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Draft:CPM Educational Program

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CPM Educational Program
Founded1989 (1989)
FounderGroup of secondary mathematics teachers and university faculty
Type501(c)(3) nonprofit
FocusMathematics education for grades 6–12
Location
ProductsTextbooks and professional development
Websitecpm.org
Formerly called
College Preparatory Mathematics

The CPM Educational Program (formerly College Preparatory Mathematics) is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in Sacramento, California, that develops and publishes mathematics curricula and professional development materials for middle and high school students (grades 6–12). Its materials emphasize problem-based learning, collaborative group work, and mixed spaced practice (distributed practice over time) rather than traditional lecture-based instruction with upfront definitions and algorithms.[1][2]

History

CPM originated in 1989 from a group of approximately 30 Sacramento-area secondary mathematics teachers collaborating with university faculty. They received federal Eisenhower grants to develop alternatives to conventional algebra instruction, focusing on structured group problem-solving.[1]

By the late 1990s, the materials were in use in a significant portion of California schools. In 1999, a panel convened by the United States Department of Education designated CPM as one of five "exemplary" high school mathematics programs.[3] This recognition occurred amid the math wars, intense debates over mathematics pedagogy in the U.S., particularly in California. More than 200 mathematicians and scientists signed an open letter criticizing the Department of Education's selections, arguing that the programs (including CPM) overemphasized discovery-based methods at the expense of direct instruction and procedural fluency.[4][5]

CPM later incorporated as a nonprofit under its current name. It expanded to middle school courses and aligned its materials with the Common Core State Standards. Its curricula have been reviewed and adopted in various states and districts, including multiple approvals in California.[6]

Curriculum and approach

CPM's textbooks and digital materials are available in both traditional and integrated pathways for grades 6–12. Key features include lessons built around complex problems that students tackle in small groups before formal concepts are summarized (often in "Math Notes" sections). The program incorporates spaced practice through homework that revisits earlier topics.[2]

Independent curriculum reviewer EdReports evaluated CPM materials in the context of Common Core alignment. In its initial high school mathematics reviews (2016), CPM's integrated series was noted as achieving stronger alignment ratings in some categories compared to several major commercial publishers.[7]

Reception and research

Research on CPM's effectiveness has produced mixed results. A 2003 Urban Institute evaluation found no statistically significant differences in standardized test scores between students using CPM and comparison groups, though it noted potential benefits in conceptual understanding and student attitudes toward mathematics.[1] A 2009 best-evidence synthesis by Robert Slavin and colleagues reviewed secondary mathematics programs and found mixed outcomes for inquiry-oriented curricula like CPM, consistent with the broader research base at the time.[2]

CPM has supporters who highlight its focus on student engagement, equity, and deeper understanding, particularly for diverse learners. Critics, including some mathematicians, parents, and educators, argue that its minimal direct instruction and reliance on discovery learning can hinder procedural fluency and disadvantage students without strong foundational skills or independent learning support. Local controversies have arisen in districts adopting CPM, with complaints about pacing, lack of examples in texts, and impacts on test performance.[8][9]

References

  1. ^ a b c Evaluation of the College Preparatory Mathematics Program (PDF) (Report). Urban Institute. 2003. Retrieved 2026-04-28.
  2. ^ a b c Slavin, Robert E.; Lake, Cynthia; Groff, Cynthia (2009). "Effective Programs in Middle and High School Mathematics: A Best-Evidence Synthesis". Review of Educational Research. 79 (2): 839–911. doi:10.3102/0034654308330968.
  3. ^ "'Exemplary' Texts Withdrawn From Calif. Adoption Process". Education Week. October 11, 2000. Retrieved 2026-04-28.
  4. ^ Schoenfeld, Alan H. (2004). "The Math Wars". Educational Policy. 18 (1): 253–286. doi:10.1177/0895904803260042.
  5. ^ "Reviews of CPM Math: College Preparatory Mathematics". NYC HOLD. Retrieved 2026-04-28.
  6. ^ "2014 Mathematics Primary Adoption". California Department of Education. Retrieved 2026-04-28.
  7. ^ Gewertz, Catherine (June 15, 2016). "Major Publishers Get Poor Reviews for High School Common-Core Math Books". Education Week. Retrieved 2026-04-28.
  8. ^ "Pros and Cons of the CPM Math Textbook Series". EduIssues. August 28, 2017. Retrieved 2026-04-28.
  9. ^ "An evaluation of the CPM math curriculum: what can be ..." Amador Valley Today. December 7, 2021. Retrieved 2026-04-28.

Category:Educational organizations based in California Category:Mathematics education in the United States Category:Non-profit organizations based in California Category:Organizations established in 1989

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