Elizabeth Carraway Howland

Elizabeth Carraway Howland (November 20, 1816 – July 11, 1886; also Harland or Holland) was a Confederate spy during the American Civil War.[1][2][3][4]

Union soldiers captured her town of New Bern, North Carolina. She made useful medicine for captured Confederate soldiers and helped Confederates smuggle food.[5]

References

  1. ^ "Obituaries". Raleigh Christian Advocate. September 15, 1886. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
  2. ^ Nussel, Jill M. (2008). "Separate Spheres". In Frank, Lisa Tendrich (ed.). Women in the American Civil War. ABC-Clio. p. 494. ISBN 978-1-85109-600-8.
  3. ^ Simkins, Francis Butler; Patton, James Welch (1936). The Women of the Confederacy. Garrett and Massie. p. 78. OCLC 560467248.
  4. ^ Anderson, Lucy London (1926). North Carolina Women of the Confederacy. Cumberland Printing Co. p. 18. OCLC 1049904333.
  5. ^ Jill, Canon. Civil War Heroines. Santa Barbara, CA: Bellerphon Books, 2000.
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