Esperanto has been used in Hungary since its construction in the late-19th century. It saw notable use through the 20th century, though it was suppressed by Nazi and Communist governments in the 1940s and 1950s.
Hungary was an early adopter of Esperanto, with some of the original Esperantists residing in Austria-Hungary in the late-19th century.[1] In 1913, it was reported that a police officer in Székesfehérvár broke up an Esperantist meeting an account of it being a "thieves' language".[2] During the brief period of the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919, many Esperantist groups supported the Communist government. Esperantist Rezső Rajczi was killed during the fall of the government and has been described as "the only known martyr for Esperanto in Hungary". The succeeding Kingdom of Hungary often restricted the use of Esperanto due to its associations with Communism in the country.[3]
Hungary became a notable region in the Esperanto community when the Esperanto periodical Literatura Mondo was founded in Budapest by Tivadar Soros in 1922.[4][5] Other notable Esperantists in Hungary at this time included linguist Géza Bárczi that wrote in Esperanto and actor Julio Baghy that learned Esperanto in 1911 and became an Esperantist writer while a prisoner-of-war in Siberia during World War I.[6][7] A schism developed between the leftist and neutral factions of Esperantists in the 1930s, with leftist Esperantists founding the Hungarian Esperanto Federation in opposition to the politically neutral Esperanto Society of Hungary. During World War II, the presence of these groups was condemned by the Nazis, as both protected Esperantist Jews. The Esperantist community was targeted by the Nazis when they gained control of Hungary.[8]
In 1948, instruction of Esperanto was permitted in public schools, and the spread of Esperanto was broadly supported by the government.[9] As the influence of Stalinism spread in eastern and central Europe, the use of Esperanto was suppressed. The Literatura Mondo was shut down in 1949, and the Esperanto Society of Hungary was shut down in 1950.[10][11] Esperanto was restricted in Hungary both legally and socially, with Esperantists seen as opposed to the Communist Party.[12]
Following Stalin's death, a significant increase of Esperantist literature and poetry occurred in the 1950s and 1960s, including that of Hungarian poets such as Imre Baranyai and Lajos Tárkony.[13] Linguist Vilmos Benczik learned Esperanto in 1959 and helped to revive it in Hungary.[14] Sándor Szathmári contributed to Esperantist science fiction during this time.[15] New Esperanto groups also formed in Hungary. The Esperanto Council of Hungary was founded in 1955 and recognized by the Ministry of Education in 1956, while the Hungarian Esperanto Association was founded in 1960 and the Hungara Vivo began publication in 1961.[16] Bertalan Farkas became the first Esperantist to go to space in 1980.
Of the first thousand recorded Esperantists, 19 were located in Austria-Hungary. Only four Esperantists were recorded in the kingdom by the 1890s, though the number increased to 211 by 1904. By 1928, the number of Esperanto speakers in Hungary had increased to 3,052 among 47 different Esperanto groups.[1] In 1966, the World Esperanto Congress had 3,975 members in Budapest, more than most other cities surveyed.[17] In 1979, the Universal Esperanto Association had 3,237 members in Hungary.[18]
Der Zähringerbrunnen, im Hintergrund der Zytglogge-Turm Die Brunnenfigur Der Zähringerbrunnen steht in der Kramgasse in der Altstadt der Stadt Bern und gehört zu den Berner Altstadtbrunnen aus dem 16. Jahrhundert. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Geschichte 2 Trinkwasser 3 Literatur 4 Siehe auch 5 Weblinks 6 Einzelnachweise und Anmerkungen Geschichte Er wurde 1535 von Hans Hiltprand[1] errichtet und steht unterhalb des Zytglogge-Turms. Der heutige Name des Brunnens kam erst im 19. Jahrhundert auf…
