Eastern Bloc of the FARC-EP

The Eastern Bloc of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, from September 2010 known as Bloque Comandante Jorge Briceño, in honour of the slain guerrilla leader,[1] was considered to be the strongest military faction of the guerrilla group. It was divided into groups of 50–400 combatants in each group, which patrolled and controlled different areas of Colombia's Eastern and Central-Eastern territory, as well as helped to carry out the killings, taxation, and arrests necessary to advance the organization's financial and political goals.

The specific divisions of the group are arguable. Some of the believed divisions or 'fronts', as they were commonly called, are shown below. Many of these fronts sometimes worked together towards a certain mission, while others were further divided into 'columns' and 'companies' with a smaller number of members. For more general information see FARC Chain of Command.

Commanders

This group of commanders was called the "EMBO" (Estado Mayor del Bloque Oriental).

Alias Name Note
El Médico Mauricio Jaramillo Wilson Valderrama Cano, Jaime Alberto Parra Commands Bloque Jorge Briceño[2]
Germán Briceño Suárez, "Grannobles" Noé Suárez Rojas [3]
Jorge Briceño Suárez, "Mono Jojoy" Víctor Julio Suárez Rojas [4] Commander of FARC's military wing, killed by the Colombian army, on September 22, 2010, during the bombing of his camps.
Carlos Antonio Lozada[5] Injured by a Colombian army attack in August 2007.[6]
"Romaña" Henry Castellanos Garón [7]
"Manuel" or "Pata Palo" Pablo Emilio Rodríguez After the death of "Mono Jojoy", he took over the finances of the Eastern Bloc, under the orders of his brother Noe Suarez Rojas, alias "Grannobles". Captured in April 2011.[8]
Andrés París[9]
Alexandra Tanja Nijmeijer [10]
"Brian", "Braian", or "Brayan" Fardy Edilson Para Parra Involved in extortion on behalf of FARC. He belonged to the front 27, 31, 40 and 53, respectively. Captured on September 2, 2011.[11][12]

1st Front

Also known as the Armando Ríos Front, it was composed of around to 400 people.[13] It operated mostly in the Guaviare Department.

Alias Name Note
Reynaldo [14]
César Gerardo Aguilar Ramírez[15] Arrested in 2008 during Operation Jaque.[16]
Doris Adriana Luz Dary Conde Arrested in 2008.[17]
Alfredo Handed himself over to the Army in April 2010 with "Jair" and a hostage girl.
Jair Handed himself over to the Army in April 2010 with "Alfredo" and a hostage girl.

7th Front

Also known as the Jacobo Prías Alape Front, it was composed of up to 400 people. It operated mostly in the Meta Department.

Alias Name Note
Nancy Astrid Conte Gutierrez One of the leaders of the Front, captured in June 2012.[18]

10th Front

Also known as the Guadalupe Salcedo Front, it was composed of up to 300 people.[19] It operated mostly in the Arauca Department.

Several police officers infiltrated one of the FARC’s 10th front camp in early 2008, preparing an attack on the camp by a police squadron. The attack came on July 29, killing 'Jurga Jurga', FARC commander and friend of FARC head ‘Mono Jojoy’. The ground offensive was follow by an airforce attack, killing 20 guerrillas, unofficial sources said. On October 22, 2011, members of the front killed 10 Colombians soldiers in an ambush in Arauca.[20] On March 17, 2012, alleged members of the 10th front killed 11 members of the Colombian army. Security forces launched an offensive few days after the attack: on March 20, 3 alleged member of the FARC are killed and 4 captured by the army. On March 21, 33 FARC members were allegedly killed and 5 others captured.[21]

