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Ferruginous antbird
	Female in Serra da Cantareira State Park, São Paulo, Brazil
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Thamnophilidae
Genus:	Drymophila
Species:	D. ferruginea
Binomial name
	Drymophila ferruginea; (Temminck, 1822)

The ferruginous antbird (Drymophila ferruginea) is an insectivorous bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is endemic to Brazil.^[2]

Taxonomy and systematics

The ferruginous antbird was described by the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck in 1822 and given the binomial name Myiothera ferruginea.^[3]^[4] It is now placed in genus Drymophila which was introduced by the English naturalist William Swainson in 1824.^[5] The specific epithet is from the Latin ferrugineus, "rusty-colored".^[6]

The ferruginous antbird has no subspecies, but what is now Bertoni's antbird (Drymophila rubricollis) was previously treated as a subspecies of it.^[2]^[7]

Description

The ferruginous antbird is 12 to 13 cm (4.7 to 5.1 in) long and weighs 9.5 to 11.5 g (0.34 to 0.41 oz). Adult males have a black crown, a white supercilium, a wide black band through the eye, and white cheeks with black speckles. Their upperparts are mostly reddish yellow-brown with a (usually hidden) white patch between the scapulars and a rufous rump. Their wings are brownish black with buffish edges on the flight feathers and wide white tips on the coverts. Their tail is black with wide white tips on the feathers. Their chin is white with black speckles; their throat and underparts are rufous. Females are similar to males but are paler, with olive streaks on the crown, rufous tips on the wing coverts, and no white patch between the scapulars. Subadult males resemble adult females with the interscapular patch, wide buff edges on the crown feathers, a buff-tinged supercilium, and paler underparts.^[8]^[9]

Distribution and habitat

The ferruginous antbird is found in southeastern Brazil in an area roughly defined by southeastern Bahia, northeastern Santa Catarina, east-central Minas Gerais, and western São Paulo states. It inhabits stands of bamboo, mostly along the edges of primary evergreen forest. It also inhabits bamboo in secondary woodland, in openings made by fallen trees, and in pure stand-alone patches. It mostly occurs from sea level to 1,200 m (3,900 ft) but is occasionally found as high as 1,600 m (5,200 ft).^[8]^[9]

Behavior

Movement

The ferruginous antbird is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.^[8]

Feeding

The ferruginous antbird feeds mostly on a wide variety of arthropods. It typically forages individually, in pairs, and in family groups, usually within about 10 m (33 ft) of the ground. It often joins mixed-species feeding flocks but is not known to follow army ants. It typically forages at the edges of bamboo patches where the bamboo is tangled with the forest understorey, though also within patches of younger bamboo. It gleans prey from live leaves and stems by reaching, lunging, or making short flights from a perch. It also probes and tears at clusters of dead leaves.^[8]

Breeding

The ferruginous antbird breeds between October and February. The one known nest was a basket made from strands of moss hanging from a fork in a fern leaf only 1 m (3 ft) above the ground. The eggs in it were white with reddish-brown speckles, blotches, and lines. The typical clutch size, incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.^[8]

Songs and calls

Listen to the ferruginous antbird on xeno-canto

Vocalization

The ferruginous antbird's song is a "very high, loud, sharp 'tit-tuweéw' (1 x or 3 x without interval)".^[9] Its calls include a "rich 'chewp' and [a] short, 'chirring' rattle".^[8]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the ferruginous antbird as being of Least Concern. It has a large range; its population size is not known and is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified.^[1] It is considered common across its range and occurs in several large protected areas. "Its ability to utilize second-growth habitats may render it less vulnerable to disturbance than are most other antbirds."^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b BirdLife International (2016). "Ferruginous Antbird Drymophila ferruginea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22701614A93839900. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22701614A93839900.en. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
^ ^a ^b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2024). "Antbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 14.1. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
^ Temminck, Coenraad Jacob (1838) [1822]. Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: F.G. Levrault. Plate 132, Figs. 1 & 2. The 5 volumes were originally issued in 102 parts, 1820-1839
^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1951). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 7. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 209.
^ Swainson, William John (1824). "An inquiry into the natural affinities of the Laniadae, or shrikes; preceded by some observations on the present state of ornithology in this country". Zoological Journal. 1: 289–307 [302].
^ Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
^ Willis, E.O. (1988). Drymophila rubricolis (Bertoni 1901) is a valid species (Aves, Formicariidae). Rev. Bras. Biol.. 48: 431-438.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Zimmer, K. and M.L. Isler (2020). Ferruginous Antbird (Drymophila ferruginea), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.ferant1.01 retrieved June 15, 2024
^ ^a ^b ^c van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 250–251. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7.