberculata Status konservasiRentanIUCN14261 TaksonomiKerajaanAnimaliaFilumChordataKelasMammaliaOrdoChiropteraFamiliMystacinidaeGenusMystacinaSpesiesMystacina tuberculata Gray, 1843 SubspesiesM. t. tuberculata M. t. aupourica M. t. rhyacobiaKeterangan:   Persebaran M. t. aupourica.   Persebaran M. t. rhyacobia.   Persebaran M. t. tuberculata. lbs Kelelawar ekor pendek kecil (Mystacina tuberculata; bahasa Maori: pekapeka-tou-p...

 

Jangan berzina

Bagian dari sebuah serial tentangSepuluhPerintah Allah Akulah TUHAN Allahmu Jangan ada allah lain Jangan membuat patung apa pun Jangan sembarangan menyebut nama TUHAN Kuduskanlah hari Sabat Hormatilah ayahmu dan ibumu Jangan membunuh Jangan berzinah Jangan mencuri Jangan bersaksi dusta Jangan mengingini Artikel terkait Loh Batu Dekalog Ritual Teologi Katolik lbs Jangan berzina, salah satu dari Sepuluh Perintah Allah, ditemukan di Keluaran 20:14 dalam Tanakh dan Perjanjian Lama. Perbuatan apa ...

 

Renoir (film)

RenoirBerkas:Renoir (film).jpgPoster filmSutradaraGilles BourdosProduserOlivier DelboscMarc MissonnierSkenarioJérome TonnerreMichel SpinosaGilles BourdosBerdasarkanLe Tableau amoureuxoleh Jacques RenoirPemeranMichel BouquetChrista TheretVincent RottiersThomas DoretPenata musikAlexandre DesplatSinematograferMark Lee Ping BinPenyuntingYannick KergoatDistributorMars DistributionTanggal rilis 25 Mei 2012 (2012-05-25) (Cannes) 2 Januari 2013 (2013-01-02) (Prancis) Durasi11...

Voiced bilabial flap

Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ⱱ̟⟩ or ⟨b̆⟩ in IPA Voiced bilabial flapⱱ̟b̆IPA Number184 413Audio sample source · helpEncodingEntity (decimal)ⱱ​̟Unicode (hex)U+2C71 U+031F Image The voiced bilabial flap is an uncommon non-rhotic flap. It is usually, and perhaps always, an allophone of the labiodental flap, though it is the preferred allophone in a minority of languages such as Banda and some of its neighbors. In Mono, the sound...

 

Svolta di Salerno

Ritratto di Palmiro Togliatti La cosiddetta svolta di Salerno, avvenuta nell'aprile del 1944, prende il nome da una iniziativa di Palmiro Togliatti, su impulso dell'Unione Sovietica, finalizzata a trovare un compromesso tra partiti antifascisti, monarchia e Badoglio, che consentisse la formazione di un governo di unità nazionale al quale partecipassero i rappresentanti di tutte le forze politiche presenti nel Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale, accantonando quindi temporaneamente la questione...

 

Andreas Maurer (tennis)

German tennis player This article is about the German tennis player. For the Austrian politician, see Andreas Maurer (Austrian politician). For the German local politician, see Andreas Maurer (German politician). Andreas MaurerAndreas Maurer (1977)Country (sports) GermanyResidenceHemel Hempstead, EnglandBorn (1958-03-08) 8 March 1958 (age 66)Gelsenk-Buer, GermanyHeight1.75 m (5 ft 9 in)Turned pro1978Retired1990PlaysRight-handed (one-handed backhand)Prize mon...

Lanterne (éclairage)

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Lanterne. Une lanterne place de la Carrière à Nancy Une lanterne est un appareil d'éclairage souvent portatif, constitué d'une boîte dont les faces sont fermées par un matériau translucide ou transparent, où l'on enferme un dispositif éclairant (chandelle, bougie, lampe à huile, à pétrole ou électrique). Les surfaces transparentes étaient autrefois en corne ou en verre Le réverbère ou lanterne réverbère ajoute des réflecteurs à la lantern...

