Frederick North, 5th Earl of Guilford

The Right Honourable The Earl of Guilford GCMG FRS


1st Governor of British Ceylon
In office 12 October 1798 – 19 July 1805
Monarch	George III
Preceded by	Robert Andrews (as Resident and Superintendent of British Ceylon)
Succeeded by	Thomas Maitland

Personal details
Born	(1766-02-07)7 February 1766
Died	14 October 1827(1827-10-14) (aged 61)
Parent(s)	Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (father) Anne Speke (mother)

Frederick North, 5th Earl of Guilford, GCMG, FRS (7 February 1766 – 14 October 1827), styled The Honourable Frederick North until 1817, was a British politician and colonial administrator.

Early life and education

North was a younger son of Prime Minister Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (usually referred to as Lord North). He was educated at Eton College (1775–82) and Christ Church, Oxford. In 1791, he converted to the Eastern Orthodox Church and became an ardent adherent.^[1] He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1794.^[2]

Career

Parliament

He represented Banbury in Parliament from 1792 to 1794.

Secretary of State for Corsica

North served as Secretary of State to the Viceroy Sir Gilbert Elliot from 1794 to 1796 during the short-lived Anglo-Corsican Kingdom . North was tasked with the delicate negotiations with Pasquale Paoli and came to consider that Corsica was effectively 'ungovernable'.^[3]

Governor of Ceylon

He served as first British Governor of Ceylon from 1798 to 1805. North built his official residence, the Doric Bungalow, near the Mannar Sea according to his own plan; he himself used to supervise the pearl fishery, which at that time provided a substantial income for the British.^[4] In 1817, he succeeded his elder brother as fifth Earl of Guilford.

Ionian Academy

In 1824, North established the Ionian Academy on the island of Corfu, which was under British control as part of the United States of the Ionian Islands. It was the first University to be established in modern Greece. In this context, he financed the studies in France (at Ecole polytechnique) of Giovanni Carandino, the founder of the modern Greek mathematics. The academy has now closed but a statue of the Earl stands on the island. A library and a street are also named after him.^[5]

Death

Lord Guilford died unmarried in October 1827, aged 61, and was succeeded in his titles by his cousin, Francis North, 6th Earl of Guilford .^{[citation needed]}

Notes

^ "Bookplate of Frederick North, fifth Earl of Guildford (1766-1827)". St John's College Cambridge. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
^ "Fellow Details". Royal Society. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
^ Gregory, Desmond (1985). The Ungovernable Rock. A History of the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom and its role in Britain's Mediterranean Strategy during the Revolutionary War (1793-1797). Associated University Presses,Inc. pp. 134–135. ISBN 0-8386-3225-4.
^ Profile, san.beck.org. Accessed 7 January 2023.
^ Miller (1966), p. 123.

References

Miller, W., The Ottoman Empire and its Successors: 1801–1927 (London, 1966), p. 123
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.

External links

Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Earl of Guilford

Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded by Lord North	Member of Parliament for Banbury 1792–1794	Succeeded by William Holbech
Government offices
Preceded by New office	Governor of Ceylon 1798–1805	Succeeded by Thomas Maitland
Peerage of Great Britain
Preceded by Francis North	Earl of Guilford 1817–1827	Succeeded by Francis North

v t e ←Governors of British Ceylon
Military Governors	Agnew Stuart Doyle Bonnevaux de Meuron Andrews*
Governors	North Maitland Wilson Brownrigg Barnes Paget Campbell Barnes Wilson Wilmot-Horton Stewart-Mackenzie Campbell Emerson Tennent Torrington MacCarthy Anderson MacCarthy Ward Lockyer Wilkinson MacCarthy O'Brien Robinson Robinson Irving Gregory Longden Douglas Hamilton-Gordon Havelock Walker Ridgeway im Thurn Blake Clifford McCallum Stubbs Chalmers Stubbs Anderson Stubbs Manning Clementi Alexander Clifford Fletcher Stanley Bourdillon Thomson Tyrrell Stubbs Wedderburn Caldecott Moore**
Acting, Resident and Superintendent, became Governor-General of Ceylon*

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Artists	ULAN
People	Deutsche Biographie DDB
Other	IdRef SNAC Te Papa (New Zealand)

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