Egoz Unit

Unit 621
Yehidat Egoz
Egoz Unit insignia
Active1995–present
CountryIsrael
Branch Israeli Ground Forces
TypeSpecial Forces
RoleAnti-guerilla warfare
Special reconnaissance
Direct action
SizeBattalion
Part ofCentral Command
98th Division
89th Brigade
EngagementsSouth Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)
Second Intifada
2006 Lebanon War
Operation Protective Edge
Hamas-Israel War (2023–)
Commanders
Current
commander		Classified
Notable
commanders		Erez Zuckerman
Egoz Unit combatant pin

The Egoz Unit (Hebrew: יחידת אגוז, romanized: Yehidat Egoz, lit. "Walnut Unit", Egoz being the acronym for "anti-guerrilla and small-scale warfare"),[1][2] officially Unit 621, is an elite Israel Defense Forces (IDF) commando unit specializing in anti-guerrilla warfare, special reconnaissance, and direct action. It is a part of the IDF Central Command's 89th Brigade (commonly referred to as the commando brigade).[3]

The unit specializes in combat in dense terrain, fieldcraft, camouflage, and guerrilla warfare—close-range fighting where the fighter's skill and professionalism are critical to success. The unit operates in all terrains and theaters, focusing mainly on the northern sector.[4]

Egoz also has a unique ordnance platoon, tasked with developing creative solutions and technological innovations to address new challenges encountered on the battlefield and to provide defense against new methods of enemy attack.[5]

The unit's memorial site, commemorating its various incarnations, is located at Nabi Hazuri in the northern Golan Heights.[6]

In its first iteration, the unit was established in 1956 as Egoz Reconnaissance Unit, a Northern Command reconnaissance unit, and operated until the end of the Yom Kippur War in 1974.[7]

Sayeret Egoz insignia (1956–74)

History

The current Egoz unit was formed in January 1995 from a team of Paratroopers Reconnaissance Unit soldiers, as part of the Golani Brigade. It was named after the original Egoz Reconnaissance Unit that operated under Northern Command until 1974.[8] The initiative to establish the unit was driven by then-Chief of Staff Amnon Lipkin-Shahak and Northern Command Commander Amiram Levin, who sought to revolutionize the fight against Hezbollah through new combat doctrines and tactics. The unit was attached to the Golani Brigade due to the claim by its commander, Moshe Kaplinsky, that the new unit required the support, mentorship, and logistics of an experienced unit, well-versed in combat in Lebanon.[9]

Egoz soldiers taking part in a live fire exercise.

Egoz was created as a guerrilla warfare unit specifically to fight Hezbollah in the Security Zone of southern Lebanon.[10] Its first commander was Erez Zuckerman, a former member of Shayetet 13, who led the unit through most of its initial operations.[11] Within six months of its establishment, the unit had already achieved notable successes, including its first operation, during which it killed two Hezbollah militants near the Hula outpost.[12]

In 1997, Moshe (Chico) Tamir from the Golani Brigade took command of the unit. His tenure was marked by determined fighting against Hezbollah. One of the most notable operations during his command was Operation Wild Nature in September 1997, where the unit killed Hadi Nasrallah, the son of Hezbollah's Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah.[13] The bodies of the militants were later returned to Lebanon in exchange for the remains of Shayetet 13 commando Itamar Eliyahu, who had been killed in the Shayetet Disaster.[14] Another significant operation during this time was Operation Brilliant Move, in which Tamir led the unit in a mission in Lebanon against a Hezbollah security squad in the village of Aindouriyah, killing eight militants.[15]

2000s

Operators from Egoz are experts in camouflage, which helps them blend into the landscape.

Following Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon in 2000, the unit continued its operations along the northern border, while also becoming involved in counter-terrorism operations in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.[16] Under the command of Tamir Yadai, Egoz participated in Operation Defensive Shield, including the Battle of Ramallah.[17]

Second Lebanon War

On 20 July 2006, during the Second Lebanon War, five soldiers from Egoz were killed, and six others were wounded in a battle near the moshav of Avivim, while clearing Hezbollah bunkers in the village of Maroun al-Ras.[18] According to IDF reports, about 20 Hezbollah militants were killed during the Battle of Maroun al-Ras.[19]

Following the war, the unit conducted a series of offensive operations in the Gaza Strip, alongside the Golani Brigade and Givati Brigade. In one operation in January 2008, Egoz forces, supported by armor and air force units, killed 18 militants, including the son of senior Hamas leader Mahmoud al-Zahar.[20] During Operation Protective Edge in 2014, the unit killed approximately 50 militants while fighting in the Shejaiya neighborhood. On the 14th day of the operation, the unit's commander, Lt. Col. Yonatan Rumm, was seriously injured by an anti-tank missile.[21] His predecessor, Lt. Col. Pini Yosef, took over and led the unit in further combat operations.[22]

Establishment of the Commando Brigade and after

On 24 December 2015, Egoz officially parted ways with the Golani Brigade,[23] and on 27 December, it joined the newly formed Oz Brigade.[citation needed]

The unit participated in Operation Guardian of the Walls in Gaza, targeting dozens of anti-tank and rocket-launching sites and killing multiple militants.[citation needed]

In July 2023, Egoz took part in Operation House and Garden in the area of Jenin refugee camp, conducting offensive operations and dismantling terrorist infrastructure. During the operation, Egoz soldier Sgt. David Yehuda Yitzhak was killed in a firefight.[24]