 

Katedral Flores

Katedral FloresGereja Katedral Bunda Maria dari Los Remedios dan Santo Pablo ItzáSpanyol: Catedral Nuestra Señora de Los Remedios y San Pablo ItzáKatedral FloresLokasiFlores, El PeténNegaraGuatemalaDenominasiGereja Katolik RomaArsitekturStatusKatedralStatus fungsionalAktifTipe arsitekturgerejaAdministrasiKeuskupan AgungVikariat Apostolik El Petén Katedral Flores atau yang bernama resmi Katedral Bunda Maria dari Los Remedios dan Santo Pablo Itzá (Spanyol: Catedral Nuestra Señora...

 

Be Natural

Be Naturalsingel oleh Red Velvet feat. TaeyongBahasaKoreaDirilis13 Oktober 2014 (2014-10-13)Genre R&B soul pop-jazz Durasi4:41LabelSMPenciptaYoo Young-jinProduserYoo Young-jinKronologi Red Velvet Happiness (2014) Be Natural (2014) Automatic (2015) Video musikBe Natural di YouTube Logo singel Be Natural yang dirilis oleh SM Entertaintment. Be Natural adalah sebuah lagu remake yang dibawakan oleh group vokal wanita Korea Selatan, Red Velvet. Lagu ini aslinya direkam dan dinyanyikan ole...

Mary I of England

Queen of England and Ireland from 1553 to 1558 Mary I redirects here. For other uses, see Mary I (disambiguation). Mary IPortrait by Antonis Mor, 1554Queen of England and Ireland (more...) ReignJuly 1553[a] –17 November 1558Coronation1 October 1553PredecessorJane (disputed) or Edward VISuccessorElizabeth ICo-monarchPhilip (1554–1558)Queen consort of SpainTenure16 January 1556 –17 November 1558Born18 February 1516Palace of Placentia, Greenwich, EnglandDied17 November 15...

 

Copa Colsanitas 2005

Copa Colsanitas 2005 Sport Tennis Data 14 febbraio – 20 febbraio Edizione 8a Superficie Terra rossa Campioni Singolare Flavia Pennetta Doppio Emmanuelle Gagliardi / Tina Pisnik 2004 2006 Il Copa Colsanitas 2005, noto anche come Copa Colsanitas Seguros Bolivar 2005 per motivi di sponsorizzazione, è stato un torneo di tennis giocato sulla terra rossa. È stata l'8ª edizione del Copa Colsanitas, che fa parte della categoria Tier III nell'ambito del WTA Tour 2005. Si è giocato al Club Campe...

 

Abdul Wahab Bugis

Syekh Abdul Wahab BugisSyekh Abdul Wahab Bugis al-Banjari Sadenreng Bunga WariyahMakam Syekh Abdul Wahab Bugis di Tungkaran, MartapuraPenasihat Dan fakih Guru Spiritual Istana Kesultanan BanjarInformasi pribadiKelahiran1725 Sadenreng Bunga WariyahPangkajene, kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan (Pangkep) Sulawesi Selatan, ibukotanya adalah Tomapoa. Terletak di sebelah atau bagian barat dari propinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Arojong Pangkajene (Depag RI, 1996: 786). Bugis, Makassar, S...

Referendum keanggotaan Britania Raya di Uni Eropa 2016

Referendum keanggotaan Britania Raya di Uni EropaHaruskah Britania Raya bertahan menjadi anggota Uni Eropa atau keluar dari Uni Eropa?LokasiBritania Raya dan GibraltarTanggal23 Juni 2016 (2016-06-23) Hasil Suara % Keluar 17.410.742 51,89% Bertahan 16.141.241 48,11% Suara sah 33.551.983 99,92% Suara kosong atau tidak sah 26.033 0.08% Total suara 33.578.016 100.00% Pemilih terdaftar/hadir 46.501.241 72.21% Hasil menurut daerah pemilihan   Keluar —   Bertahan Bagian da...

