Estoire d'Eracles

The emperor Heraclius carrying the True Cross into Jerusalem, from British Library MS Royal 15 E. i (15th century).

The Estoire d'Eracles ("History of Heraclius") is an anonymous Old French translation and continuation of the Latin History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea by William of Tyre. It begins with recapture of Jerusalem by the Roman emperor Heraclius in AD 630, from which it takes its name, and continues down to 1184. The continuation recounts the history of the Crusader states from Saladin's capture of Jerusalem in 1187 down to 1277.[1]

The translation was made between 1205 and 1234, possibly in Western Europe. Several times the text of the translation was changed and the manuscripts preserve different versions of William's text. The continuations were added to the translation between 1220 and 1277. There are two different versions of the first continuation, covering the years 1185–1225. Both reflect the political attitudes of the Crusader aristocracy. There are 49 surviving manuscripts of the Eracles. Of these, 44 contain a first continuation drawn from the Chronicle of Ernoul and five (the so-called Colbert–Fontainebleau manuscripts) contain a different version. Twelve of the manuscripts contain a unique continuation for the years 1229–1261 drawn from the independent work known as the Rothelin Continuation.[1]

The continuations of the Eracles have varying historical value. The translation itself, insofar as it differs from the original, is of no historical value as an independent source. The Ernoul continuation is an invaluable source for the period from 1187 until 1204, including the fall of Jerusalem, the reign of Conrad of Montferrat, the establishment of the Kingdom of Cyprus, the Third Crusade and the Byzantine Empire down to the Fourth Crusade.[2]

Although the Eracles has been published twice from different manuscripts versions, there has been no critical edition based on all the manuscripts.[1]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Nicholson 2006.
  2. ^ McCormick 1991.

Bibliography

  • Edbury, Peter W. (2015). "Ernoul, Eracles and the Beginnings of Frankish Rule in Cyprus, 1191–1232". In Sabine Rogge; Michael Grünbart (eds.). Medieval Cyprus: A Place of Cultural Encounter. Waxmann Verlag. pp. 29–52.
  • Edbury, Peter W. (2016). "New Perspectives on the Old French Continuations of William of Tyre". Crusades. 9: 119–126.
  • Edbury, Peter W. (2017). "Ernoul, Eracles and the Fifth Crusade". In E. J. Mylod; Guy Perry; Thomas W. Smith; Jan Vandeburie (eds.). The Fifth Crusade in Context: The Crusading Movement in the Early Thirteenth Century. Routledge. pp. 163–199.
  • Handyside, Philip D. (2015). The Old French William of Tyre. Brill.
  • McCormick, Michael (1991). "Estoire D'eracles". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
  • Morgan, Margaret Ruth, ed. (1973). The Chronicle of Ernoul and the Continuations of William of Tyre. Oxford University Press.
  • Nicholson, Helen (2006). "Eracles". In Alan V. Murray (ed.). The Crusades: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 4 vols. ABC-CLIO. vol. 2, p. 405.
  • Shirley, Janet, ed. (2016) [1999]. Crusader Syria in the Thirteenth Century: The Rothelin Continuation of the History of William of Tyre with Part of the Eracles or Acre Text. Routledge [Ashgate].

Read other articles:

Joseph John Thomson

Foto Yayasan Nobel (1906) Joseph John Thomson (1856-1940) ialah seorang ilmuwan yang lahir di Cheetham Hill, di mana ia diangkat sebagai profesor fisika eksperimental sejak 1884. Penelitiannya membuahkan penemuan elektron. Thomson mengetahui bahwa gas mampu menghantar listrik. Ia menjadi perintis ilmu fisika nuklir. Thomson memenangkan Hadiah Nobel Fisika pada tahun 1906. Biografi Joseph John Thomson lahir di Creetham Hill, pinggiran kota Manchester pada tanggal 18 Desember 1856. Dia mendafta...

 

Statue of George Whitefield

Statue by R. Tait McKenzie The Reverend George WhitefieldThe statue in 201639°57′1.5″N 75°11′50.5″W / 39.950417°N 75.197361°W / 39.950417; -75.197361LocationUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United StatesDesignerR. Tait McKenzieTypeStatueMaterialBronzeConcreteLimestoneStoneLength2 feet (0.61 m)Width3.5 feet (1.1 m)Height185.5 inches (4.71 m)Beginning date1917Completion date1918Dedicated dateJune 15, 1919De...