Alias Name Note
"El Marrano" Carlos Julio Ávila Accused of executing three US citizens in 1999.[22]
"Jurga Jurga" Killed by Colombian security forces on July 29, 2008 [23]
"Camilo Tuerto" Captured by Colombian security forces on April 11, 2009. Also second in command for the Reinel Mendez Company.[24]
"Lorena" Captured on May 16, 2010, member of the Reinel Mendez Company.[25]
"Milton Díaz" Jhon Javier Ariza Gil Also second in command for the Mobile Column Afonso Castellanos. Killed by Colombian security forces in August, 2010 [26]
"Fabian" Killed by Colombian security forces on October 8, 2010,[27][28] he had replaced "Milton".
"Katerine" María Johana Arias Jáuregui Killed by Colombian security forces on October 8, 2010 [27][28] She was lover of alias "Grannobles".
"Viviana" Alleged guerrilla girlfriend of 10th Front commander "Efren". Wounded and captured in July 2011.[29]
"Perico" One of the head front commander, captured on October 25.[20]
"Misael Second front commander. Killed on March 21st, 2012.
"Carracho" Danielo Benavidez Financial and logistical head of the front. Captured on August 18, 2012.[19]
"Yudi" Alleged "Carracho" daughter. Medics of the front. Captured on August 18, 2012.[19]
"David" and "Chocha Linda" William Alexander Salazar Acosta Front commander. Killed on September 23, 2012.[30]

16th Front

Also known as the Jose A. Paez Front, it was composed of up to 300 people. It operated mostly in the Vichada Department.

Alias Name Note
Guillermo [14]
"El Negro Acacio" Tomás Medina Caracas Killed in 2007.[31]
Gentil Alvis Patiño, "El Chigüiro" Juan José Martínez Vega Captured in Venezuela in 2005.
"Octavio Cocopi" Killed on January 1, 2011.[32]

22nd Front

Also known as the Simón Bolívar Front, it was composed of up to 120 people. It operated mostly in the Cundinamarca Department.

Alias Name Note
Hugo Wílmer Antonio Marín Cano Captured in 2003.[33]
"Géner Lara Muñoz", "Lucio" or "Lucio 40" Néstor Ramírez Muñoz He is a nephew of Luis Alberto Morantes, alias "Jacobo Arenas" (Founder and leader of FARC). Captured in April 2011.[8][34]
Judith Paola Andrea Arévalo Captured in April 2011.[8][34]

26th Front

Also known as the Hermogenes Maza Front, it was composed of up to 130 people. It operated mostly in the Meta Department. As of 2011 this front operated in La Uribe, Vista Hermosa, La Macarena and other municipalities.[35][36]

Alias Name Note
Hugo Sandóval Ruiz Ángel Oviedo Yara Killed in 2007.[37]
Hermidas Wálter Flórez Candil Captured in 2004.
Pablo Neruda Fabián Bedoya Salamanca Captured on April 10, 2010.
Kevin Demobilized in April 2010.
Gabino Demobilized in April 2010.
"Jaime Guey" or "Guaimaro" Captured in April 2010, by the Police in Engativá (Cundinamarca).

27th Front

It was composed of up to 500 people and operated mostly in the Meta Department.

Alias Name Note
Arcesio Niño Killed on 22-03-12.[38]
Efrén Luis Eduardo López Méndez
"Jhon 40" Gener García Molina
"El médico" or "el tío" Elver Uriel Rodriguez Captured on March 27, 2008[39][40]
El Pija Rodrigo Gaitán Rincón Captured on April 5, 2010.
Pitufo Bertulfo Caicedo Garzón Captured. Jailed in the Cómbita prison.
Mariela Handed herself to the Army on October 28, 2010.[41]

28th Front

Also known as the José María Córdoba Front, it was composed of up to 120 people. It operated mostly in the Casanare and Boyacá Departments.

Alias Name Note
Julián Arévalo Aristipo Aponte Alvarado Killed in April 2014.[42]
Alberto Guevara José Nelson Garzón Captured in 2003.
Pirinolo Alexánder Beltrán Warder of the US hostages Gonsalves, Stansell and Howes. Captured in February 2011.[43]

31st Front

This front was composed by up to 120 combatants and operated mostly in the Meta Department. Its activity diminished notoriously after its head, Duván Alberto Cartagena, was captured.[36]

38th Front

Also known as the Ciro Trujillo Castaño Front, it was composed of up to 100 people. It operated mostly in the Casanare and the Boyacá Departments.

Alias Name Note
Rogelio Front leader[44]
Karen Bodyguard of Efraín Méndez, killed in April 2012[45]
Sandra Bodyguard of Efraín Méndez, killed in April 2012[45]
Sucre Bodyguard of Efraín Méndez, killed in April 2012[45]
Yaír Félix Antonio Lara Cifuentes Captured in 2004.

