Type of synthetic elastomer
Ethylene propylene rubber (EPR , sometimes called EPM referring to an ASTM standard) is a type of synthetic elastomer that is closely related to EPDM rubber . Since introduction in the 1960s, annual production has increased to 870,000 metric tons . [ 1] [ 2]
The skeletal formula of ethylene propylene rubber. EPR is used in electrical cable insulation, and in many flexible rubber goods such as hoses or weatherstripping.
Properties
EPM is considered a valuable elastomer due to its useful chemical and physical properties ; it is resistant to heat , oxidation , ozone and the weather (owing to its stable, saturated backbone ) and it is also not susceptible to color loss.[ 2] As a non-polar compound, EPM is an electrical insulator and it is insoluble in many polar solvents , both protic and aprotic . Amorphous forms of EPM are flexible at low temperatures (with glass transition points around -60 °C).[ 2] Via selection of certain sulfur compounds EPM can remain heat resistant up to 130 °C and up to 160 °C with peroxide curing . These two tables contain some of the main properties of EPM.[ 2]
Polymer properties
Property Type
EPM Property
Mooney viscosity at 125 °C
5-200
Ethylene content percentage by weight
45-80
Diene content percentage by weight
0-15
Specific gravity
0.855-0.880
Uses
EPM has a large number of uses due to the many ways in which the polymer can be designed, for example; it is used in automotive weather-stripping and seals , self-amalgamating tape , glass run channels , radiators , garden and appliance hoses , tubing , belts , roofing membranes , expansion joints , rubber mechanical goods , plastic impact modification , thermoplastic vulcanisates and motor oil additive applications .
EPM is even more prevalent as an insulator for high-voltage cables (usually referred as HEPR - Hard grade Ethylene Propylene Rubber) since it has improved insulative characteristics over more traditional cables, such as cross-linked polyethylene , enabling a smaller cross sectional area for the same load carrying capacity. The cable is flexible and suited to applications where regular cable movement is required such as in the mining industry .[ 2]
Producers
Major producers and suppliers of EPM include Crompton Corporation , Exxon-Mobil , Dupont , Herdillia , Kumho Polychem , LANXESS , Mitsui Chemicals , ENI Versalis and Sumitomo Chemical .[ 2]
Manufacture
EPM manufacture uses the same monomers as polyethene and polypropene , the ethylene and propylene monomers are randomly combined to yield a rubbery, stable polymer. By varying the monomer ratios and method by which the monomers are combined different forms of EPM can be formed (with a wide range of Mooney viscosities ); ranging from amorphous to semi-crystalline . A third, non-conjugated diene monomer can be terpolymerized in a controlled manner to maintain an unsaturated backbone ready for vulcanization or polymer modification .[ 2]
See also
Francis P. Baldwin received the 1979 Charles Goodyear Medal for the many patents he held for these developments.[citation needed ]
References