Nesterenko played five years with the Toronto Maple Leafs before being traded to the Blackhawks for cash.[4][5] He played 16 years with the Blackhawks from 1956 to 1972 for a total of 1,013 games which ranks seventh in team history.[4] Nesterenko was known as a superb penalty killer and was given the nickname of “Elbows".[4] In both 1965 and 1967, he led the league in shorthanded goals.[5]
Nesterenko was an NHL All-Star in 1961 and 1965,[4] and was a key part of 1961 Stanley Cup championship.[4][5] He also made 12 other playoff appearances with the Blackhawks.[4]
Nesterenko was better known for speed on the ice than for goal-scoring. Chicago Tribune columnist Bob Markus commented, "I've always thought that Nesterenko would have been the greatest player of all time if they played the game without a puck."[6] Nesterenko had 495 points (207 goals along with 288 assists) and 1,014 penalty minutes while playing for the Blackhawks.[4][5] He had a total of 250 goals and 324 assists during his NHL career.[citation needed]
During one game in 1961, Nesterenko infamously attacked Willie O'Ree, the first Black player in the NHL, with racial slurs and butt-ended O'Ree with his hockey stick, breaking O'Ree's nose and knocking out his front teeth. O'Ree retaliated with his stick and Nesterenko required 15 stitches in his head.[8][9] During the next game that Nesterenko and O'Ree played, Nesterenko slashed O'Ree's ankles. Nesterenko never apologized to O'Ree, despite having an opportunity 30 years later when they met at an all-star game. O'Ree later named Nesterenko and described the incidents in his autobiography.[9]