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Programmer's Calculators were a small product category of digital calculators that existed during the 1970s and 1980s, focused on bitwise and logical operations. The three primary brands that produced programmer's calculators were Texas Instruments, Hewlett Packard, and Casio. These calculators saw minor popularity, but not enough to justify their own market segment. Many of their features were later integrated into more general-purpose scientific and graphing calculators.

Programmer's calculators were often used by programmers working in low level programming languages, who often had to heavily manipulate individual bits of computer data. This task is often difficult and tedious to do by hand. Programmer's Calculators were designed with the intent of making these tasks easier to handle and test, as a programmer may not have had full access to the computer they were working on, and would want to debug their code as much as possible before testing it.

The ability to convert between Binary, Hexadecimal, Octal, and Decimal representations of numbers is a common need addressed by programmer's calculators, this function was especially useful when computers often had word lengths that didn't conform to easy "byte" boundaries. Such machines were common during the period when Programmer's Calculators were mostly produced. This is also the reason that programmer's calculators often had user-definable word length for numbers they worked with, since a user might, for example, need to test how a machine using six bit numbers would handle certain operations.

From the 1970s to 1980s, a small number of calculators were produced that fell into the category of "programmer's calculators", best known being the TI-Programmer and HP-16C. Later on, general purpose calculators acquired many features that were common in programmer's calculators, and enthusiasts created software simulators for the HP-16C.

The earliest calculator with some features targeting computer programmers was the Texas Instruments SR-22 desktop calculator released in 1973. It featured the ability to display numbers in the Hexadecimal, Decimal, and Octal bases, though lacked the bitwise and logical operators that are generally considered to define a calculator as fitting in the category.

The first calculator to be marketed specifically for usage by a computer programmer was the TI-Programmer released in 1979, and featuring the ability to display numbers in hexadecimal, octal, and decimal, alongside logical operators such as AND, OR, and XOR, and the ability to "bit shift" a number, as well as the ability to work with either unsigned or one's complement integers. The TI-Programmer later received an upgraded model in 1982

in 1982 Hewlett Packard released the HP-16C, as part of the "voyager" line of landscape calculators. the 16C had a similar featureset to the TI-Programmer, including bitwise operations, and the ability to display numbers in hex, decimal, octal, and binary, but it also had features not available on TI's calculator, including user-definable word length from 1 to 64 bits, a bit mask feature, support for two's complement integers, and a programming mode. At the time the 16C reviewed well^[1], but it was noted that the calculator's price ($199 MSRP) may have been prohibitive to some.

in 1985 Casio released the CM-100^[2] calculator, which had a similar featureset to the TI-Programmer, and the ability to define a word length of 4, 16, 32, or 64 bits. It could not be programmed as the HP-16C could, but had a significantly lower cost than the 16C. Also released in 1985 was the Fx-560, which included bitwise operations and base-switching as secondary functions alongside a more standard featureset for a scientific calculator.

as the power of calculators increased, and the calculator market became more solidly divided into four-function, scientific, and graphing calculators, Programmer's Calculators as deticated devices largely stopped being produced, their deticated features were instead integrated into the featuresets of more advanced general-purpose calculators.

In 1995, an open source application which simulated an HP-16C released called WRPN. over the years it has recieved numerous updates and improvements. As well, a version of the simulator written for Google's Flutter API called JRPN exists, and has ports to many platforms.