Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection

Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection is an idea about genetic variance[1][2] in population genetics developed by the statistician and evolutionary biologist Ronald Fisher. The proper way of applying the abstract mathematics of the theorem to actual biology has been a matter of some debate, however, it is a true theorem.[3]

It states:

"The rate of increase in fitness of any organism at any time is equal to its genetic variance in fitness at that time."[4]

Or in more modern terminology:

"The rate of increase in the mean fitness of any organism, at any time, that is ascribable to natural selection acting through changes in gene frequencies, is exactly equal to its genetic variance in fitness at that time".[5]

History

The theorem was first formulated in Fisher's 1930 book The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection.[4] Fisher likened it to the law of entropy in physics, stating that "It is not a little instructive that so similar a law should hold the supreme position among the biological sciences". The model of quasi-linkage equilibrium was introduced by Motoo Kimura in 1965 as an approximation in the case of weak selection and weak epistasis.[6][7]

Largely as a result of Fisher's feud with the American geneticist Sewall Wright about adaptive landscapes, the theorem was widely misunderstood to mean that the average fitness of a population would always increase, even though models showed this not to be the case.[8] In 1972, George R. Price showed that Fisher's theorem was indeed correct (and that Fisher's proof was also correct, given a typo or two), but did not find it to be of great significance. The sophistication that Price pointed out, and that had made understanding difficult, is that the theorem gives a formula for part of the change in gene frequency, and not for all of it. This is a part that can be said to be due to natural selection.[9]

Due to confounding factors, tests of the fundamental theorem are quite rare though Bolnick in 2007 did test this effect in a natural population.[10]

References

  1. ^ Crow, J.F. (2002). "Here's to Fisher, additive genetic variance, and the fundamental theorem of natural selection". Perspective. Evolution. 56 (7): 1313–1316. doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[1313:phstfa]2.0.co;2. PMID 12206233. S2CID 198157405.
  2. ^ Lessard, Sabin (1997). "Fisher's Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection Revisited". Theoretical Population Biology. 52 (2): 119–136. doi:10.1006/tpbi.1997.1324. PMID 9356328.
  3. ^ Plutynski, Anya (2006). "What was Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection and what was it for?". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. 37 (1): 59–82. doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2005.12.004.
  4. ^ a b Fisher, R.A. (1930). The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
  5. ^ Edwards, A.W.F. (1994). "The fundamental theorem of natural selection". Biological Reviews. 69 (4): 443–474. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1994.tb01247.x. PMID 7999947. S2CID 10052338.
  6. ^ Kimura, Motoo (1965). "Attainment of quasi-linkage equilibrium when gene frequencies are changing by natural selection". Genetics. 52 (5): 875–890. doi:10.1093/genetics/52.5.875. PMC 1210959. PMID 17248281.
  7. ^ Singh, Rama S.; Krimbas, Costas B. (28 March 2000). Evolutionary Genetics: From molecules to morphology. Cambridge University Press. p. 267. ISBN 978-0-521-57123-4.
  8. ^ Provine, William B. (May 2001). The Origins of Theoretical Population Genetics: With a new afterword. University of Chicago Press. pp. 140–166. ISBN 978-0-226-68464-2.
  9. ^ Price, G.R. (1972). "Fisher's "fundamental theorem" made clear". Annals of Human Genetics. 36 (2): 129–140. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1972.tb00764.x. PMID 4656569. S2CID 20757537.
  10. ^ Bolnick, D.I.; Nosil, P. (2007). "Natural selection in populations subject to a migration load". Evolution. 61 (9): 2229–2243. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00179.x. PMID 17767592.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection.

Read other articles:

2020 NHL Stadium Series

Outdoor National Hockey League game 2020 NHL Stadium Series 123 Total Los Angeles Kings 102 3 Colorado Avalanche 010 1 DateFebruary 15, 2020VenueFalcon StadiumCityColorado Springs, ColoradoAttendance43,574 ← 2019 2022 → The 2020 NHL Stadium Series was an outdoor regular season National Hockey League (NHL) game, part of the Stadium Series of games that took place on February 15, 2020. The game featured the Los Angeles Kings and the Colorado Avalanche at Falcon Stadium, lo...

 

Ordre du Mérite (Liban)

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Ordre du Mérite. Ordre du Mérite Grand cordon de l'ordre du Mérite. Ordre du Mérite Conditions Décerné par Liban Type Ordre honorifique civil comportant 6 classes Décerné pour Services rendus à l'état Libanais Éligibilité Militaires ou civils Détails Statut Toujours décerné Grades Grade extraordinaireGrand cordon1re classe2e classe3e classe4e classe Statistiques Création 16 janvier 1922 Ordre de préséance InférieurOrdre national du Cèdre ...

