Dulcie September

Dulcie September
Born
Dulcie Evonne September

(1935-08-20)20 August 1935
South Africa
Died29 March 1988(1988-03-29) (aged 52)
Paris, France
Cause of deathAssassination by firearm
Occupation(s)Teacher, political activist
Years active1956–1988
OrganizationAfrican National Congress
Known forAnti-apartheid activism

Dulcie Evonne September (20 August 1935 – 29 March 1988) was a South African anti-apartheid political activist who was assassinated in Paris, France, in 1988.

Early life

The second eldest daughter of Jakobus and Susan September, September grew up in Gleemore, a suburb of Cape Town, where she developed her interest in political activism. She began her primary schooling at Klipfontein Methodist Mission, and later attended Athlone High School. In 1954, she enrolled at the Wesley Training School in Salt River to pursue a career in teaching, and completed her Teacher's Diploma in 1955. She began her teaching career, first at City Mission School in Maitland, then at Bridgetown East Primary School in Athlone in 1956, and in 1957 became a member of the newly established Cape Peninsula Students' Union (CPSU), affiliate of the Unity Movement of South Africa, which aimed at overcoming racial divisions and forging solidarity among students of different cultural backgrounds. She belonged to the Athlone branch of the Teacher's League of South Africa (TLSA).[1]

Activism

September subsequently joined the African Peoples' Democratic Union of Southern Africa (APDUSA), established in 1960. She went on to be a member of the militant study group Yu Chi Chan Club, which was disbanded at the end of 1962, to be replaced by the National Liberation Front (NLF) in January 1963. While engaged in NLF activities, she was arrested and detained without trial at Roeland Street Prison on 7 October 1963. Together with nine others she was charged under the Criminal Procedure Act, the principal charge being "conspiracy to commit acts of sabotage, and incite acts of politically motivated violence". After months of court proceedings, judgment was delivered on 15 April 1964. September was sentenced to five years imprisonment, during which time she endured severe physical and psychological abuse. On her release in April 1969, the Pretoria regime controlled her activities with a five-year banning order, which prohibited her from engaging in political activity and from practising her profession. September then went to live with her sister in Paarl.[citation needed]

In 1973, as her banning order drew to a close, September applied for a permanent departure permit, having secured a position at Madeley College of Education in Staffordshire. She left South Africa on 19 December 1973. In London, she joined the activities of the Anti-Apartheid Movement and was in the frontline of numerous political rallies and demonstrations at South Africa House in Trafalgar Square. Later she gave up her job as a teacher and joined the staff of the International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa. In 1976 she joined the African National Congress (ANC) where she worked in the ANC Women's League. In 1979, International Year of the Child (IYC), she was elected chairperson of the IYC Committee of the ANC Women's Section in London. At the end of 1983, September was appointed ANC Chief Representative in France, Switzerland and Luxembourg.

Death

Memorial plaque for September

On the morning of 29 March 1988, September was shot to death outside the ANC's Paris office at 28, Rue des Petites-Écuries, as she was opening the office after collecting the mail. She was 52 years old. Her death stoked a strong popular reaction in Paris where more than 20,000 gathered to mourn.[2]

Before her assassination, September had been investigating trafficking of weapons between France and South Africa.[3] On the day after her murder, Alfred Nzo, secretary-general of the African National Congress, commented: "If ever there was a soft target, Dulcie September was one."[4]

Legacy

Memorial to September in the Basque town of Guernica

Arts and media

Jean-Michel Jarre composed a song for his 1988 Revolutions album named "September", dedicated to Dulcie September. The song was performed at his Destination Docklands concert at London's Royal Victoria Dock in October 1988, and features on the album recording of this, Jarre Live (1989).

The conceptual artist Hans Haacke devoted his 1989 installation "One Day, The Lions of Dulcie September Will Spout Water in Jubilation" to her. The site-specific intervention that modified an existing but defunct fountain in front of the Grande halle de la Villette in Paris, was part of the exhibition Magiciens de la terre by Jean-Martin Hubert.