39th Front

Also known as the Joaquin Ballen Front, it was composed of anything between 40 and 300 people. It operated mostly in the Vichada Department. The front was led by El Cadete.[46]

Alias Name Note
"Jacinto", "El Danto" Killed in 2003.
"El Topo" Octavio Ruiz Earlier he had belonged to the 16th Front. Killed on August 10, 2010.[47]

40th Front

Also known as the Jacobo Arenas Front, it was composed of up to 350 people. It operated mostly in the Meta Department.

Alias Name Note
"El Flaco Iván" Rodrigo Alberto Salazar Montoya Captured in 2005.
Chucho Gilberto de Jesús Jaramillo Arias Captured in 2005.
Tocayo, El Negro Demobilized in April 2010. (Son of John Freddy Balcázar alias “El Negro Antonio”)
Santiago Handed himself over to the Army in July 2010.[48]
Caballo Demobilized on October 26, 2010.[49][50]

42nd Front

Also known as the Combatientes de Cundinamarca Front, it was composed of up to 110 people. It operated mostly in the Cundinamarca Department.

Alias Name Note
Javier Jota Front leader since February 2012. Killed in March 2012.[38]
Eduardo Robayo Wilson Correa Trujillo Front leader since May 2011. Killed in February 2012.[51]
Mono Jojoy Victor Rojas Suarez Front leader, killed in May 2011.[51]
"El Campesino" José Nerup Reyes Peña Killed in 2007.
"Serrucho" Pedro León García Captured in 2003.

43rd Front

It was composed of up to 300 people and operated mostly in the Meta Department.

Alias Name Note
"John 40" Gener García Molina Believe to be wounded after police attack in September 2008 [52]
Efrén Luis Eduardo López Méndez

44th Front

Also known as the Antonio Ricaurte Front, it was composed of up to 350 people. It operated mostly in the Meta Department.

Alias Name Note
Miguel Luis Fernando Bustos
Albeiro Córdoba Élmer Mata Caviedes Killed in 2005.
"Ciro Pereza", "Ciro Cañón" Handed himself to the Army on October 28, 2010.[41]
Demaris Handed herself to the Army on October 28, 2010.[41]
Bricelda Handed herself to the Army on October 28, 2010.[41]
"Ricardo Pompis" Handed himself to the Army on October 28, 2010.[41]
Omar Handed himself to the Army on October 28, 2010.[41]
Angie Killed in combat on October 28, 2010.[41]

45th Front

Also known as the Atanasio Girardot Front, it was composed of up to 150 people. It operated mostly in the Boyacá and Norte de Santander Departments.

Alias Name Note
Rafael Gutierrez Luis Eduardo Marín
"Che" Jesús María Piedrahita Killed in 2005.

51st Front

Also known as the Jaime Pardo Leal Front, it was composed of up to 80 people. It operated mostly in the Cundinamarca Department.[53]

Alias Name Note
"R1" Second in command KIA on August 15, 2011.[54]
"Hermides", "El Quemado" José Parménides Castro Captured in 2002.
Pedro Orjuela Explosive expert. Captured on May 5, 2011.[55]
"Indio" or "César" Neil Russel González Garay Second commander of this front. He was under direct orders of alias "Mono Jojoy". Captured in September, 2011.[56][57][58]

52nd Front

Also known as the Juan de la Cruz Front, it was composed of up to 120 people. It operated mostly in the Cundinamarca and Boyacá Departments.[36]

Alias Name Note
"El Zarco" Manuel Sierra Also commands 53rd Front.
Arcesio Angarilla Killed in 2004.

53rd Front

Also known as the Jose A. Anzoategui Front, it was composed of up to 120 people. It operated mostly in the Meta and Cundinamarca Departments.

Alias Name Note
"El Zarco" Manuel Sierra Also commands 52nd Front.
"Romaña" Henry Castellanos Garzón Commander of several FARC Fronts.
Eliécer Bertulfo García Captured in 2005.
Dionilde Handed herself to the Army on October 28, 2010.[41]

54th Front

Also known as the Angel Bonilla, it was composed of up to 50 militants. It operated mainly in the Meta Department.[59]

Alias Name Note
Flaminio Gómez Jesús Vargas Gamboa Killed in 2002.
Silverio Salvador Vargas León Killed in 2003.