Cet article est une ébauche concernant les ponts. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Pont de la Première-Armée-Française Géographie Pays France Région Île-de-France Département Essonne Commune Juvisy-sur-Orge / Draveil Coordonnées géographiques 48° 41′ 21″ N, 2° 23′ 17″ E Fonction Franchit Seine Fonction Pont routier Caractéristiques techniques Longueur…
1978 film by Frank Pierson This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: King of the Gypsies film – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) King of the GypsiesTheatrical release poster by Sanford KossinDirected byFrank PiersonWritten by …
Futbolistas argentinas homenajeadas en el Senado de la Nación por su participación en el Mundial Femenino de 1971.[1] El Día de la Futbolista se celebra el 21 de agosto en Argentina y tiene su origen en los cuatro goles convertidos por Elba Selva el 21 de agosto de 1971 contra Inglaterra, en el primer mundial que jugó la selección femenina de fútbol de Argentina en el Estadio Azteca de México.[2][3][4] El encuentro fue parte del II Campeonato Mundial de Fútbol…
Hüpstedt Stadt und Landgemeinde Dingelstädt Koordinaten: 51° 20′ N, 10° 27′ O51.32611111111110.443055555556453Koordinaten: 51° 19′ 34″ N, 10° 26′ 35″ O Höhe: 453 m ü. NN Einwohner: 1550 (2009) Eingemeindung: 1. Januar 1994 Eingemeindet nach: Dünwald Postleitzahl: 37351 Vorwahl: 036076 Blick über den OrtBlick über den Ort Hüpstedt ist ein Dorf im Obereichsfeld und zugleich Ortsteil der Stadt und Lan…
п о р Населені пункти Броварського районуМіста Березань • БровариСмт Баришівка • Велика Димерка • Згурівка • Калинівка • КалитаСела Аркадіївка • Бакумівка • Безуглівка • Бервиця • Бзів • Бобрик • Богданівка • Борщів • Великий Крупіль • Веселинівка • Вільне • Віль
StarmanLagu oleh David Bowiedari album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from MarsSisi-BSuffragette CityDirilis28 April 1972 (1972-04-28)Format7 singleDirekamTrident Studios, London4 February 1972GenreGlam rockDurasi4:16LabelRCA 2199PenciptaDavid BowieProduserDavid Bowie dan Ken Scott Starman adalah lagu David Bowie yang direkam tanggal 4 Februari 1972[1] dan dirilis dalam bentuk singel pada bulan April. Lagu ini adalah tambahan terbaru untuk album The Rise and Fal…
Ardenwald axe murdersFrom left to right: William Hill, Ruth Hill, Philip Rintoul, and Dorothy RintoulDateJune 9, 1911 (1911-06-09)Time12:45 a.m. PTLocationArdenwald, Oregon, U.S.TypeMass murderOutcomeUnsolvedDeaths William Hill, aged 32 Ruth Cowing Hill, aged 33 Philip Rintoul, aged 8 Dorothy Rintoul, aged 5 The Ardenwald axe murders is an unsolved mass murder that occurred in the early morning of June 9, 1911, in Ardenwald, Oregon, United States, then a neighboring community of P…
Kasachstan Kasachische Botschaft in Berlin Logo Staatliche Ebene bilateral Stellung der Behörde Botschaft Aufsichtsbehörde(n) Außenministerium der Republik Kasachstan Hauptsitz Deutschland Berlin Botschafter Nurlan Onschanow Mitarbeiter 6 Website mfa.gov.kz/de/Berlin Botschaft in der Nordendstraße 14–17 Die kasachische Botschaft in Berlin (offiziell Botschaft der Republik Kasachstan in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, kasachisch Қазақстан Республикасының …
The bridge at Bridge of Muchalls Bridge of Muchalls is an entirely residential hamlet in Aberdeenshire, Scotland by the North Sea.[1] It is on the A90 dual carriageway about three miles north of Stonehaven and to the south of Muchalls Castle. This small hamlet is known for its picturesque access to the rugged North Sea coastline at Muchalls Beach.[2] The Burn of Muchalls is a stream that flows east through the Bridge of Muchalls before passing under the A90 roadway and thence to …
Umowa Sykes–Picot Data 3?/16 maja 1916 Wynik podział Bliskiego Wschodu na brytyjską i francuską strefę wpływów Przyczyna trwająca I wojna światowa i przewidywany upadek Imperium Osmańskiego Strony traktatu Wielka Brytania Francja Przywódcy Mark Sykes François Georges-Picot Treść uzgodnień opublikowana w Manchester Guardian 26.XI.1917, po ujawnieniu ich przez Lwa Trockiego, komisarza ludowego spraw zagranicznych Rosji Sowieckiej Umowa Sykes-Picot – tajne po…
