Dooreh, Iraq

Dooreh
Dooreh is located in Iraq
Dooreh
Dooreh
Location in Iraq
Dooreh is located in Iraqi Kurdistan
Dooreh
Dooreh
Dooreh (Iraqi Kurdistan)
Coordinates: 37°13′24″N 43°28′7″E / 37.22333°N 43.46861°E / 37.22333; 43.46861
Country Iraq
Region Kurdistan Region
GovernorateDohuk Governorate
DistrictAmadiya District

Dooreh (Kurdish: دورێ,[1] Syriac: ܕܘܪܐ)[2][nb 1] is a village in Dohuk Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located near the Iraq–Turkey border in the Amadiya District and the historical region of Barwari.

In the village, there is a church of Mar Gewargis,[5] and the ruins of the monastery of Mar Qayyoma.[3] There was previously two shrines dedicated to Mart Maryam and Mar Apius and four cemeteries.[3]

Etymology

It is suggested that the name of the village is derived from "dūru(m)" ("fortress, wall" in Akkadian).[3] The Akkadian word is loaned into Syriac as ܕܘܼܪܵܐ dūrā (ridge, enclosure) with the plural ܕܘܼܪܹ̈ܐ dūrē, same as the name of the village.[6][7]

History

The remains of a fortress nearby Dooreh have been dated to the early period of Assyria in the late third millennium BC, and likely inspired the village's name.[8] The monastery of Mar Qayyoma was founded in the 4th-century AD, and the church of Mar Gewargis was first constructed in 909.[3] The monastery of Mar Qayyoma is first mentioned in the mentioned in the 10th-century Life of Rabban Joseph Busnaya, and had become the seat of the Church of the East diocese of Barwari by 1610.[9] Dooreh itself is mentioned in a manuscript of 1683.[9] In 1850, 20-40 Church of the East families inhabited Dooreh, and were served by two functioning churches and four priests.[3]

Prior to the First World War, Dooreh was populated by 200 Assyrians,[3] who were forced to flee under the leadership of Agha Petros to the vicinity of Urmia in Iran, amidst the Assyrian genocide.[4] Whilst in Iran, 90 villagers died, and 30 women and children were either killed or abducted,[3] and the survivors were settled at the refugee camp at Baqubah in 1918.[10] After residing there for two years, 90 people eventually returned to Dooreh.[10] Dooreh was temporarily deserted again in the early 1930s due to the conflict between the Turkish government and the Kurdish Emir of Barwari.[4] 35 families inhabited the village in 1938, and the population of Dooreh was recorded as 296 people in 1957.[3]

At the onset of the First Iraqi–Kurdish War in 1961, 75 families in 40 houses resided at Dooreh,[4] and the village was damaged by a napalm attack during the war in 1968.[3] Despite this damage, the population increased to 100 families in 75 houses by 1978, in which year on 8 August the village was destroyed by the Iraqi government, and much of its population was forcibly resettled at Batifa.[3] The village's destruction was total, as all houses, churches, farms, and orchards were obliterated.[3] In the aftermath of the 1991 uprisings in Iraq, 30 families returned to Dooreh,[4] and the church of Mar Gewargis was rebuilt in 1995 with support from the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg.[5]

By 2011, the Supreme Committee of Christian Affairs had constructed 37 houses and a hall,[2] and the village was inhabited by 250 adherents of the Assyrian Church of the East in the following year.[11] Dooreh was struck by Turkish airstrikes on 1 September 2018 as part of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict.[12]

Notable people

References

Notes

  1. ^ Alternatively transliterated as Dūre,[3] Dore,[4] Dura,[5] or Doore.[2]

Citations

  1. ^ "2009 - ناوی پاریزگا. يه که کارگيرييه كانی پاریزگاكانی هه ریمی کوردستان" (PDF). Kurdistan Region Statistics Office (KRSO) (in Kurdish). p. 154. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  2. ^ a b c "Doore". Ishtar TV. 5 July 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Donabed (2015), pp. 294–296.
  4. ^ a b c d e Eshoo (2004), pp. 2–3.
  5. ^ a b c "Mar Gewargiz church – Dura". Ishtar TV. 8 October 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  6. ^ "The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon". cal.huc.edu. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  7. ^ Serikoff, N. I.; Kashaf, Sh. R. (19 December 2022). "[Book Review:] Brock, Sebastian P. and Kiraz, George A. Gorgias Concise Syriac-English, English-Syriac Dictionary. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press; 2015. https://doi.org/10.31826/9781463235550". Orientalistica. 5 (4): 992–999. doi:10.31696/2618-7043-2022-5-4-992-999. ISSN 2687-0738. S2CID 255029809.
  8. ^ Donabed (2010), pp. 165–168.
  9. ^ a b Wilmshurst (2000), pp. 149–151.
  10. ^ a b Khan (2008), p. 1889.
  11. ^ "Christian Communities in the Kurdistan Region". Iraqi Kurdistan Christianity Project. 2012. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  12. ^ "Human Rights Report 2018: Struggling to Breathe: the Systematic Repression of Assyrians" (PDF). Assyrian Confederation of Europe. 1 April 2019. p. 26. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  13. ^ Donabed (2015), p. 151.

Bibliography


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