 

Человек прямоходящий

† Человек прямоходящий Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:Синапсиды�...

Benteng Frederik Hendrik

Koordinat: 6°10′14″S 106°49′52″E / 6.170422°S 106.831162°E / -6.170422; 106.831162 Benteng Prins Hendrik di Weltevreden Benteng Prins Frederik, adalah sebuah fortifikasi yang dibangun pada tahun 1837 oleh pemerintah Belanda di Batavia (kini Jakarta), Hindia Belanda (kini Indonesia). Benteng ini terletak di Taman Wilhelmina, yang kemudian dihancurkan sekitar tahun 1961 dan digantikan oleh Masjid Istiqlal. Masyarakat setempat biasa menyebut benteng ini sebaga...

 

ソー (オー＝ド＝セーヌ県)

Sceaux 行政国 フランス地域圏 (Région) イル＝ド＝フランス地域圏県 (département) オー＝ド＝セーヌ県郡 (arrondissement) アントニー郡小郡 (canton) 小郡庁所在地INSEEコード 92071郵便番号 92330市長（任期） フィリップ・ローラン（2008年-2014年）自治体間連合 (fr) メトロポール・デュ・グラン・パリ人口動態人口 19,679人（2007年）人口密度 5466人/km2住民の呼称 Scéens地理座標 北緯48度4...

 

František Kaberle

Czech ice hockey player Ice hockey player František Kaberle Kaberle with the Carolina Hurricanes in 2008Born (1973-11-08) November 8, 1973 (age 50)Kladno, CzechoslovakiaHeight 6 ft 1 in (185 cm)Weight 190 lb (86 kg; 13 st 8 lb)Position DefenceShot LeftPlayed for HC KladnoModo HockeyLos Angeles KingsAtlanta ThrashersCarolina HurricanesHC PardubiceHC PlzeňNational team  Czechoslovakia and Czech RepublicNHL draft 76th overall, 1999Los Ange...

Sittin' on Top of the World (Burna Boy song)

2023 single by Burna Boy Sittin' on Top of the WorldSingle by Burna Boyfrom the album I Told Them... Released1 June 2023Length2:39LabelAtlanticSpaceshipBad HabitSongwriter(s)Damini Ebunoluwa OguluFred Jerkins IIIIsaac PhillipsLaShawn DanielsMason BethaMatthieu Le CarpentierNycolia Tye-V TurmanRodney JerkinsTraci HaleProducer(s)SkreadBurna Boy singles chronology Mera Na (2023) Sittin' on Top of the World (2023) Sittin' on Top of the World (Remix) (2023) Music videoSittin' on Top of the World (...

 

Transatlantico

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Transatlantico (disambigua). Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento marina non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. L'Andrea Doria, famoso transatlantico italiano affondato nel 1956 a seguito della collisione con il transatlantico svedese S...

 

Mary S. Young State Recreation Area

Mary S. Young ParkTypePublic, cityLocationWest Linn, Clackamas County, OregonCoordinates45°22′22″N 122°37′05″W / 45.3728982°N 122.6181477°W / 45.3728982; -122.6181477[1]Operated byWest Linn Parks and Recreation The entrance reflects the park's established roots. The sports field is large enough for several soccer fields. This picnic shelter may be reserved. Other picnic tables are scattered among the trees. Mary S. Young Park is a city park in ...

Polokwane City F.C.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Polokwane City F.C. – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Association football club Football clubPolokwane City F.C.Full namePolokwane City Football ClubFounded2012; 12 years ago...

 

Agenda Melayu

UMNO, partai yang dianggap mengusung Agenda Melayu di Malaysia Agenda Melayu adalah sebuah konsep dalam perpolitikan Malaysia yang berkaitan erat dengan gagasan Ketuanan Melayu. Meskipun Agenda Melayu tidak begitu kentara dalam diskusi publik selama sebagian besar abad ke-20, gagasan ini kembali mengemuka pada permulaan 2000-an karena penggunaannya dalam wacana beberapa politikus dari Organisasi Nasional Melayu Bersatu (UMNO), salah satu partai politik besar di Malaysia. Agenda Melayu terkait...

