Ethnonyms of the Ingush

Ethnonyms of the Ingush are names of Ingush people, including self-names (endonyms) and names used by other ethnic groups to refer to the Ingush (exonyms) throughout the existence of Ingush people from Middle Ages to the modern day.

Endonyms

Main articles: Ghalghaï and Loamaro

Ghalghaï (Ingush: ГIалгIай, [ˈʁəlʁɑj]) is the self-name of the Ingush.[1][2][3][4][5] Some scholars associate it with the ancient Gargareans[6][7][8][9] and Gelaï[10][11][12][13][14] mentioned in the 1st century in the work of the ancient historian and geographer Strabo.

Loamaro (Ingush: Лоамаро) — self-name of the Ingush.[2][15][16][17][18][19][20] Loamaro is composition of Loam (Mountain) and -(a)ro suffix, the word literally translates as "Mountaineer" in Ingush language.[20]

Exonyms

Durdzuks (Georgian: დურძუკები, romanized: durdzuk'ebi), also known as Dzurdzuks — medieval ethnonym of Georgian origin for the Nakh peoples. First mention of Durdzuks can be found in the 7th-century work Geography of Armenia by Anania Shirakatsi as the Dourtsk (Armenian: Դուրծկք).[21][22]

Kistins or Kists (Ingush: кистий, Chechen: кистӀий) — exonym of all Nakh peoples for most of the part,[23] however in some sources, it was used for only the Ingush living in Armkhi Gorge (also called Kistin Gorge).[24]

Gligvi (Georgian: ღლიღვი, romanized: ghlighvi) — medieval ethnonym used in Georgian, Russian and Western European sources in the 16th-19th centuries. The ethnonym corresponds to the self-name of the Ingush - Ghalghaï.[25][26]

Ghilgho (Georgian: ღილღო) — medieval ethnonym used in Georgian sources, specifically by neighbouring Khevsurs, Pshavis and Tushins to refer to the country of the Ghalghaï, mentioned in the works of the first Tsova-Tushin writer Ivan Tsiskarishvili (Tsiskarov), and famous poets Vazha-Pshavela and Gabriel Jabushanuri.[27][28]

Erokhan people — ethnonym mentioned in Russian sources of 16-17th centuries. The ethnonym corresponds to the Dzherakh.[29]

Kalkans (also Kolkans, Kalki, Kolki, Kalkan people) — ethnonym of the Ingush used in Russian sources of the 16th-17th centuries. The ethnonym corresponds to the self-name of the Ingush — Ghalghaï.[30][31]

Ğalğayal — to the Avars. The ethnonym corresponds to the self-name of the Ingush - Ghalghaï.[32]

Ğalğayol — to the Andi people. The ethnonym corresponds to the self-name of the Ingush - Ghalghaï.[32]

Qalghaï — to the Kumyks. The ethnonym corresponds to the self-name of the Ingush - Ghalghaï.[33][34]

Qulgha — to the Ossetians, refers to the country of the Ingush. The ethnonym corresponds to the self-name of the Ingush - Ghalghaï.[35]

Mæqqæl — to the Ossetians, initially referred to neighbouring Ingush clans who lived in the area of Armkhi. The ethnonym derives from the word 'mækhæl' (guard bird) and is linked to the Ingush village Erzi, which translates as 'eagle'.[35]

Ingush (also Ingushevs, Angushi, Angushtins) — to the Kabardins, adapted by Russians in the 18th century. The ethnonym derives from the medieval village Angusht.[32] The term Myshkhysh (Kabardian: Мыщхыш) was also used to refer to the Ingush people.[36]

References

  1. ^ Гюльденштедт 2002, p. 37.
  2. ^ a b Pallas 1811, p. 176.
  3. ^ Klaproth 1814, pp. 5, 9, 57.
  4. ^ Броневский 1823, p. 153:

    "Кисты сами себя называютъ поперемѣнно Кисты, Галга, Ингуши, и одно названіе вмѣсто другаго употребляютъ..."
  5. ^ Робакидзе 1968, pp. 15, 27, 204.
  6. ^ Латышев 1947, pp. 222, 281.
  7. ^ Крупнов 1971, p. 26.
  8. ^ Anchabadze 2001, p. 33.
  9. ^ Mayor 2016, p. 361.
  10. ^ Klaproth 1814, p. 643.
  11. ^ Бутков 1837, p. 10.
  12. ^ Кох 1842, p. 489.
  13. ^ Яновский 1846, p. 201.
  14. ^ Wahl 1875, p. 239.
  15. ^ Klaproth 1814, p. 349.
  16. ^ Бларамберг 2010, p. 312.
  17. ^ Зубов 1835, p. 161.
  18. ^ Марр 1922, p. 33.
  19. ^ Ингуши // Большая советская энциклопедия: в 66 т. (65 т. и 1 доп.) / гл. ред. О. Ю. Шмидт. — М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1926—1947.
  20. ^ a b Робакидзе 1968, p. 15.
  21. ^ Eremian, S. T. (1973). ""Աշխարհացոյցի" սկզբնական բնագրի վերականգնման փորձ" [An Attempt at Restoring the Original Text of "Aškharhacoyc"]. Patma-Banasirakan Handes. 2: 270 – via Pan-Armenian Digital Library.
  22. ^ Anchabadze 2001, p. 21.
  23. ^ Робакидзе 1968, pp. 16–17.
  24. ^ Робакидзе 1968, pp. 17–18.
  25. ^ Klaproth 1814, p. 9.
  26. ^ Волкова 1973, pp. 158–159.
  27. ^ Цискаров, И. Д. (1846). "Картина Тушетии". Кавказ (in Russian). No. 50. Тифлис.
  28. ^ Пшавела, Важа (1957). "Алуда Кетелаури". Стихотворения и поэмы. Ленинград: Советский писатель. p. 314.
  29. ^ Кушева 1963, pp. 62, 64, 66.
  30. ^ Волкова 1973, p. 154.
  31. ^ Богуславский 2004, p. 538.
  32. ^ a b c Волкова 1973, p. 173.
  33. ^ Далгат 1934, p. 6.
  34. ^ "Кумыкский язык (словарь)" [Kumyk language (dictionary)] (in Kumyk and Russian).
  35. ^ a b Калоев 1999, p. 92.
  36. ^ М.Л. Апажев; Н.А. Багов (July 2013). Кабардинско-русский словарь (in Kabardian and Russian). Рипол Классик. p. 272. ISBN 978-5-458-50543-7.

Bibliography