Her short story "A Split Society – Fast Sounds on the Horizon" was included in the 1992 anthology Daughters of Africa, edited by Margaret Busby.[5]

Cold Case: Revisiting Dulcie September is a play that pays tribute to Dulcie September. A book about her murder, Dulcie: Een Vrouw Die Haar Mond Moest Houden by Evelyn Groenink, was published in the Netherlands in 2001.[6] A podcast about the murder of Dulcie September, They Killed Dulcie by Open Secrets and Sound Africa, was released in March 2019.[7] The 2021 documentary Murder in Paris (directed by Enver Samuel and edited by Nikki Comninos) explores the life and assassination of September.[8][9]

Memorials and dedications

A square in the 10th arrondissement of Paris is named after Dulcie September, and was officially inaugurated on 31 March 1998, ten years after her death. A street in Cléon, near Rouen, is named after her. There is also a place named Dulcie September in Nantes, and a primary school in Évry-sur-Seine carries her name as well as a middle school (collège in French)[10] in Arcueil, the town near Paris where she last lived.[11]

In August 2010, the first Dulcie September Memorial Lecture took place at The Centre for Humanities Research of the University of the Western Cape, as well as the launch of the Dulcie September Fellowship Awards in the Humanities and Social Sciences that featured speakers including Barbara Masekela and Margaret Busby.[12][13]

In October 2011, Staffordshire University Students' Union honoured Dulcie September by renaming their boardroom the "September Room" and erecting a plaque in her memory.[14] She was a former student of Madeley College of Education, one of the founding colleges of North Staffordshire Polytechnic.

In 2013 the Athlone Civic Centre was renamed the Dulcie September Civic Centre.[15]

In Amsterdam, Netherlands, a road in the city's Transvaalbuurt is named Dulcie Septemberpad. Other buildings and streets in the neighbourhood have also been named after prominent historic South Africans, including Steve Bikoplein, Nelson Mandela School and Retiefstraat.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Dulcie Evonne September". South African History Online. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  2. ^ van Vuuren, Hennie (2018). Apartheid Guns and Money. A Tale of Profit. C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd. pp. 209–251. ISBN 978-1-78738-097-4.
  3. ^ Groenink, Evelyn (Spring 2013). "Dulcie, Hani, Lubowski – A story that could not be told". ZAM Chronicle. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
  4. ^ "Dulcie September: A dedicated cadre cut down by act of cowardice". ANC Today. 2 (34). 23 August 2002. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 28 May 2013.
  5. ^ September, Dulcie, "A Split Society – Fast Sounds on the Horizon", in Busby, Margaret (ed.), Daughters of Africa, London: Jonathan Cape, 1992, pp. 859–868.
  6. ^ Groenink, Evelyn (2001). Dulcie: een vrouw die haar mond moest houden. Amsterdam: Atlas. ISBN 9789045001456.
  7. ^ "they killed dulcie | podcast series". open secrets. 29 May 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  8. ^ "About the film", Murder in Paris
  9. ^ Smith, Tymon (21 March 2021). "'Murder in Paris' shines a fresh light on Dulcie September's mysterious death". TimesLIVE. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  10. ^ Brunet, G. (30 August 2009). "Qui était Dulcie ?". Collège Dulcie September. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  11. ^ Khumalo, Fred, "A muse for the misunderstood", Sunday Times, 15 September 2009, via PressReader.
  12. ^ Krähmer, Daniel, "Dulcie September Memorial Lecture", Amandla, 17 August 2010.
  13. ^ "Local heroines in the spotlight". Brand South Africa. 6 August 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  14. ^ "Dulcie September: Remembering 25 Years On". Staffordshire University Students' Union. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  15. ^ Wolf, Raphael (28 September 2015). "Exhibition captures inspiring life of September". Cape Times. Retrieved 7 July 2020.

Read other articles:

2019 docu-series on Netflix The Mind, ExplainedGenreDocuseriesNarrated byEmma Stone (S1) Julianne Moore (S2)Theme music composerJackson Greenberg[1]Opening themeExplained Theme SongCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons2No. of episodes10ProductionRunning time19–21 minutesProduction companyVox MediaOriginal releaseNetworkNetflixReleaseSeptember 12, 2019 (2019-09-12)RelatedExplainedSex, ExplainedCoronavirus, Explained The Mind, Explained is...

 

The GadflyWritten byGeorge Bernard ShawDate premieredunproducedOriginal languageEnglishSubjectA devout Catholic becomes a devout revolutionary.Genrenovel adaptationSettingvarious The Gadfly or The Son of the Cardinal (1897-8) is a dramatic adaptation by George Bernard Shaw of Anglo-Irish writer Ethel Lilian Voynich (née Boole)'s novel The Gadfly. It was written as a favour to the author, who was a friend of Shaw's. Creation The Gadfly, a novel about a young man's embrace of revolutionary po...