55th Front

Also known as the Teófilo Forero Front, it was composed of around 150 militants,[60] although the members of its urban network were much greater. It operated mostly in the Cundinamarca Department, and was considered the FARC's base in Bogotá. It was considered responsible for much of the terrorist activity that occurred in and around the capital.

Alias Name Note
Nelson Robles Julio Enrique Rincón Rico
Rubén Armando Barbosa Tovar
Patricia Demobilized in April 2010.
Conejo Demobilized in April 2010.
El Flaco Demobilized in April 2010.
Chaño Demobilized in April 2010.
Luz Dary Maryuri Sáenz Killed in April 2010.
“Efren” or “Patequeso” Marco Elvis Patiño second-in-command, captured in July 2012.[61]

56th Front

It was composed by up to 80 people and operated mostly in the Casanare and Boyacá Departments.

Alias Name Note
Jerónimo Aljure Jorge Eliécer Jiménez Martínez Captured in 2004.

62nd Front

Also known as the Yarí Front. Operated in the Meta Department. On February 14, 2012, alias Dumar, his lover alias Gisella and two other rebels were killed by the army. Four other have been captured.[62]

Alias Name Note
Victor Tirado Rigoberto Lozano First commander.[63]
Dumar Killed on February 14, 2012.[62]
Yira Devora Meza Velazco She was third commander and chief of finance of this front. Killed in September 2011.[64][65]

Antonio Nariño Front

It was an urban network composed of up to 50 individuals, and operated in Bogotá.

Alias Name Note
Negro Antonio Bernardo Mosquera Machado Arrested in 2009.
Chucho Jose Marvel Zamora Arrested in 2008.
La Mona Luz Delia Hincapié Gaviria Arrested on October 20, 2010, while she was overseeing a car bomb preparation.[66]

Urías Rondón Front

Alias Name Note
"Elver Patón" Néstor Raúl González Restrepo Fifth head of the Urías Rondón Front and its chief financial officer. Arrested on September 24, 2011.[67][68]
Nayibe Edna Margarita Lozada Forero Part of the security ring of alias "Elver Patón". Arrested on September 24, 2011.[67][68]
Sebastián Castaño Mojica Part of the security ring of alias "Elver Patón". Arrested on September 24, 2011.[67][68]

Columns and Companies

The following columns and companies also were part of the Eastern Bloc:

  • Compañía Marquetalia: Formed in January 2011. Operated in the Meta department. 54 members. According to a report in El Espectador, the column's medics treated the local population, providing basic health services where the state presence was nonexistent.[69]
  • Mobile Column Alfonso Castellanos: Faction of the 10th front, composed by up to 120 members. Operated in the Arauca Department. His leader, "Gabino", was killed on August 24, 2008, by the Colombian Military. [1][permanent dead link‍] The second-in-command, John Javier Ariza Gil, alias "Milton Diaz, has been killed on August 19, 2010 [2] Archived 2010-08-22 at the Wayback Machine.
  • Mobile Column Juan José Rondón: It was composed by up to 250 members and operated mostly in the Guaviare Department. Its last known leader, Octavio Salamanca, alias "Urias Cuéllar", was killed in 2001.
  • Special Forces: It is composed by up to 80 men and operated in what used to be the demilitarized zone.
  • Company Reinel Méndez: It was composed by up to 80 men and operated in what used to be the demilitarized zone.
  • Company Esteban Ramírez: It was composed by up to 80 men and operated in what used to be the demilitarized zone.
  • Company Manuela Beltrán: It was composed by up to 50 men and operated in the Cundinamarca Department. Its leader, Neftaly Murcia Vargas, known as “Camilo Tabaco”, was killed on September 3, 2008, according to the Colombian Army.[52]
  • Company Abelardo Romero: It is composed by up to 40 men and operates in the Cundinamarca Department. On March 26, 2012, tens of member of the front were killed by an offensive of the army including the Company leader "Alonso Rivas".[38] Yesid Borracho, the successor of Alonso Rivas, was killed on July 30.[70]
  • Company Joaquín Ballén: It was composed by up to 140 men and operated in the Cundinamarca Department.
  • Company Che Guevara: Faction of the Eastern and Caribbean Blocs, composed by up to 120 members. Operated in what used to be the demilitarized zone.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "ezcapの使い方｜ezcapの使い方をわかりやすく解説". Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  2. ^ "FARC's 'Doctor' Asserts Command in East Colombia". Archived from the original on 2011-04-20.
  3. ^ US Department of State. "Noe Suarez Rojas" Available online. Accessed January 23, 2008.
  4. ^ US Department of State. "Victor Julio Suarez Rojas" Available online. Accessed January 23, 2008.
  5. ^ US Department of State. "Luis Antonio Lozada" Available online. Accessed January 24, 2008.
  6. ^ El Tiempo. "Ejército atacó campamento de Carlos Antonio Lozada" Available online. Accessed January 24, 2008.
  7. ^ US Department of State. "Henry Castellanos Garzon" Available online. Accessed January 24, 2008.
  8. ^ a b c "Policía Nacional de Colombia". Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  9. ^ "Secretos sobre estado actual de 'Jojoy' y las Farc se hallaron en cuevas del Meta donde se escondía". eltiempo.com. 23 March 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  10. ^ "Dutch guerrilla leading FARC forces: Activist". Colombia News – Colombia Reports. Archived from the original on 4 September 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  11. ^ Alex Emery (3 September 2011). "Colombian Rebels Planned to Extort Microsoft, Nike, Santos Says". Bloomberg. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  12. ^ "YouTube". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2014-06-20. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  13. ^ "Drug-Trafficking Gang Reportedly Sharing Manpower with FARC". Archived from the original on 2011-07-26.
  14. ^ a b El Espectador. "La nueva estrategia de ‘Cano’" Available Online. Accessed September 28, 2008.
  15. ^ Las voces del secuestro. "El poder del guerrillero que entregó al niño Emmanuel" Available online[permanent dead link‍]. Accessed January 24, 2008.
  16. ^ BBC News. "How the Colombian hostages were freed" Available online
  17. ^ El Tiempo. "Capturada alias 'Doris Adriana', del primer frente de las Farc, anunció el comandante del Ejército" Available online. Accessed February 2, 2008.
  18. ^ "Police capture 'key FARC member' in Bogota". Colombia News – Colombia Reports. Archived from the original on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  19. ^ a b c "'FARC' commander captured in Bogota". Colombia News – Colombia Reports. Archived from the original on 25 September 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  20. ^ a b "Army captures FARC boss suspected of deadly ambush". Colombia News – Colombia Reports. Archived from the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  21. ^ "Golpe a Farc en Arauca, primer resultado del nuevo plan de las FF. MM". eltiempo.com. 20 March 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  22. ^ Colombia Support. "Colombian Rebels Confess To Killing 3 Americans" Available online Archived 2008-06-05 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed January 24, 2008.
  23. ^ Available online[permanent dead link‍].
  24. ^ Available online.
  25. ^ Available online.
  26. ^ Available online.
  27. ^ a b Available online.
  28. ^ a b http://www.lanacion.com.py/noticias_um-330032.htm [permanent dead link‍]
  29. ^ "Colombia cannot confirm death of FARC commander in Sunday attack". Colombia News – Colombia Reports. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  30. ^ "Army kills ringleader of FARC's 10th front". Colombia News – Colombia Reports. Archived from the original on 27 October 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  31. ^ El Tiempo. "'Raúl Reyes' admitió que el 'Negro Acacio', jefe del frente 16 de las Farc, está muerto" Available online. Accessed January 24, 2008.
  32. ^ "Muere en combate segundo cabecilla de la cuadrilla 16 de las Farc" Available online. Accessed January 2, 2011.
