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Bisen

Bisen is a Rajput clan primarily found in India. They are the descendants of Chandraketu, the son of Lord Lakshman, the younger brother of Lord Ram.[1] They are the Suryavanshi Rajputs (Solar Dynasty), who ruled the parts of the Northeast Uttar Pradesh. The Bisen (or Vishen) name of this Rajput dynasty comes from their King Raja Vishwasen, the ruler of the Kakradih estate. The main palace of the Bisen Rajputs is Majhauli Raj, which was their place of origin.[2][3]

A painting depicting Raja Kaushal Kishore Mall of Majhauli Raj.

Etymology

The Bisen Rajputs generally use the surnames like Mall, Singh Bisen (or Vishen), and Shahi. The title of Mall was given by Lord Ram to Chandraketu (ancestor of the clan).[4] The title of Singh Bisen (or Vishen) is the short form of their King's name Raja Vishwasen (founder of the clan).[5] They use the title of Shahi as they are from the royal background.

Statue of Lord Lakshman at Srivaikuntanathan Perumal temple.

Origin

Lord Lakshman had two sons, Angad and Chandraketu. Lord Ram gave Angad the kingdom of western part of the Karupath and Chandraketu got the eastern part of the Karupath. Chandraketu made Chandrakanta his capital. The eastern part of the modern Basti district and the western part of Gorakhpur were known as the country of Karupath.[6] The eastern region of Karupath was called Chandrakanta. Chandrakanta was the Mall land (Mall Bhumi).[7]

Lord Ram's two sons Kush and Lav got the kingdom of Kushavati and the kingdom of Shravasti respectively. Kushavati was located at the eastern end of the Karupath within the Kosala kingdom and corresponds to modern Kushinagar (Kasya). The eastern boundary of the Kosala kingdom was the large Gandak River. Shravasti would have been located exactly east of Kushinagar and not very far from it, though its exact location is still uncertain. Kush loved Kushavati very much. After the death of Lord Ram, Kush was crowned king. He ruled the Kosala kingdom for some time with Kushavati as his capital. Later, at the request of the people of Ayodhya, he went to Ayodhya. Lav also left Shravasti and went to Ayodhya, making Shravasti his capital. As a result of Kush and Lava returning to Ayodhya, almost the entire eastern part of the Kosala kingdom came under Chandraketu. He left Chandrakanta and made Kushavati his capital. From that time Kushavati (Kushinagar) remained the capital of the Mall nation, which continued until the Buddhist period.[8]

Coat of Arms of the Bisen Rajputs.

History

The Bisen Rajputs come from the Mall Mahajanpad.[9] Before Raja Vishwasen the Bisen(or Vishen) were known as Malls (or Mallakas). The population of Mallakas was divided into two branches, each organised into a ganasangha (an Aristocracy Oligarchy Republic), presently referred to as the Mall Republics, which were part of the larger Vajjika League. The territories of the two Mall republics were divided by the river named Hirannavati in Pali, and Hiranyavati in Sanskrit, and the two branches of the Mall republics were Kusinara and Pava modern day as Kushinagar and Fazilnagar respectively. Kusinara north capital of the republic was close to the Sakya capital of Kapilavatthu to its north-east, and Pava south capital of the republic was close to the Lichchhavi capital Vesali. After the death of the 24th Tirthankara Lord Mahavira at Pava, the Mallakas and the Lichchhavikas jointly instituted a festival of lights to commemorate his passing. Lord Buddha spent his final days in the Mall republic of Kusinara and when he sent Ananda to inform the Mallakas of Kusinara of his impending death, Ananda found the Mallaka Council holding a meeting about public affairs in their santhagar.[10]

When Ananda went again to the Mallakas of Kusinara to inform them of the Buddha's passing, he found them this time holding a meeting to discuss the funeral ceremony of the Buddha in the santhagar. After the Buddha's cremation, his remains were honoured in the santhagar of Kusinara for seven days, and it was in this santhagar that the Mallakas of Kusinara received the envoys of Magadha, Lichchhavi, Shakya, Buli, Koliya, the Mallakas of Pava, and Moriya, who all went to Kusinara to claim their shares of the Buddha's relics. The Lichchhavikas, the Mallakas, and the Sakyas were able to claim shares of the relics, but the other members of the Vajjika League, the Vaidehas and the Nayikas, were not among the states claiming a share because they were dependencies of the Lichchhavikas without their own sovereignty, and therefore could not put forth their own claim while Lichchhavi could. The Mallakas of Pava were the first ones to arrive with an army to Kusinara, and they put forth their claim to the relics in rude and hostile terms. In the end, each Mall republic obtained a share of the Buddha's relics and built their own stupas and gave their own feasts to commemorate this event.[11]

War over the Buddha's Relics held by the city of Kusinara, South Gate, Stupa no.1, Sanchi.
A sketch of the Bisen Rajputs in their native costume.

Sub clans

  • Vatmela clan
  • Gai clan
  • Dagi clan
  • Bambwat clan
  • Awkaho clan
  • Tawkaho clan
  • Donwar clan

Reference

  1. ^ Valmiki, Maharishi. Valmiki Ramayan. Gita Press, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. pp. Uttarkand, Sarg 102.
  2. ^ Mall, M.N (2005). Vishen Vansh Darpan. Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. p. 10.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ Singh, Jagdish Narayan (2017). Itihaas Lauta (4th ed.). Aradali Bazar, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. p. 91.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ Mall, M.N (2005). Vishen Vansh Darpan. Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. p. 13.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^ Mall, M.N (2005). Vishen Vansh Darpan. Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. p. 1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^ Mall, M.N (2005). Vishen Vansh Darpan. Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. p. 14.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^ Anguttara Nikaya. pp. Sutta Pitaka, 1 Nipata.
  8. ^ Mall, M.N (2005). Vishen Vansh Darpan. Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. p. 15.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. ^ Mall, M.N (2005). Vishen Vansh Darpan. Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. p. 17.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  10. ^ Sharma, J.P (1968). Republics in Ancient India, C. 1500 B.C.-500 B.C. pp. 169–181.
  11. ^ Sharma, J.P (1968). Republics in Ancient India, C. 1500 B.C.-500 B.C. pp. 85–135.

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