 

الإمبراطورية البريطانية المدة؟ الإمبراطورية البريطانيةعلم الاتحاد  الإمبراطورية البريطانيةشعار المملكة المتحدة  جميع مناطق العالم التي كانت جزءا من الإمبراطورية البريطانية. أما أقاليم ما وراء البحار البريطانية الحالية فكتبت بالأحمر. عاصمة لندن  نظام الحكم غير...

Deadly blizzard in New York, United States, and Ontario, Canada Snow drifts made travel difficult in parts of New York (February 7, 1977) A house almost completely buried in snow in Tonawanda, New York (January 30, 1977) The blizzard of 1977 hit Western New York and Southern Ontario from January 28 to February 1 of that year. Daily peak wind gusts ranging from 46 to 69 mph (74 to 111 km/h) were recorded by the National Weather Service in Buffalo, with snowfall as high as 100 in...

 

بوابة تونس بوابة كرة القدم في كومنز صور وملفات عن: لاعبو منتخب تونس لكرة القدم عنتكرة القدم في تونساللاعبون · الأندية · المدربون · الحكام · الملاعبمنتخبات وطنيةرجال  الأول المحليين الأولمبي تحت 20 سنة تحت 17 سنة تحت 15 سنة كرة القدم الخماسية كرة القدم الشاطئية س�...

 

Pour un article plus général, voir Tour de France 2021. 6e étape du Tour de France 2021 GénéralitésCourse6e étape، Tour de France 2021Type Étape de plaineDate1 juillet 2021Distance160,6 kmPays FranceLieu de départToursLieu d'arrivéeChâteaurouxPartants177Arrivants177Vitesse moyenne48,765 km/hDénivelé926 mRésultats de l’étape1er Mark Cavendish3 h 17 min 36 s(Deceuninck-Quick Step)2e Jasper Philipsen+ 0 s3e Nacer Bouhanni+ 0 s Greg Van Avermaet(AG2R Citroën Team)Classement g�...

Amino acid Not to be confused with lysin or leucine. Lysine Skeletal formula of L-lysine Ball-and-stick model[1] Space-filling model[1] Names IUPAC names L-lysine D-lysine Systematic IUPAC name (2S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid (L-lysine) (2R)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid (D-lysine) Other names Lysine, D-lysine, L-lysine, LYS, h-Lys-OH Identifiers CAS Number 70-54-2 DL Y56-87-1 L Y923-27-3 D Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive imageZwitterion: Interactive...

 

English football manager (born 1977) Sam Collins Collins as manager of York City in 2018Personal informationFull name Sam Jason Collins[1]Date of birth (1977-06-05) 5 June 1977 (age 46)[2]Place of birth Pontefract, EnglandHeight 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)[3]Position(s) Centre backYouth career000–1994 Huddersfield TownSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1994–1999 Huddersfield Town 37 (0)1999–2002 Bury 82 (2)2002–2006 Port Vale 135 (11)2005–2006 → ...

 

Great Trail in South Ayrshire, Scotland, UK Not to be confused with Ayrshire Coast Line. Ayrshire Coastal PathOn the Coastal Path, to the north of Girvan.Length161 km (100 mi)[1]LocationAyrshire, ScotlandEstablished2008DesignationScotland's Great TrailsTrailheadsGlenapp, Ballantrae55°01′41″N 5°00′54″W / 55.028°N 5.015°W / 55.028; -5.015 Skelmorlie55°52′26″N 4°53′20″W / 55.874°N 4.889°W / 55.874; -4.889&#...

Pelvis and back body posture during pregnancy Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy are the adaptations that take place during pregnancy that enable the accommodation of the developing embryo and fetus. These are normal physiological adaptations that cause changes in behavior, the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, metabolism including increases in blood sugar levels, kidney function, posture, and breathing. During pregnancy numerous hormones and proteins are secreted t...

 

اقتحام المسجد الأقصى جزء من القضية الفلسطينية المعلومات البلد دولة فلسطين الموقع القدس الإحداثيات 31°46′34″N 35°14′09″E / 31.77617°N 35.23583°E / 31.77617; 35.23583   التاريخ 15 أبريل 2022(2 سنوات، و1 شهر، و1 أسبوع، و5 أيام) الخسائر الإصابات جرح 152 مدني فلسطيني و3 من ضباط الش...

