PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Draft:Mapheus

  • Comment: Notable, but needs more references, thank you Ozzie10aaaa (talk) 16:08, 22 January 2025 (UTC)

Mapheus is a German sounding rocket programme run by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) since 2009.[1][2] It is a research platform for experiments in weightlessness (microgravity) of the DLR Institute of Frontier Materials on Earth and in Space,[3] the DLR Institute of Aerospace Medicine,[4] and the DLR Mobile Rocket Basis MORABA. Each sub-orbital flight provides about 6 minutes of weightlessness conditions for research and technology development.[5]

MAPHEUS is one of the European microgravity-research rocket programs, similar to the TEXUS or MASER/SubOrbital Express programs of the German and European space agencies (DLR and ESA). It currently focuses on research from materials physics and life sciences, and also serves as a technology test platform for the development and qualification of new sounding rocket vehicles and service systems.

Overview

MAPHEUS 1–4 (2009–2013)

The first four launches of MAPHEUS were based on a two-stage Nike/Improved Orion vehicle, supporting payload with 14" diameter of around 190kg weight for flights up to around 150km height.[6][7]

MAPHEUS 5–8 (2015–2019)

With MAPHEUS 5, there was a switch to the VSB-30 two-stage vehicle and larger 17" payload, supporting heavier payloads for flights up to around 250km height. For MAPHEUS 7, the S-31 engine booster of the VSB-30 was combined with an Improved Malemute as the second stage.[8]

MAPHEUS 9–13 (2021–2023)

To establish an alternative to the VSB-30 vehicle, after MAPHEUS 8 a switch was performed to a two-stage Imroved Malemute (IM-IM) vehicle, using military surplus motors.[9]

Due to restrictions posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and due to inavailability of the Skylark launcher on Esrange, the launches of MAPHEUS 9/10 were postponed to 2021/2022, and MAPHEUS 11 was launched in 2021 with a much reduced experiment team. All IM-IM launches for MAPHEUS used the MAN launcher on Esrange.[10]

MAPHEUS 14– (2024–)

The launch of MAPHEUS 14 saw the first production use of RED KITE, a new sounding rocket motor produced by Bayern-Chemie and developed in cooperation with German Aerospace Center. MAPHEUS 15 demonstrated a flight to over 300km height, providing more than 7 minutes of time in weightlessness for more than 20 different experiments[11]. It was also the 600th rocket launched from Esrange Space Center.[12] MAPHEUS 16 was the first use of a two-stage RED KITE vehicle.

List of MAPHEUS launches

name launch date vehicle apogee total payload mass
MAPHEUS 1[6] May 22, 2009 Nike/Improved Orion 141km 198kg
MAPHEUS 2[13] Oct 27, 2010 Nike/Improved Orion 153km 178kg
MAPHEUS 3[7] Nov 25, 2012 Nike/Improved Orion 145km 195kg
MAPHEUS 4[14] Jul 15, 2013 S-30 154km 267kg
MAPHEUS 5[15] Jun 30, 2015 VSB-30 253km 408kg
MAPHEUS 6[16] May 14, 2017 VSB-30 254km 403kg
MAPHEUS 7[8] Feb 17, 2018 S-31/Improved Malemute 248km 365kg
MAPHEUS 8[17] Jun 13, 2019 VSB-30 238km 379kg
MAPHEUS 11[9] May 24, 2021 IM/IM 221km 370kg
MAPHEUS 10[10] Dec 6, 2021 IM/IM 259km 310kg
MAPHEUS 9[18] Jan 29, 2022< IM/IM 253km 328kg
MAPHEUS 12[19] Oct 21, 2022 IM/IM 258km 313kg
MAPHEUS 13[20] May 22, 2023 IM/IM 230km 361kg
MAPHEUS 14[21] Feb 27, 2024 RED KITE/IM 265km 426kg
MAPHEUS 15[11] Nov 11, 2024 RED KITE/IM 309km 361kg
MAPHEUS 16 Nov 13, 2025 RED KITE/RED KITE 267km 475kg
MAPHEUS 17 (Oct 2026) RED KITE/IM

See also

References

  1. ^ "MAPHEUS®". German Aerospace Center. Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  2. ^ "MAPHEUS - Materialforschung unter Schwerelosigkeit". German Aerospace Center. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
  3. ^ "Institute of Materials Physics in Space, German Aerospace Center". Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  4. ^ "Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center". Retrieved 2024-02-24.
  5. ^ Kargl, Florian, ed. (2019). Materials and Life Science Experiments for the Sounding Rocket MAPHEUS. American Institute of Physics. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
  6. ^ a b Stamminger A, et al. "MAPHEUS-1: Vehicle, Subsystem Design, Flight Performance and Experiments". Proceedings of the 19th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research. pp. 411–416. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
  7. ^ a b Siegl M, et al. "Material Physics Rockets MAPHEUS-3/4: Flights and Developments". Proceedings of the 21st ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research. p. 721. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
  8. ^ a b "MAPHEUS-7: Mehr als sechs Minuten Schwerelosigkeit für Experimente aus Materialphysik und Biologie" (in German). 2018-02-20. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
  9. ^ a b "Completed Rocket Mission MAPHEUS 11". 2021-05-04. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
  10. ^ a b "Swedish Space Corporation Rocket Launches Resume At Esrange Space Center In Sweden". 2021-12-06. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
  11. ^ a b "600th Arctic rocket launch successfully conducted by DLR". Space Daily. 2024-11-13. Retrieved 2024-12-04.
  12. ^ "The 600th rocket – a story of Swedish space (part 2)". 2024-11-08. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
  13. ^ "Schwerelos experimentieren: DLR startet Forschungsrakete Mapheus-2" (in German). 2010-11-12. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
  14. ^ "Mapheus-4: Röntgenaufnahmen aus der Schwerelosigkeit" (in German). 2013-07-21. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
  15. ^ "Höhenforschungsrakete Mapheus-5: Start hinter dem Polarkreis" (in German). 2015-06-30. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
  16. ^ "Schwebende Schmelzen und Biomembranen: DLR-Forschungsrakete Mapheus-6 gestartet" (in German). 2017-05-14. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
  17. ^ "MAPHEUS: Vom hohen Norden ins All" (in German). 2019-06-14. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
  18. ^ "Another MAPHEUS launched: All systems worked perfectly". 2022-01-31. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
  19. ^ "Successful launch of MAPHEUS 12". German Aerospace Center. 2022-10-21. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
  20. ^ "Höhenforschungsrakete MAPHEUS-13: Start in einen sonnigen Tag" (in German). German Aerospace Center. 2023-05-25. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
  21. ^ "MAPHEUS 14 high-altitude research rocket takes flight". Space Daily. 2024-02-29. Retrieved 2024-02-29.

Category:Space science experiments Category:Suborbital spaceflight Category:Sounding rockets Category:Sounding rockets of Germany

Content Disclaimer

Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.

  1. The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
  2. There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
  3. It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
  4. Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
  5. Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.