Margaret Louise Comingore (August 24, 1913 – December 30, 1971), known professionally as Dorothy Comingore, was an American stage and film actress.[2] When starting out in minor film roles, she was billed as Linda Winters. Before that, she appeared on stage and on radio as Kay Winters. Her breakthrough as an actress came when she starred as Susan Alexander Kane in Citizen Kane (1941), the critically acclaimed debut film of Orson Welles. However, her acting career was ended prematurely in 1951 by the Hollywood blacklist. The following year she refused to answer questions or "name names" when called before the House Un-American Activities Committee.
Early years
Margaret Louise Comingore was born in Los Angeles, but spent most of her childhood in Oakland, California.[3] In one of her first mentions in a newspaper, she was described as "a one-time Oakland school girl."[4] Her father William Paxton Comingore was an electrotyper. He was also a union organizer, which influenced her political education.[3][5] Her older sister Lucille operated a San Francisco nightclub.[6] Comingore attended the University of California, Berkeley where she studied philosophy.[7]
Film career
She lived for a while in Taos, New Mexico, and then returned to California to work in the theater.[3] In March 1938, she was noticed by Charles Chaplin in Carmel, California when she was acting in a small playhouse alongside her love interest (and probable husband) at the time, Robert Meltzer.[8][9] Chaplin was impressed with both of them and urged them to relocate to Hollywood. Whether Chaplin played a significant role in Comingore's subsequent film career is questionable. In an April 1938 profile in the Oakland Tribune, she denied being his protégé and indicated that press reports had exaggerated the limited contact she had with him and one of his assistants, Tim Durant.[4]
However, the encounter with Chaplin did stimulate her interest in film acting. Through a friend at the Carmel theater, she obtained a Hollywood agent who got her a screen test, and from there she secured a contract with Warner Bros. Initially, she played mostly bit parts, sometimes uncredited, in a series of "B movies" until Orson Welles cast her as Susan Alexander, the second wife of press tycoon Charles Foster Kane, in his debut feature film Citizen Kane (1941). By now she had switched from "Linda Winters" to her original surname "Dorothy Comingore".[10] Her performance garnered glowing reviews. The Los Angeles Times singled out Comingore as "an important acquisition for pictures".[11]The Hollywood Reporter wrote that she "is put through a range of emotions that would try any actress one could name, but she delivers without a second's let-down. Citizen Kane should make this girl a star."[12]
Dorothy Comingore, Orson Welles and Ray Collins in Citizen Kane
In demand from other studios but denied loanouts by her new studio employer, RKO Pictures, Comingore fell ill, was ordered to go on bed rest, was suspended by RKO, and found no suitable work on her return. William Randolph Hearst's newspapers had meanwhile damaged her reputation by claiming she possessed Communist leanings. She ended up on a government watch list for "distributing Communist literature to negroes."[13] She had also canvassed door-to-door for actor and State Assembly hopeful Albert Dekker; worked with musician Lead Belly and singer Paul Robeson to desegregate whites-only USO clubs; signed on as a co-sponsor of the Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee;[14][15] and promoted "union solidarity". A few years later, when the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) gained ascendancy, and the FBI had amassed a "thick" file on her political activities, she became a target.[13]
Kathleen Sharp wrote that as a consequence of Citizen Kane, the actress "also had acquired a powerful enemy – the 78-year-old Hearst. The media mogul so hated Dorothy's portrayal of his mistress, 44-year-old Marion Davies, that he used his chain of newspapers and radio stations to smear the young woman. Hearst's columnists Hedda Hopper and Walter Winchell publicly accused Dorothy of belonging to the 'Party', in this case the Communist Party, and borrowed Orwellian 'newspeak' to malign her."[16]
Comingore's supposed CPUSA connections harmed her in the highly publicized legal battle she waged against her ex-husband, screenwriter Richard J. Collins, for custody of their son and daughter.[17] A former CPUSA member, Collins volunteered to testify before the HUAC and named over twenty colleagues as Communists.[18][19] As a result of his cooperative testimony, and because Comingore was accused of being an unfit mother,[20] he won the custody battle.[13]
According to Peter Bogdanovich's DVD commentary on Citizen Kane, Comingore hindered her growth as an actress by refusing too many roles that she felt were uninteresting. This occurred in the wake of her Citizen Kane success—and before she was derailed by personal and political troubles—when parts were still being offered to her. For example, she passed on the chance to star in an adaptation of the Damon Runyon story, "Little Pinks" (it was made instead with Lucille Ball in 1942 under the title The Big Street). That incident came after she turned down assignments in Unexpected Uncle (1941) and Valley of the Sun (1942), which triggered her RKO suspension.[21] She did appear in the film version of the Eugene O'Neill play The Hairy Ape (1944) with William Bendix, Susan Hayward, and John Loder. Comingore's last movie credit was a supporting role in The Big Night (1951).
