Chowdhury joined the Pakistan Civil Service in 1960.[4] He was the Joint Secretary of the Ministry of Commerce in 1972 and 1973.[6][7] He was the Director General of the Export Promotion Bureau in 1974.[8]
Chowdhury served as the Chairman of the Privatization Commission.[4] He was injured in a crash of Bangladesh Biman Airlines flight BG-601 in 2004 at Osmani International Airport.[10] By 2005, he had privatized 26 state owned enterprises and planned to privatize 16 more.[11] He held road shows in Dubai, Karachi, Kualalampur, and Mumbai in an attempt to sale the state-owned Rupali Bank.[12] He supported the elections held by chief advisor Latifur Rahman which returned the Bangladesh Nationalist Party to power.[4] He was the convenor of Foreign Affairs Committee of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party.[13] On 18 July 2006, his supporters and supporters of Syed Makbul Hossain, member of parliament, clashed resutling in the death of one Bangladesh Jatiyatabadi Chhatra Dal activist.[14]
In 2007, Chowdhury was a delegate of a conference on Champaran Satyagraha organized by the Indian National Congress.[15] Other delegates from Bangladesh included Muhammad Yunus, Dipu Moni, and Reaz Rahman.[15] During the Fakruddin Ahmed led caretaker government he had sided with Abdul Mannan Bhuiyan led reform faction of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party.[16]
Chowdhury met with Marcia Bernicat, the United States ambassador to Bangladesh, along with a delegation of Bangladesh Nationalist Party in May 2016 along with Abdul Moeen Khan.[22]
In 2018, Chowdhury joined the Awami League and presented flowers to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina at the Ganabhaban.[4][13] He resigned from the post of vice-chairman of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party and advisor to former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia.[13][23] He had sought the nomination of Bangladesh Nationalist Party from Sylhet-1 for the 11th Jatiya Sangsad election but the party had chosen to nominate Khandaker Abdul Muktadir, advisor to Khaleda Zia.[13][24][25] He was appointed advisor to the Awami League.[25] Sheikh Hasina would later claim Chowdhury and Morshed Khan were denied the nomination by Bangladesh Nationalist Party for not providing kickbacks to Tarique Rahman.[26][27]