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Francis Farley
Francis Farley
	Portrait of Francis Farley taken in his laboratory at CERN, Geneva, 1960.
Born	13 October 1920 ; Lucknow (India), Lucknow
Died	16 July 2018 (aged 97); Southern France, Grasse
Education	doctorate
Alma mater	University of Cambridge ;
Employer	CERN (1957–); University of Auckland (1950–1957) ;
Works	Muon g-2 ;

Francis James Macdonald Farley FRS^[1]^[2] (13 October 1920 - 16 July 2018) was a British scientist. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society on 16 March 1972 earning the designation FRS. He was also a Fellow of the Institute of Physics and an honorary fellow of Trinity College Dublin.^[3] He was educated at Clifton College and at Clare College, Cambridge.^[4] Farley obtained his PhD from Cambridge in 1950.^[5]

During World War II he designed and made the first X-band microwave radar with 100 ns pulse and a one degree beam which directed the 15" guns at Dover.^[6] It showed shells splashing around the target. He invented clutter reference Doppler radar which could see vehicles on land and was used in Italy.^[7] As a senior lecturer in Auckland University he was a NZ delegate to the 1955 UN conference in Geneva on "Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy".^[8] During a year at Harwell in 1955 he measured the neutron yield from plutonium fission as a function of the incident neutron epithermal energy.

From 1957 at CERN he devised and measured the muon g-2 value, the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, in three successive experiments, inventing the muon storage ring,^[9]^[10] as well performing other accurate tests of special relativity at CERN (muon lifetime) and more. Known to his reading audience on many of his publications as F J M Farley, he participated in a leading role as one of the only experimental physicists from the CERN experiments in residence full-time at and with the follow-up fourth measurement of muon g-2 at Brookhaven National Laboratory^[11] (the other being Frank Krienen who joined CERN with Amsterdam Prof & third Director General C J Bakker in 1954); Farley continued to provide equally leading guidance for the follow-up fifth muon g-2 measurement at Fermilab (FNAL) which began data taking around the time of his death.

The physics legacy of F J M Farley by his muon g-2 experiments, ultimately conducted by hundreds of physicists, engineers and national laboratory staff, at higher and higher accuracies revealing new physics each time, established the muon as a spin-1/2 particle satisfying the Dirac equation, quantum electrodynamics (CERN I & II), hadron physics (CERN III), electroweak and Higgs physics (BNL IV) in each of their respective eras. All of these experimental determinations collectively are therefore monumental for the progress of particle physics theory enabling the most recent and actively current FNAL V experiment to significantly and severely constrain the introduction of new particles by theory advances, such as Supersymmetry, Dark Matter and more.^[12]

He started working on wave energy in 1976 and filed 14 patents in this area.^[13] He was the co-inventor of the Anaconda wave energy device.^[14]

He won the 1980 Hughes Medal of the Royal Society "for his ultra-precise measurements of the muon magnetic moment, a severe test of quantum electrodynamics and of the nature of the muon".^[15]

1967–82 he was the academic head of the Royal Military College of Science, Shrivenham. He has been visiting professor at Yale, University of Reading, University of New South Wales and at Southampton.

Moving to France in 1986 he helped the cancer hospital Centre Antoine Lacassagne in Nice to install a 65 MeV cyclotron for proton therapy.^[16] He designed the beam transport which brings the beam to the patient. Operating unmodified for 23 years the system has treated over 3000 patients for ocular melanoma with a cure rate of 95% .

Publications

His publications include the Methuen monograph "Elements of Pulse Circuits" (1955)^[17] translated into French and Spanish and papers on particle physics, relativity, wave energy and cosmology.

In 2012 he wrote a romantic novel, Catalysed Fusion, which illustrates life around the accelerators at CERN and in Geneva^[18]

Farley signed more than 50 peer reviewed articles. His nuclear and particle physics related publications are indexed in INSPIRE-HEP^[19]

The European Patent Office has registered 17 patents with Francis Farley as the inventor.^[13]

References

^ "Past Fellows". Royal Society. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
^ Crease, Robert P. (2024). "Francis James Macdonald Farley. 13 October 1920—16 July 2018". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 77: 185–199. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2023.0037.
^ "FrancisFarley | Royal Society". Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
^ Farley, F.J.M.; Vij, J.K.; Kocot, A.; Murthy, U.M.S.; Burgess, M. (1991). "Mechanical load cell based on cavity-controlled microwave oscillators". IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 39 (9): 1611–1616. Bibcode:1991ITMTT..39.1611F. doi:10.1109/22.83837. ISSN 0018-9480.
^ Farley, Francis James Macdonald (1950). Some experiments with an expansion chamber (PhD). University of Cambridge.
^ CA No.1 Mk3 Transmitter & receiver based on NT271, with displays from CA No 1 Mk1.
^ FA No.1 Mk1 - Control of artillery fire against ground targets
^ "International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy". Proceedings. UN. 1956–1958.
^ "Muon's (g-2): the obstinate deviation from the Standard Model". CERN Bulletin (49–50). 5 December 2011.
^ "What invention is all about". CERN.
^ Farley, F (2004). "The 47 years of muon g−2". Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. 52 (1): 1–83. Bibcode:2004PrPNP..52....1F. doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2003.09.004. ISSN 0146-6410.
^ Overbye, Dennis (7 April 2021). "A Tiny Particle's Wobble Could Upend the Known Laws of Physics". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Espacenet: Inventor Francis Farley". EPO. Archived from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
^ "Peaks and troughs of wave energy: the dreams and the reality – speaker biographies". Royal Society. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
^ "Hughes archive winners 1989 – 1902". Royal Society. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
^ Mandrillon P, Brassart, N, Chauvel P, Courdi A, Farley F, Fietier N, Herault J, Tang JY (1992). "Recent activities of the cyclotron laboratory in Nice" (PDF). Cyclotrons 1992. Vancouver, BC, Canada: JACoW. pp. 248–251. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
^ Farley, Francis (1955). Elements of pulse circuits. London: Methuen. p. 151. ASIN 0416406106.
^ Farley, Francis (2012). Catalysed Fusion. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 282. ISBN 978-1481018494.
^ "INSPIRE-HEP: Farley, Francis James Macdonald". INSPIRE-HEP. Retrieved 13 November 2019.