Her career effectively came to a halt in 1951 when she was victimized by the Hollywood blacklist.[22] The following year, she was summoned to testify before the HUAC about her reputed CPUSA connections. She opted to be an "unfriendly witness" who declined on constitutional grounds to answer questions or name names.[23][24] She was then accused in child custody hearings of being a heavy drinker, and on March 19, 1953, she was arrested for "solicitation", i.e., prostitution, in West Hollywood.[25] The arrest was suspected by some to have been a frameup orchestrated by the local L.A.vice squad in coordination with the HUAC.[13] Comingore shared this suspicion, asserting in the press shortly afterwards that her arrest was "part of my being an 'unfriendly witness.'"[26] In exchange for having the solicitation charge dropped, she had to agree to be committed to Camarillo State Mental Hospital, where she was institutionalized for approximately two years.[22]
She never acted on stage or screen again. In the 1960s, when Professor Howard Suber of the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television was researching the history of the Citizen Kane screenplay, Comingore was one of the film's participants he interviewed. His research was later used by Pauline Kael for her controversial 1971 essay, "Raising Kane".[27]: 157, 161, 166 A copy of the Comingore interview is in the Lilly Library collection at Indiana University Bloomington.[28]
Personal life
Comingore was married briefly in the late 1930s to actor-writer Robert Meltzer.[8][29] She then married screenwriter Richard Collins. They had two children and were divorced in 1946.[17] Her other husbands were screenwriter Theodore Strauss,[30] with whom she had one child; and John W. Crowe, a rural postal carrier and the owner of a small store called the "Crowe's Nest" in Lords Point, Connecticut. She met him in 1957 and they remained together until her death in 1971.[3]
Comingore struggled with alcohol abuse during her later years, to the extent that she lost custody of her two children with Collins.[30] Alcoholism was also believed to have shortened her life.[22]
Death
Although Comingore was mostly confined in her final years by arthritis and failing health, she was said to have found relative contentment during that time while living in seclusion in her seaside home with her husband John Crowe.[3][24]
Comingore died of pulmonary disease on December 30, 1971, in Stonington, Connecticut. She was 58.[22] Her ashes were scattered in multiple locations. As of 2021, there was no monument or plaque to mark her passing. Her descendants and fans were seeking to erect a Dorothy Comingore memorial.[19]
Cultural references
In Guilty by Suspicion, Irwin Winkler's 1991 film set during the Hollywood blacklist, Comingore inspired the character of Dorothy Nolan, an actress who is harassed by the HUAC.[18]
^Beach, Randall (March 23, 2022). "The son of a tragic Hollywood actress wants to tell her story". Connecticut Magazine. CT Insider. In her HUAC testimony, Comingore cited the influence her mother had on her political beliefs: "[M]y philosophy taught me by my mother is based on compassion for all of the people struggling to live in dignity."
^"The Knave". Oakland Tribune. May 12, 1938. p. 9. Retrieved January 16, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
^ ab"Ranger Robert Meltzer". The Descendants of World War II Rangers. His girlfriend was Dorothy Comingore and [they] may have been briefly married but no documents found to document it.
^Slosberg, Steven (June 3, 2024). "Postscripts: Early lover of Dorothy Comingore died in the war in '44 ... 'but still he matters'". The Westerly Sun. Meltzer met Comingore when they were both students at Berkeley, where he was an activist and became editor of the campus humor magazine, the 'California Pelican.' Among his contributions...was signing off on several pages of socialist artwork, which caused unrest on the campus, as well editorializing against bigotry in America.
^McGilligan, Patrick; Buhle, Paul (1997). "Betsy Blair Reisz". Tender Comrades: A Backstory of the Hollywood Blacklist. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 544–545n. ISBN0-312-17046-7.
^ abBeach, Randall (March 23, 2022). "The son of a tragic Hollywood actress wants to tell her story". Connecticut Magazine. CT Insider. A friend recalled about Comingore: "She had very distinct feelings about what was right and what was wrong. And 'ratting' on people was something she would never do."
^Bromwich, David (January 26, 2012). "My son has been poisoned!". London Review of Books. Vol. 34, no. 2. pp. 11–13. This is a review of J. Hoberman's An Army of Phantoms: American Movies and the Making of the Cold War, which mentions Comingore's punishment for non-cooperation with the HUAC.
^ abcdOkuda, Ted; Watz, Edward (1998). The Columbia Comedy Shorts: Two-Reel Hollywood Film Comedies, 1933–1958. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company. ISBN9781476610108.
