In 1952,[4] Cherry was elected to the Arkansas governorship, defeating Sid McMath who was running for a third term. Cherry defeated McMath even though McMath had gained the endorsement of then President Harry Truman. He served until 1955, when he was defeated for re-election by Orval Faubus.[5] At the time of his defeat, he was only the second Arkansas Governor to lose re-election in the century.
In 1955, President Eisenhower appointed Cherry to the Federal Subversive Activities Control Board. Cherry was appointed to a second term in 1960. In 1963, President Kennedy made Cherry the chairman of the board. At the time of his death in 1965, Cherry was the Chairman of the Federal Subversive Activities Control Board.
Cherry died from a heart ailment related to a prior heart attack on July 15, 1965, at his home in Washington, D.C.,[6] at the age of 56.