^Collin, J.E. (1937). "Some Empididae (Diptera) from Syria and Asia Minor. Part 1". Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B. 6 (7): 135–144.
^ abCollin, J.E. (1961). British Flies VI: Empididae Part 2: Hybotinae, Empidinae (except Hilara). Vol. 4. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. p. 329.