 

International Tennis Hall of Fame

Logo du International Tennis Hall of Fame L'International Tennis Hall of Fameau Newport Casino L'International Tennis Hall of Fame (littéralement : temple de la renommée du tennis international) est un musée sportif basé à Newport dans l'État de Rhode Island aux États-Unis. Historique et description Consacré à l'histoire du tennis, il a pour but de promouvoir la pratique de ce sport, de reconnaître les personnalités servant sa cause et de définir les événements et faits ma...

 

渡船街 (香港)

  此条目页的主題是香港九龍的渡船街。关于其他地方的同名街道，請見「渡船街」。 Ferry Street渡船街渡船街與西九龍走廊的交匯路段，此段連同渡船街天橋隸屬於5號幹線。命名緣由命名文件：1941年10月24日憲報第1260號政府公告、1947年5月23日憲報第431號政府公告、1975年3月14日憲報第585號政府公告、2020年10月16日憲報第5984號政府公告命名日期1941年10月24日[1]道路...

Lindinis

Roman town in Somerset, England Modern boundary stone commemorating the Roman origins of Ilchester Lindinis or Lendiniae was a small town in the Roman province of Britannia. Today it is known as Ilchester, located in the English county of Somerset in the United Kingdom. Name The name Lindinis appears in the 7th-century Ravenna Cosmography. The alternative *Lendiniae is derived from two inscribed construction stones from Hadrian's Wall which refer to a detachment from the Lendinienses tribe of...

 

國民陣線

国民阵线Barisan NasionalNational Frontباريسن ناسيونلபாரிசான் நேசனல்国民阵线标志简称国阵，BN主席阿末扎希总秘书赞比里署理主席莫哈末哈山总财政希山慕丁副主席魏家祥维纳斯瓦兰佐瑟古律创始人阿都拉萨成立1973年1月1日 (1973-01-01)[1]设立1974年7月1日 (1974-07-01)前身 联盟总部 马来西亚  吉隆坡 50480 秋傑区敦依斯迈路太子世贸中心（英�...

 

SMA Lokon Santo Nikolaus Tomohon

SMA Lokon St. Nikolaus TomohonInformasiDidirikan2001JenisSekolah BerasramaAkreditasiAJurusan atau peminatanIPA dan IPSRentang kelasX, XI, XIIKurikulumKurikulum 2013 dengan Sistem Kredit Semester (SKS) dan sistem pendidikan karakter Berbasis KehidupanStatusSwastaAlamatLokasiJl. Perlombaan No. 99 Kakaskasen 2 Kota Tomohon 95416, Tomohon, Sulawesi Utara, IndonesiaSitus webhttp://www.smalokon.comInstitusiYayasan Pendidikan LokonAfiliasiMandiriMotoMotoVeritas, Virtus, Fides SMA Lokon St. Niko...

Anzori Barkalaja

Estonian folklorist (born 1968) Anzori Barkalaja in 2021 Anzori Barkalaja (born 19 March 1968) is an Estonian folklorist.[1] Life and work Anzori Barkalaja was born in Dushanbe, Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (now, Tajikistan) to a Mingrelian father and an Estonian mother. After his parents divorced, he moved to Estonia with his mother. He graduated from the University of Tartu, where defended his doctoral dissertation in folklore.[2] In 2000-2015 he was the head of the Vilja...

 

FIM-92 Stinger

Stinger Stinger system Jenis Manportable surface-to-air missile Negara asal United States Sejarah pemakaian Masa penggunaan 1981–Present Digunakan oleh See Operators Pada perang Falklands War, Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Angolan Civil War, Kargil War, Yugoslav Wars Sejarah produksi Perancang General Dynamics Tahun 1967 Produsen Raytheon Missile Systems Biaya produksi US$38,000 Diproduksi 1978 Varian FIM-92A, FIM-92B, FIM-92C, FIM-92D, FIM-92G Spesifikasi (FIM-9...