 

Masu'ot Yitzhak

Moshav in southern Israel Place in Southern, IsraelMasu'ot Yitzhak מְשּׂוּאוֹת יִצְחָק‎مسؤوت اسحاق / مسؤوت يتسحاكHebrew transcription(s) • standardMesu'ot YitzhakMasu'ot YitzhakCoordinates: 31°42′12″N 34°41′22″E / 31.70333°N 34.68944°E / 31.70333; 34.68944CountryIsraelDistrictSouthernCouncilShafirAffiliationHapoel HaMizrachiFounded1945 (in Gush Etzion)1949 (current location)Founded byCentral Euro...

Cae-y-Castell

Football stadium in Flintshire, Wales The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.Find sources: Cae-y-Castell – news · newspap...

 

История христианства в Центральной Азии

ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Раннее христианство Гностическое христианство Вселенские соборы Н...

 

كانتون زيورخ

كانتون زيورخ    علم شعار   الإحداثيات 47°24′47″N 8°39′23″E / 47.413055611111°N 8.6563888888889°E / 47.413055611111; 8.6563888888889   [1] تاريخ التأسيس 1351  تقسيم إداري  البلد سويسرا[2][3]  التقسيم الأعلى سويسرا  العاصمة زيورخ  التقسيمات الإدارية مقاطعة أفولتنمق...

List of parks in New York City

A map showing major greenspaces in New York City: 1) Central Park, 2) Van Cortlandt Park, 3) Bronx Park, 4) Pelham Bay Park, 5) Flushing Meadows Park, 6) Forest Park, 7) Prospect Park, 8) Floyd Bennett Field, 9) Jamaica Bay, A) Jacob Riis Park and Fort Tilden, B) Fort Wadsworth, C) Miller Field, D) Great Kills Park Central Park is the most visited urban park in the United States. A pigeon at Bryant Park This is a list of New York City parks. Three entities manage parks within New York City, ...

 

俄亥俄州

  「俄亥俄」重定向至此。关于其他用法，请见「俄亥俄 (消歧义)」。 俄亥俄州 美國联邦州State of Ohio 州旗州徽綽號：七葉果之州地图中高亮部分为俄亥俄州坐标：38°27'N－41°58'N, 80°32'W－84°49'W国家 美國加入聯邦1803年3月1日，在1953年8月7日追溯頒定（第17个加入联邦）首府哥倫布（及最大城市）政府 • 州长（英语：List of Governors of {{{Name}}}]]） •&...

 

2016年美國總統選舉

2016年美國總統選舉 ← 2012 2016年11月8日 2020 → 538個選舉人團席位獲勝需270票民意調查投票率55.7%[1][2] ▲ 0.8 %   获提名人 唐納·川普 希拉莉·克林頓 政党 共和黨 民主党 家鄉州 紐約州 紐約州 竞选搭档 迈克·彭斯 蒂姆·凱恩 选举人票 304[3][4][註 1] 227[5] 胜出州/省 30 + 緬-2 20 + DC 民選得票 62,984,828[6] 65,853,514[6]...

List of Northwest League stadiums

PK Park built in 2009, home of the Eugene Emeralds. There are six stadiums in use by Northwest League baseball teams. The oldest stadium is Funko Field (1947) in Everett, Washington, home of the Everett AquaSox. The newest stadium is Hillsboro Ballpark (2013) in Hillsboro, Oregon, home of the Hillsboro Hops. One stadium was built in the 1940s, two in the 1950s, and one in each of the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s. The highest seating capacity is 6,803 at Avista Stadium in Spokane, Washington, wher...

 

Chandernagore Municipal Corporation

Local civic body in Chandernagore, West Bengal, India Chandernagore Municipal Corporation চন্দননগর পৌরনিগমSeal of the Chandernagore Municipal CorporationTypeTypeMunicipal Corporation HistoryFounded1994; 30 years ago (1994)LeadershipMayorRam Chakraborty, TMC since 2022 Deputy MayorMunna Agarwal, TMC since 2022 StructureSeats33Political groups Government (31)   TMC: 31 Opposition (2)   CPI(M): 2ElectionsLast election202...

 

1983 in Cambodia

List of events ← 1982 1981 1980 1983 in Cambodia → 1984 1985 1986 Decades: 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s See also:Other events of 1983List of years in Cambodia The following lists events that happened during 1983 in Cambodia. Incumbents President: Heng Samrin Prime Minister: Chan Sy Events This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (May 2020) January February March April May June July August September October November December References vteYears in Cambodia (1953–pres...