American politician Leroy GarciaPresident of the Colorado SenateIn officeJanuary 4, 2019 – February 22, 2022Preceded byKevin GranthamSucceeded bySteve FenbergMinority Leader of the Colorado SenateIn officeMarch 22, 2018 – January 4, 2019Preceded byLucía GuzmánSucceeded byChris HolbertMember of the Colorado Senatefrom the 3rd districtIn officeJanuary 7, 2015 – February 23, 2022Preceded byGeorge RiveraSucceeded byNick HinrichsenMember of the Colorado House…
2017 Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500 Race details[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Race 2 of 36 in the 2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Date March 4, 2017 (2017-03-04)Location Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton, GeorgiaCourse Permanent racing facility1.54 mi (2.48 km)Distance 325 laps, 500.5 mi (806 km)Average speed 140.898 mph (226.753 km/h)Pole positionDriver Kevin Harvick Stewart-Haas RacingTime 29.118M…
Railway station in Huzhou, Zhejiang Anji安吉General informationLocationAnji County, Huzhou, ZhejiangChinaCoordinates30°49′06″N 119°36′21″E / 30.818318°N 119.605696°E / 30.818318; 119.605696Line(s)Shangqiu–Hangzhou high-speed railwayPlatforms3HistoryOpened28 June 2020 (2020-06-28) Anji railway station (Chinese: 安吉站) is a railway station in Anji County, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China. The station has one side platform, one island platform, …
For the Shintetsu Line station in Hyogo Prefecture, see Ebisu Station (Hyōgo).Railway and metro station in Tokyo, Japan Ebisu Station恵比寿駅Statue outside Ebisu stationJapanese nameShinjitai恵比寿駅Kyūjitai惠比壽驛Hiraganaえびすえき General informationLocation1-chome Ebisu-Minami, Shibuya City, TokyoJapanCoordinates35°38′48″N 139°42′36″E / 35.646643°N 139.710045°E / 35.646643; 139.710045Operated by JR East Tokyo Metro LocationEbisu Station …
Philippine television series Little StarTitle cardGenre Drama Musical Directed byMaryo J. de los ReyesStarring Jennylyn Mercado Mark Anthony Fernandez Paolo Contis Lovi Poe Nicky Castro Opening themeLittle Star by Ciara SottoComposerTito SottoCountry of originPhilippinesOriginal languageTagalogNo. of episodes80ProductionExecutive producerMona Coles-MayugaCamera setupMultiple-camera setupRunning time30–45 minutesProduction companyTAPE Inc.Original releaseNetworkGMA NetworkReleaseOctober 25, 201…
This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: International House London – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) International House LondonInternational House entranceTypeLanguage schoolEstablished1957Students8,000Location16 Stukeley Street, London, UK WC2B 5LQ51°30′57″N 0°0…
Moldovan footballer Radu Gînsari Gînsari with Moldova in 2015Personal informationDate of birth (1991-12-10) 10 December 1991 (age 31)Place of birth Chișinău, MoldovaHeight 1.82 m (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in)Position(s) Winger, MidfielderTeam informationCurrent team Milsami OrheiNumber 15Youth career CSCT BuiucaniSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2007–2013 FC Academia Chişinău 124 (35)2013–2014 Zimbru Chișinău 23 (6)2014–2017 Sheriff Tiraspol 63 (13)2017–2019 Hapoel…
Arcen GamesTypeLLCIndustryVideo gamesFounded2009HeadquartersUnited StatesKey peopleChris McElligott ParkPablo VegaKeith LaMotheDaniette ShinkleProductsAI War: Fleet CommandTidalisA Valley Without Wind 1&2Shattered HavenSkyward CollapseBionic DuesThe Last FederationStars Beyond ReachStarward RogueIn Case of Emergency, Release RaptorAI War 2Number of employees1 (2019)[1]3 (2016)[2][3]6 (2015)[4]2 (2009)[5]Websitewww.arcengames.com Arcen Games is a small …
дзонгхагМонгардзонг-кэ མོང་སྒར་རྫོང་ཁག་ 27°10′ с. ш. 91°10′ в. д.HGЯO Страна Бутан Включает 17 гевогов Адм. центр Монгар История и география Площадь 1 638 км² (13-е место) Высота 1,6 м Часовой пояс UTC+6:00 Население Население 37 069 чел. (2005) (7-е место) Плотнос…
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