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Ecuadorian mantled howler
	In Gatun Lake, Panama
Conservation status
	; Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)
	CITES Appendix I (CITES)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Infraorder:	Simiiformes
Family:	Atelidae
Genus:	Alouatta
Species:	A. palliata
Subspecies:	A. p. aequatorialis
Trinomial name
	Alouatta palliata aequatorialis; Festa, 1903

The Ecuadorian mantled howler (Alouatta palliata aequatorialis) is a subspecies of the mantled howler, A. palliata. It ranges from Panama (or possibly the eastern tip of Costa Rica) through Colombia and Ecuador into northern Peru.^[2] The range limits between the Ecuadorian mantled howler and the golden-mantled howler are not entirely clear. The Ecuadorian mantled howler replaces the Golden-mantled howler in either extreme eastern Costa Rica or western Panama.^[2] The Ecuadorian mantled howler differs from the golden-mantled howler primarily by being paler, with a more yellowish mantle.^[2]

male
troop
adult with infant
juvenile
juvenile female with botfly parasite

References

^ Cuarón, A.D.; Shedden, A.; Rodríguez-Luna, E.; de Grammont, P.C.; Link, A. (2020). "Alouatta palliata ssp. aequatorialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T919A17979025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T919A17979025.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Rylands; Groves; Mittermeier; Cortes-Ortiz & Hines (2006). "Taxonomy and Distributions of Mesoamerican Primates". In Estrada, A.; Garber, P.A.; Pavelka, M.S.M. & Luecke, L. (eds.). New Perspectives in the Study of Mesoamerican Primates. Springer. pp. 50–52. ISBN 978-0-387-25854-6.

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[iucn-1] Cuarón, A.D.; Shedden, A.; Rodríguez-Luna, E.; de Grammont, P.C.; Link, A. (2020). "Alouatta palliata ssp. aequatorialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T919A17979025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T919A17979025.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.

[perspectives-2] Rylands; Groves; Mittermeier; Cortes-Ortiz & Hines (2006). "Taxonomy and Distributions of Mesoamerican Primates". In Estrada, A.; Garber, P.A.; Pavelka, M.S.M. & Luecke, L. (eds.). New Perspectives in the Study of Mesoamerican Primates. Springer. pp. 50–52. ISBN 978-0-387-25854-6.

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[2]