Map of Iran during Abbasid Caliphate. Toon (Ferdows), Qaen and Tabas are the cities indicated in Quhistan (Nowadays South Khorasan Province).Ferdows's name on the map 1705 ("Thun")Ferdows's name on the map 1787 ("Toun")Ferdows's name on the map 1814 ("Toon")
Founded by the Medes, Ferdows is currently a city. It was a large and famous city in ancient days. There is an unproven theory that the town's name in ancient days was "Taban" (or shining; تابان in Persian). In Islamic times it became known as Toon or Tūn, a name retained until 1929, when it was changed to Ferdows.
The first people to inhabit Ferdows were traditionally a group of Sagartians. Toon was a famous and thriving city both before and during the Islamic era, until the raid of the Mongols. It was one of the most prominent cities of Ghohestan, along with Qaen; Nasir Khusraw mentioned Toon as a large city in the 11th century. Toon was plundered and destroyed by the Mongols in 1239. After the Mongol invasion, Toon eventually recovered and became one of the major cities of Ghohestan again. Marco Polo mentioned the south Khorasan region as Toonoqaen, apparently in reference to the two largest cities, Toon and Qaen.[6][7]
Ferdows was still a famous and prosperous city in Khorasan at the beginning of the 20th century and the Municipality of Ferdows, originally formed in 1925 (under the name of Toon), was one of the first Municipalities of Khorasan province.[9] But the city was devastated in a huge earthquake in 1968 and significantly declined thereafter.
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 23,405 in 6,538 households.[12] The following census in 2011 counted 25,968 people in 7,316 households.[13] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 28,695 people in 8,749 households.[2]
Geography
Location
Ferdows is on the Plateau of Iran, between a desert region (mainly to the south and west) and a mountainous region (especially to the north and east). Most of villages around Ferdows are situated in the mountainous region to the north and northeast. The nearest town, Eslamieh, lies just 3 km northeast. The city lies on the main route from Kerman, Yazd, Bandar Abbas and other southern cities to Mashhad and hosts more than 6 million pilgrims annually on their way to Mashhad.[14] It is also a nexus of several roads converging from different areas of Iran.
Climate
The climate is mild in the spring, hot in the summer, cool and rainy in autumn, and cold in the winter. Being located near deserts, the temperature difference between day and night, and also between summer and winter, is relatively high. The majority of precipitation occurs from mid-autumn to mid-spring. The hottest month is July (mean minimum temperature 21.8 °C, mean maximum temperature 36.6 °C) and the coldest is January (mean minimum temperature -1 °C, mean maximum temperature 10.3 °C)[15]
The Religious School of Ferdos, once belonging to Safavid dynasty A view of the historic house in Ferdows, Built in the Safavid eraThe entrance to the historical museumHistorical tomb in FerdowsFerdows Hole-in-the-Rock
Major visitor attractions of Ferdows are:
Ferdows Hot Mineral Spring: one of the most important attractions of Ferdows for Iranian and International tourists
It is located in the city of Ferdows, launched by entrepreneur in Iran, Dr. Mohammad Reza Amirhassankhani. He believes in the district of Ferdows with beautiful sightseeing and tourist destinations, investing his money there for many years. The large Complex includes a variety of subsectors:
^Ferdows can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3062926" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
^Adel, Gholam Ali Haddad (c. 2020) [Approved 3 September 1383]. The law of division of Khorasan province into three provinces. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Islamic Council. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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