 

Pajak pertambahan nilai

Konten dan perspektif penulisan artikel ini tidak menggambarkan wawasan global pada subjeknya. Silakan bantu mengembangkan atau bicarakan artikel ini di halaman pembicaraannya, atau buat artikel baru, bila perlu. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Artikel ini sudah memiliki referensi, tetapi tidak disertai kutipan yang cukup. Anda dapat membantu mengembangkan artikel ini dengan menambahkan lebih banyak kutipan pada teks artikel. (April 2009) (Pelajari cara dan...

Cinema of West Bengal

Indian Bengali language film industry based in West Bengal Not to be confused with Telugu cinema, also called Tollywood. This article is about Cinema in West Bengal, India. For Bengali cinema in Bangladesh, see Cinema of Bangladesh. TollywoodNo. of screens352 screens in West Bengal (2022)[1]Main distributorsSVFEskay MoviesSurinder FilmsGrassroot EntertainmentDev Entertainment VenturesWindows ProductionBengal TalkiesFriends CommunicationCamellia ProductionsRoadshow FilmsProduced featur...

 

Aéroport de Shannon

Aéroport de ShannonAerfort na SionainneShannon Airport Localisation Pays Irlande Ville Limerick (Comté de Clare) Coordonnées 52° 42′ 00″ nord, 8° 55′ 14″ ouest Altitude 14 m (46 ft) Informations aéronautiques Code IATA SNN Code OACI EINN Type d'aéroport Commercial Gestionnaire Dublin Airport Authority Site web gestionnaire Consulter Site web aéroport Consulter Pistes Direction Longueur Surface 06/24 3 200 m (10 499 ft) asphalte Géoloca...

 

بومبوانغ دوانجان

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يناير 2019) بومبوانغ دوانجان (بالتايلندية: พุ่มพวง ดวงจันทร์)‏، و(بالتايلندية: รำพึง จิตรหาญ)‏  معلومات شخصية الميلاد 4 أغسطس 1961   الوفاة 13 يونيو 1992 ...

Bobby Fischer

Bobby FischerBobby Fischer (1960) di Leipzig.Nama lengkapRobert James FischerAsal negara Amerika SerikatGelarGrandmasterJuara Dunia1972-1975 (FIDE)Rating tertinggi2785 (Juli 1972) Robert James Bobby Fischer (9 Maret 1943 – 18 Januari 2008) adalah pemain catur kelahiran Amerika Serikat yang pada akhir hayat bertempat tinggal dan menjadi warga negara Islandia. Ia adalah satu-satunya pecatur kelahiran AS yang pernah menjadi Juara Catur Dunia (1972-1975). ...

 

Old Operating Theatre Museum and Herb Garret

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Old Operating Theatre Museum and Herb Garret – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Medical museum in London, EnglandThe Old Operating Theatre Museum & Herb GarretThe interior of the old oper...

 

Maisie Williams

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando la cantante britannica, vedi Maizie Williams. Maisie Williams al San Diego Comic-Con International 2019 Margaret Constance Williams, detta Maisie (Bristol, 15 aprile 1997), è un'attrice britannica, nota soprattutto per il ruolo di Arya Stark nella serie HBO Il Trono di Spade[1]. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Filmografia 2.1 Attrice 2.1.1 Cinema 2.1.2 Televisione 2.1.3 Videoclip 2.2 Doppiatrice 3 Riconoscimenti 4 Doppiatrici italiane 5 Note 6 Altri progett...

Steven Roman

American mathematician Steven Roman is a mathematician, currently Emeritus Professor of Mathematics at California State University, Fullerton and Visiting Professor of Mathematics at University of California, Irvine. He is one of the main developers of umbral calculus. He has written about 40 books on mathematics and computer programming. Professor Roman's books have been translated into Portuguese, French, Korean, Chinese, Russian, Polish, Bulgarian, Czech and Spanish. Computer programming b...

 

2024 French farmers' protests

2024 civil unrest in France You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (January 2024) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the French article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated ...