Euploca is an almost cosmopolitan genus of plants with 168 species.[2][4] It was first described by Thomas Nuttall in 1837.[1][5] While part of the broadly defined Boraginaceae in the APG IV system from 2016,[6] a revision of the order Boraginales from the same year includes Euploca in the separate family Heliotropiaceae.[4] Its species used to be classified in the genera Hilgeria and Schleidenia and in Heliotropium sect. Orthostachys, but were found to form an independent lineage in a molecular phylogenetic analysis, more closely related to Myriopus than to Heliotropium.[3] While many species use the C4 photosynthetic pathway,[7] there are also C3–C4 intermediate species.[8][9] Species have leaves with a C4-typical Kranz anatomy.[3]
^ abcHilger, H.H.; Diane, N. (2003). "A systematic analysis of Heliotropiaceae (Boraginales) based on trnL and ITS1 sequence data". Botanische Jahrbücher. 125 (1): 19–51. doi:10.1127/0006-8152/2003/0125-0019. ISSN0006-8152.
^ abcLuebert, F.; Cecchi, L.; Frohlich, M.W.; Gottschling, M.; Guilliams, C.M.; Hasenstab-Lehman, K.E.; Hilger, H.H.; Miller, J.S.; Mittelbach, M.; Nazaire, M.; Nepi, M.; Nocentini, D.; Ober, D.; Olmstead, R.G.; Selvi, F.; Simpson, M.G.; Sutorý, K.; Valdés, B.; Walden, G.K.; Weigend, M. (2016). "Familial classification of the Boraginales". Taxon. 65 (3): 502–522. doi:10.12705/653.5. hdl:2158/1062790. ISSN0040-0262. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
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