^ abcdefEli Turner at the English National Football Archive (subscription required)
^"Optimists of the North. Crewe Alexandra". Athletic News. Manchester. 6 August 1923. p. 6.
^Joyce, Michael (2004). Football League Players' Records 1888 to 1939. SoccerData. ISBN1-899468-67-6.
^Matthews, Tony (1994). The Encyclopaedia of Stoke City. Lion Press. ISBN0-9524151-0-0.
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