The unit has lost 17 soldiers since the start of the Hamas-Israel War (as of October 2024).[25]

Unit Commanders

Name Term Notes
Erez Zuckerman 1995–1997 Awarded Chief of Staff Citation, later commander of the Bashan Division
Moshe Tamir 1997–1998 Awarded Northern Command Citation, later commander of the Company Commanders and Battalion Commanders Course
Hagai Peleg 1998–1999 Awarded Northern Command Citation, later commander of the Yamam
Hagai Mordechai 1999–2000 Later Chief of Staff of the Ground Forces
Tamir Yadai 2000–2002 Later Commander of the Ground Forces
Avi Peled 2002–2003 Later IDF attaché to India
Ofek Buchris 2003–2004 Awarded Chief of Staff Citation, later commander of IDF Command and Staff College
Mordechai Kahana 2004–2006 Later Chief Intelligence Officer
Yaniv Assor 2006–2008 Later Chief of Personnel Directorate
David Zini 2008–2010 Later Commander of the General Staff Corps
Shlomi Binder 2010–2012 Later Chief of IDF Operations Branch
  • Egoz soldiers during final test
    Egoz soldiers during final test
  • Egoz soldiers during a unit training
    Egoz soldiers during a unit training
  • Egoz unit exercise with helicopters
    Egoz unit exercise with helicopters
  • Egoz soldiers during a battalion training
    Egoz soldiers during a battalion training
  • Egoz soldier during "Operation Beit V'Gan"
    Egoz soldier during "Operation Beit V'Gan"
  • Egoz sniper during "Operation Beit V'Gan"
    Egoz sniper during "Operation Beit V'Gan"
  • Egoz soldier operating a drone
    Egoz soldier operating a drone
  • Egoz soldiers during an exercise
    Egoz soldiers during an exercise
  • Egoz soldier during an exercise
    Egoz soldier during an exercise
  • Egoz soldiers in Khan Yunis
    Egoz soldiers in Khan Yunis
  • Egoz soldier in the streets of Khan Yunis
    Egoz soldier in the streets of Khan Yunis
  • Egoz soldiers fighting in Khan Yunis
    Egoz soldiers fighting in Khan Yunis
  • Egoz soldiers training in the northern arena
    Egoz soldiers training in the northern arena
  • Egoz soldiers fighting in Rafah
    Egoz soldiers fighting in Rafah
  • Egoz soldiers fighting in Rafah
    Egoz soldiers fighting in Rafah

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Egoz Unit.
  1. ^ "יחידת אגוז: חטיבת הקומנדו – הכל על היחידה – איך מתקבלים" [Egoz Unit: the commando brigade – everything about the unit – how to be admitted in]. adrenalin-israel.co.il (in Hebrew). 12 May 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  2. ^ Danieli, Michal (1 July 2011). "אגוז: יחידת הקומנדו של זרוע היבשה" [Egoz: The commando unit of the ground force]. Mako (in Hebrew). Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  3. ^ Zitun, Yoav (7 July 2015). "IDF to unite elite units in new commando brigade". Ynetnews. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  4. ^ "Egoz Unit". IDF. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  5. ^ "IDF Unit Innovation". Defense News. 20 June 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  6. ^ "Nabi Hazuri Memorial Site". Israel Government Portal. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  7. ^ Barak, Amir (1999). Egoz: The History of an Elite Unit. Ma'ariv Publishing. p. 12.
  8. ^ Tamir, Moshe (2005). War Without a Name. IDF Publishing. p. 141-142.
  9. ^ "Golani's Egoz Unit: Anti-Guerilla Warfare". IDF Blog. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  10. ^ "Egoz Unit Specialized for Guerilla Warfare". Haaretz. 5 December 1996. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  11. ^ "Former Egoz Unit Commander Awarded for Bravery". Nrg.co.il. 19 August 2005. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  12. ^ "Egoz First Operation: Killing Two Militants". Defense News. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  13. ^ "Egoz Unit Kills Hadi Nasrallah". Israel Hayom. 14 May 2010. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  14. ^ "Israel-Hezbollah Exchange: Nasrallah's Son". Israel Hayom. 16 January 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  15. ^ Tamir, Moshe (2005). War Without a Name. IDF Publishing. p. 176-179.
  16. ^ "Egoz Unit Adapted to Counter-Terrorism". Ynetnews. 22 February 2002. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  17. ^ Harel, Amos (2004). The Seventh War: Israel's Fight Against Terrorism. Yedioth Books. p. 241.
  18. ^ "Egoz Soldiers Killed in Lebanon War". Ynet. 21 July 2006. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  19. ^ "Battle of Maroun al-Ras: 20 Hezbollah Fighters Killed". Ynetnews. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  20. ^ "Son of Hamas Leader Killed by Egoz Unit". Nrg.co.il. 16 January 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  21. ^ "Egoz Unit Commander Injured by Anti-Tank Missile". Ynetnews. 22 July 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  22. ^ "New Commander for Egoz Unit". Ynetnews. 22 July 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  23. ^ "Egoz Parting from Golani". Israel National News. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  24. ^ "Egoz Soldier Killed in Jenin". Walla!. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  25. ^ https://www.idf.il/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94/?unit=%D7%97%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95&1/

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