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Domingo Martínez de Irala (1509 – 3 October 1556) was a Spanish-Basque conquistador.
He headed for America in 1535 enrolled in the expedition of Pedro de Mendoza and participated in the founding of Buenos Aires. He explored the Paraná and Paraguay Rivers along with Juan de Ayolas and was commanding the rear-guard when Ayolas' advance party was wiped out by the Payagua Indians.
Unique in Spanish America, the colony had been granted by Charles V the right to elect its own commander under such circumstances;[1][2] and in August 1538, de Irala was elected by the conquistadors as Captain General of the Río de la Plata.
In 1539, Irala began to move the inhabitants of Buenos Aires to Asunción, and the city was abandoned by 1541.
He outlasted Charles V's appointee, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, whom he had recalled to Spain for trial as a traitor. Although Juan de Sanabria and his son Diego were appointed governor in 1547 and 1549, they never fulfilled their commissions, and de Irala was confirmed by the king as governor in 1552.
He ruled forcefully until his death around 1556. During his rule, he had churches and public buildings erected, towns established, and the native population subjugated and distributed among the colonists in encomiendas. He was succeeded by Gonzalo de Mendoza.
Irala had 70 Guaraní concubines, and his surname fills several pages in the Asunción telephone directory.
^Abente, Diego (1989). "The Liberal Republic and the Failure of Democracy". The Americas. 45 (4): 525–546 (525–526). doi:10.2307/1007311. JSTOR1007311.
^Rivarola, Juan Bautista (1952) La Ciudad de Asunción y la Cédula Real del 12 Setiembre de 1537: Una Lucha por la Libertad (The City of Asunción and the Royal Decree of 12 September 1537: A Fight for Freedom) A. G., Impr. Militar, Asunción, Paraguay, OCLC10830133, in Spanish