Kreta Utsmaniyah

KretaEyālet-i GirītProvinsi (eyalet/vilayet) di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah1646–1898Kreta sebagai bagian dari Kesultanan Utsmaniyah pada tahun 1895Ibu kotaHeraklion (Candia), ChaniaLuas • 1876[2]7.800 km2 (3.000 sq mi)Populasi • 1870[1] 280000• 1876[2] 220000 SejarahSejarah • Didirikan 1646• Traktat Konstantinopel 1898 Didahului oleh Digantikan oleh krjKerajaan Candia Negara Kreta Sekarang bagian dari ...

 

SPARC

RISC instruction set architecture For other uses, see SPARC (disambiguation). SPARCDesignerSun Microsystems (acquired by Oracle Corporation)[1][2]Bits64-bit (32 → 64)Introduced1986; 38 years ago (1986) (production)1987; 37 years ago (1987) (shipments)VersionV9 (1993) / OSA2017DesignRISCTypeLoad–storeEncodingFixedBranchingCondition codeEndiannessBi (Big → Bi)Page size8 KB (4 KB → 8 KB)ExtensionsVIS 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0OpenYes, and royal...

 

Lodi Point State Park

State park in Seneca County, New York Lodi Point State ParkAerial view of Lodi Point State Park and environs from south by southwest, 2013. Lodi Point can be seen near the center of the photo.Location of Lodi Point State Park within New York StateTypeState parkLocationLower Lake Road Lodi, New York[1]Coordinates42°37′5.74″N 76°52′36.75″W / 42.6182611°N 76.8768750°W / 42.6182611; -76.8768750Area12 acres (4.9 ha)[2]Operated byNew Yor...

Cristallo

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Cristallo (disambigua). Disambiguazione – Struttura cristallina rimanda qui. Se stai cercando il significato di sistema cristallino, vedi Sistema cristallino. Cristalli di gallio In mineralogia e cristallografia, un cristallo (dal greco κρύσταλλος, krýstallos, ghiaccio) è una struttura solida costituita da atomi, molecole o ioni aventi una disposizione geometricamente regolare, che si ripete indefinitamente ne...

 

FN FNC

FN FNC Fabrique Nationale Carabine dengan bayonet Jenis Senapan serbu Negara asal Belgia Sejarah pemakaian Digunakan oleh Belgia, Venezuela,Nigeria, Indonesia Sejarah produksi Tahun 1979 Produsen Fabrique Nationale de Herstal Varian Ak 5 (Swedia)SS-1 (Indonesia) Spesifikasi Berat 3,80 kg Panjang 997 mm766 mm (popor dilipat) Panjang laras 450 mm Peluru 5.56 x 45 mm NATO Mekanisme Operasi gas, bolt berputar Rata² tembakan 700 butir/detik Jarak efektif 450 m Amunisi Ma...

 

Hockey su ghiaccio ai XIII Giochi olimpici invernali

Voce principale: XIII Giochi olimpici invernali. 14º torneo olimpico di hockey su ghiaccioLake Placid 1980Informazioni generaliSport Hockey su ghiaccio EdizioneXIII Giochi olimpici invernali Paese ospitante Stati Uniti CittàLake Placid Periododal 12 febbraio 1980 al 24 febbraio 1980 Nazionali 12 Classifica finale Vincitore Stati Uniti  Secondo Unione Sovietica  Terzo Svezia Cronologia della competizione Innsbruck 1976 Sarajevo 1984 Il torneo di hockey su ghiaccio d...

1860 United States presidential election in Minnesota

Main article: 1860 United States presidential election 1860 United States presidential election in Minnesota November 6, 1860 1864 →   Nominee Abraham Lincoln Stephen A. Douglas Party Republican Democratic Home state Illinois Illinois Running mate Hannibal Hamlin Herschel V. Johnson Electoral vote 4 0 Popular vote 22,069 11,920 Percentage 63.44% 34.27% County Results Lincoln   40-50%   50-60%   60-70%   70-80%  ...

 

Tokyo Challenger

Tokyo ChallengerSport Tennis CategoriaATP Challenger Series LuogoTokyo, Giappone SuperficieCemento CadenzaAnnuale DisciplineSingolo e doppio maschile Partecipanti32S/16D StoriaFondazione1981 Soppressione1983 Numero edizioni3 Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Il Tokyo Challenger è stato un torneo professionistico di tennis giocato su campi in cemento. Faceva parte dell'ATP Challenger Series. Si giocava annualmente a Tokyo in Giappone. Indice 1 Albo d'oro 1.1 Singolare 1.2 Doppio 2 Col...