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Ernulf
Ernulf
Bishop of Rochester
Appointed	28 September 1114
Term ended	15 March 1124
Predecessor	Ralph d'Escures
Successor	John
Other post(s)	Prior of Christ Church, Canterbury; Abbot of Peterborough;
Orders
Consecration	26 December 1115
Personal details
Born	1040; Beauvais
Died	15 March 1124 (aged 83–84)
Denomination	Catholic

Ernulf (1040 – 15 March 1124) was a French Benedictine monk who became prior of Christ Church in Canterbury, abbot of Peterborough, and bishop of Rochester in England. A jurist and an architect as well, he was responsible for greatly expanding Canterbury Cathedral during his time there.

Life

Ernulf was born in 1040 in Beauvais, France. He studied under Lanfranc at the monastery of Bec, entered the Benedictine Order, and lived at the monastery of St-Lucien [Wikidata], Beauvais. At the suggestion of Lanfranc, he went to England some time after 1070 and joined the monks of Canterbury.^[1] He studied under Ivo of Chartres and was considered an expert on canon law.^[2]^[3]

Ernulf was made prior by Archbishop Anselm in 1096 and began the expansion of Lanfranc's rebuilt Canterbury Cathedral, taking down the eastern part of the church which Lanfranc had built and erecting a far more magnificent structure. This included the famous crypt (Our Lady of the Undercroft), as far as Trinity Tower. The chancel was finished by his successor Conrad. The chapel of St. Andrew is also part of Ernulf's work. In 1107, he was made Abbot of Peterborough,^[1] where he was one of the teachers of Hugh Candidus.^[4] On 28 September 1114, he was invested as bishop of Rochester by Ralph d'Escures, the archbishop of Canterbury.^[5] He was consecrated on 26 December 1115.^[6] At Peterborough and Rochester, Ernulf had the old buildings torn down and erected new dormitories, refectories, chapter houses, etc.

Ernulf is associated with the production of the Textus Roffensis (a large collection of documents relating to the early Church of Rochester which also included the early Kentish law code attributed to King Aethelberht); "Collectanea de rebus eccl. Ruffensis".^[2]^[7] The collection reflects his interest in and sympathy towards pre-Conquest traditions apparent elsewhere. Aspects of Anglo-Saxon liturgical practice were revived at Canterbury and he may also have influenced the restoration of the shrines and altars to Anglo-Saxon saints to their former prominence during the development of the Cathedral. His abbacy at Peterborough additionally seems to have coincided with renewed interest in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle there.^[8] He also authored several canonical and theological treatises.

Ernulf died on 15 March 1124.^[6]

Citations

^ ^a ^b Greenway "Priors of Canterbury" pp. 8–12
^ ^a ^b Williams English and the Norman Conquest p. 156
^ Thomas Poole, Ernulf, in the Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 5, Robert Appleton Company, New York, 1909 on line at http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05524b.htm
^ Tout, Thomas (1891). "Hugh (fl.1107?-1155?)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 28. p. 163.
^ Greenway "ROCHESTER: Bishops" pp. 75–78
^ ^a ^b Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 267
^ In Patrologia Latina, CLXIII, 1443 sqq.
^ Southern St Anselm pp. 322–323

References

Tout, Thomas (1891). "Hugh (fl.1107?-1155?)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 28. p. 163.
Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
Greenway, D. E., ed. (1971). "ROCHESTER: Bishops". Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300. Vol. 2. London: Institute of Historical Research. ISBN 0485171147. Retrieved 22 March 2021 – via British History Online.
- —, ed. (1971). "Priors of Canterbury". Priors of Canterbury | British History Online.
Southern, R. W. (1993). St Anselm: A Portrait in a Landscape. Cambridge.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Williams, Ann (2000). The English and the Norman Conquest. Ipswich: Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-708-4.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Poole, Thomas H. (1909). "Ernulf". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company.