  33. ^ El Mundo. "Detienen en Colombia a 'Hugo', el 'zar del secuestro' en las FARC" Available online. Accessed January 24, 2008.
  34. ^ a b "Vanguardia Valledupar – Gracias por todo". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  35. ^ "Archivo Digital: Noticias Principales de Colombia y el Mundo en Digital e Impreso - Noticias - ELTIEMPO.COM". eltiempo.com. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  36. ^ a b c "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-12-02. Retrieved 2008-09-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  37. ^ Comando General Fuerzas Militares de Colombia. "Muere en combate autor material del secuestro del ex gobernador del Meta Alan Jara" Available online Archived 2007-06-30 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed January 24, 2008.
  38. ^ a b c "'FARC has suffered 2 historic blows': Santos – Colombia News – Colombia Reports". Colombia News – Colombia Reports. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  39. ^ "Noticias, Deportes y Análisis de Colombia – Caracol Radio". Retrieved 16 December 2014.[permanent dead link‍]
  40. ^ Tiempo, Casa Editorial El. "Archivo Digital: Noticias Principales de Colombia y el Mundo en Digital e Impreso – El Tiempo". Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h Micrositios Content Manager. "Contacto – Ejercito Nacional de Colombia". Ejrcito Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  42. ^ "Dos guerrileros muertos en operaciones militares en Arauca y Casanare". Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  43. ^ "Cae 'carcelero' de los tres estadounidenses secuestrados por las Farc". Archived from the original on 2011-07-10. Retrieved 2011-02-22.
  44. ^ "Mindefensa ordena ofensiva contra las Farc - ELESPECTADOR.COM". ElEspectador. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  45. ^ a b c "Senior 'FARC' rebel killed in northeastern Colombia – Colombia News – Colombia Reports". Colombia News – Colombia Reports. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  46. ^ "Archivo Digital: Noticias Principales de Colombia y el Mundo en Digital e Impreso - Noticias - ELTIEMPO.COM". eltiempo.com. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  47. ^ Micrositios Content Manager. "Contacto – Ejercito Nacional de Colombia". Ejrcito Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  48. ^ Micrositios Content Manager. "Contacto – Ejercito Nacional de Colombia". Ejrcito Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  49. ^ Micrositios Content Manager. "Contacto – Ejercito Nacional de Colombia". Ejrcito Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  50. ^ "Escapó de las Farc para evitar que su hijo fuera reclutado". Archived from the original on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
  51. ^ a b "FARC commander killed in military offensive". Colombia News – Colombia Reports. Archived from the original on 23 May 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  52. ^ a b "Colombia News – Colombia Reports". Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  53. ^ "Muere guerrillero que promovía regreso de Farc al centro de Colombia". eltiempo.com. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  54. ^ Micrositios Content Manager. "Contacto – Ejercito Nacional de Colombia". Ejrcito Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  55. ^ "Capturado explosivista del frente 51 de las Farc". 6 May 2011. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  56. ^ Micrositios Content Manager. "Contacto – Ejercito Nacional de Colombia". Ejrcito Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  57. ^ "Capturan Alias Indio Cabecilla Guerrillero Farc en Semana.com". Archived from the original on 25 September 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  58. ^ "Fuerza Aérea Colombiana". Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  59. ^ "Capturan a alias 'Camilo', segundo cabecilla del frente 54 de las Farc". ElEspectador. Archived from the original on 10 January 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  60. ^ "Las Farc buscan recuperar ruta en el Huila". Archived from the original on September 6, 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  61. ^ "'FARC member' responsible for Betancourt's security during kidnapping captured – Colombia News – Colombia Reports". Colombia News – Colombia Reports. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  62. ^ a b "Colombia army kills FARC front commander". Colombia News – Colombia Reports. Archived from the original on 20 April 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  63. ^ "Capturados Diez Integrantes del Frente Yari Farc Cercanos Mono Jojoy en Semana.com". Archived from the original on September 17, 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  64. ^ Micrositios Content Manager. "Contacto – Ejercito Nacional de Colombia". Ejrcito Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  65. ^ "Golpe al frente 62 de las Farc | Lo nuestro a diario. Noticias del Huila, Neiva, Pitalito, Garzón, la Plata, Caquetá". Archived from the original on 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2011-09-14.
  66. ^ "Policía Nacional de Colombia". Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  67. ^ a b c "Comando General Fuerzas Militares de Colombia". Archived from the original on 2012-04-03. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
  68. ^ a b c "La Nación » Capturado jefe de finanzas del Bloque Oriental de las Farc". Archived from the original on 2012-04-03. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
  69. ^ "Las Farc desde adentro, modelo 2011". ElEspectador. Archived from the original on 10 December 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  70. ^ "Local 'FARC leader' killed in central Colombia – Colombia News – Colombia Reports". Colombia News – Colombia Reports. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2014.