 

Ethnic group Ethnic group Tamil MauritiansTotal population12.4% of Indo-Mauritians - 6% of the total population (2011 census)Regions with significant populationsThroughout the country, in Indo-Mauritian majority zonesLanguagesTamil, Mauritian Creole, Bhojpuri, Hindi, English, FrenchReligionHinduism (As per Mauritian conventions, converts to Christianity join the broader Creole population)Related ethnic groupsTamil diaspora, Telugu people, Tamil South Africans, Tamil Reunionaise, Tamil Malaysi...

Iranian-American Professor Payam HeydariNationalityIranian, AmericanAlma materUniversity of Southern CaliforniaKnown forRadio-frequency (RF) and millimeter-wave integrated circuitsAwardsFellow of National Academy of Inventors [1] IEEE MTT-S Distinguished Educator Award [2] IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society Innovative Education Award [3] IEEE Fellow[4] IEEE Darlington Award[5] IEEE Guillemin-Cauer Award[6]Scientific careerFieldsElectric...

 

Colourless non-flammable gas See also: Recreational use of nitrous oxide N2O redirects here. For other uses, see Nitrous oxide (disambiguation) and N2O (disambiguation). Laughing gas redirects here. For other uses, see Laughing gas (disambiguation). Not to be confused with nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), or generic nitrogen oxide pollutants NOx. Nitrous oxide Names IUPAC names Nitrous oxide[1] (not recommended)Dinitrogen oxide[2] (alternative name) Systematic IUPAC ...

 

Japan's national air and space agency This article is about Japan's space agency. For other uses, see Jaxa (disambiguation). This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (January 2024) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency宇宙航空研究開発機構Uchū Kōkū Kenkyū Kaihatsu KikōAgency overviewAbbreviationJAXA (ジャクサ)Formed1 Octo...

2024 film by Zack Snyder Rebel Moon – Part Two:The ScargiverRelease posterDirected byZack SnyderScreenplay by Zack Snyder Kurt Johnstad Shay Hatten Story byZack SnyderProduced by Deborah Snyder Eric Newman Zack Snyder Wesley Coller Starring Sofia Boutella Djimon Hounsou Ed Skrein Michiel Huisman Doona Bae Ray Fisher Anthony Hopkins CinematographyZack SnyderEdited byDody DornMusic byTom HolkenborgProductioncompanies The Stone Quarry Grand Electric Distributed byNetflixRelease dates April...

 

دوري الدرجة الممتازة الأيرلندي 2018 تفاصيل الموسم دوري الدرجة الممتازة الأيرلندي  النسخة 98  البلد جمهورية أيرلندا  التاريخ بداية:16 فبراير 2018  نهاية:26 أكتوبر 2018  المنظم اتحاد أيرلندا لكرة القدم  البطل نادي دوندالك  مباريات ملعوبة 180   عدد المشاركين 10   د...

 

  هذه المقالة عن دولة في القرن الأفريقي. لالمملكة القديمة، طالع بنط.   أرض البنط ولاية أرض البنط الصومالية  أرض البنطعلم أرض البنط  أرض البنطالشعار   الأرض والسكان إحداثيات 8°24′N 48°30′E / 8.4°N 48.5°E / 8.4; 48.5   المساحة 212510 كيلومتر مربع  عاصمة غاروي...

ميزات تشوه مستوي في الكوارتز تميزة بصفتة كوارتز مصدوم ميزات تشوه مستوي، هي ميزات مجهرية يمكن التعرف عليها بصريا في بليرات السيليكات المعدنية (عادة الكوارتز[1] أو الفلسبار)، تتألف من مستويات ضيقة جدا من المواد الزجاجية مرتبة في مجموعات متوازية لها توجهات متميزة تتعلق ب�...

 

Planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals The four terrestrial planets of the Solar System: Mercury and Venus Earth and Mars Not shown to scale A terrestrial planet, telluric planet, or rocky planet, is a planet that is composed primarily of silicate, rocks or metals. Within the Solar System, the terrestrial planets accepted by the IAU are the inner planets closest to the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. Among astronomers who use the geophysical definition of a planet,...