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dir
	The SpartaDOS X DIR command
Developer(s)	DEC, DR, Intel, Cromemco, MetaComCo, Microsoft, IBM, Datalight, ICD, Inc.
Operating system	CP/M, MP/M, ISIS-II, iRMX 86, CDOS, TRIPOS, DOS, MSX-DOS, SISNE plus, 4690 OS, PC-MOS, OS/2, Windows, Singularity, ReactOS, AROS, VMS, RT-11, RSX-11, OS/8, AmigaDOS
Platform	Cross-platform
Type	Command
License	CP/M, MP/M: BSD-like; MS-DOS: MIT; PC-MOS: GPL-3.0-only; ReactOS: GPL

In computing, dir (directory) is a command in various computer operating systems used for computer file and directory listing.^[1] It is one of the basic commands to help navigate the file system. The command is usually implemented as an internal command in the command-line interpreter (shell). On some systems, a more graphical representation of the directory structure can be displayed using the tree command.

Implementations

The command is available in the command-line interface (CLI) of the operating systems Digital Research CP/M,^[2] MP/M,^[3] Intel ISIS-II,^[4] iRMX 86,^[5] Cromemco CDOS,^[6] MetaComCo TRIPOS,^[7] DOS, IBM/Toshiba 4690 OS,^[8] IBM OS/2,^[9] Microsoft Windows,^[10] Singularity, Datalight ROM-DOS,^[11] ReactOS,^[12] GNU,^[13] AROS^[14] and in the DCL command-line interface used on DEC VMS, RT-11 and RSX-11. It is also supplied with OS/8 as a CUSP (Commonly-Used System Program).

The dir command is supported by Tim Paterson's SCP 86-DOS.^[15] On MS-DOS, the command is available in versions 1 and later.^[16] It is also available in the open source MS-DOS emulator DOSBox. MS-DOS prompts "Abort, Retry, Fail?" after being commanded to list a directory with no diskette in the drive.

The numerical computing environments MATLAB and GNU Octave include a dir function with similar functionality.^[17]^[18]

Examples

Directory listing on SCP running on a robotron PC 1715.

DOS, Windows, ReactOS

List all files and directories in the current working directory.

C:\Users>dir

List any text files and batch files (filename extension ".txt" or ".bat").

C:\Users>dir *.txt *.bat

Recursively list all files and directories in the specified directory and any subdirectories, in wide format, pausing after each screen of output. The directory name is enclosed in double-quotes, to prevent it from being interpreted is as two separate command-line options because it contains a whitespace character.

C:\Users>dir /s /w /p "C:\Users\johndoe\My Documents"

List any NTFS junction points:

C:\Users>dir /ash
Volume in drive C is OS.
Volume Serial Number is xxxx-xxxx
Directory of C:\Users
12/07/2019  02:30 AM    <SYMLINKD>     All Users [C:\ProgramData]
12/07/2019  02:30 AM    <JUNCTION>     Default User [C:\Users\Default]
12/07/2019  02:12 AM               174 desktop.ini
              1 File(s)            174 bytes
              2 Dir(s)  332,659,789,824 bytes free

Unices

dir is not a Unix command; Unix has the analogous ls command instead. The GNU operating system, however, has a dir command that "is equivalent to ls -C -b; that is, by default files are listed in columns, sorted vertically, and special characters are represented by backslash escape sequences".^[19] Actually, for compatibility reasons, ls produces device-dependent output. The dir instruction, unlike ls -Cb, produces device-independent output.

References

^ Rügheimer, Hannes; Spanik, Christian (October 22, 1988). AmigaDOS quick reference. Grand Rapids, Mi : Abacus. ISBN 9781557550491 – via Internet Archive.
^ "Operating manual" (PDF). cpm.z80.de. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
^ Digital Research (1981-09-25). MP/M-86 Operating System - User's Guide (PDF) (1 ed.). Pacific Grove, CA, USA: Digital Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-01-04. Retrieved 2017-01-04.
^ ISIS II Users Guide
^ iRMX 86 INTRODUCTION AND OPERATOR'S REFERENCE MANUAL For Release 6
^ CDOS USER'S MANUAL
^ "Introduction to Tripos" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-10-22.
^ [1]^{[dead link‍]}
^ "JaTomes Help - OS/2 Commands". www.jatomes.com. Archived from the original on 2019-04-14. Retrieved 2019-07-20.
^ "MS-DOS and Windows command line dir command". www.computerhope.com.
^ "Datalight ROM-DOS User's Guide" (PDF). www.datalight.com.
^ "GitHub - reactos/reactos: A free Windows-compatible Operating System". October 22, 2019 – via GitHub.
^ "GNU Coreutils Manual". Free Software Foundation.
^ "AROS Research Operating System". aros.sourceforge.net.
^ 86-DOS - Disk Operating System for the 8086 - User's Manual (PDF). Version 0.3 (Preliminary ed.). Seattle, Washington, USA: Seattle Computer Products, Inc. 1980. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-07-14. Retrieved 2019-07-14. (59 pages)
^ Wolverton, Van (2003). Running MS-DOS Version 6.22 (20th Anniversary Edition), 6th Revised edition. Microsoft Press. ISBN 0-7356-1812-7.
^ "List folder contents - MATLAB dir". www.mathworks.com.
^ "Function Reference: dir". octave.sourceforge.io.
^ dir invocation (GNU coreutils) at www.gnu.org

External links

[1] Rügheimer, Hannes; Spanik, Christian (October 22, 1988). AmigaDOS quick reference. Grand Rapids, Mi : Abacus. ISBN 9781557550491 – via Internet Archive.

[2] "Operating manual" (PDF). cpm.z80.de. Retrieved 2019-10-22.

[MP/M_1981_UG-3] Digital Research (1981-09-25). MP/M-86 Operating System - User's Guide (PDF) (1 ed.). Pacific Grove, CA, USA: Digital Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-01-04. Retrieved 2017-01-04.

[4] ISIS II Users Guide

[5] RMX 86 INTRODUCTION AND OPERATOR'S REFERENCE MANUAL For Release 6

[6] CDOS USER'S MANUAL

[7] "Introduction to Tripos" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-10-22.

[8] [1]^{[dead link‍]}

[9] "JaTomes Help - OS/2 Commands". www.jatomes.com. Archived from the original on 2019-04-14. Retrieved 2019-07-20.

[10] "MS-DOS and Windows command line dir command". www.computerhope.com.

[11] "Datalight ROM-DOS User's Guide" (PDF). www.datalight.com.

[12] "GitHub - reactos/reactos: A free Windows-compatible Operating System". October 22, 2019 – via GitHub.

[13] "GNU Coreutils Manual". Free Software Foundation.

[14] "AROS Research Operating System". aros.sourceforge.net.

[15] 86-DOS - Disk Operating System for the 8086 - User's Manual (PDF). Version 0.3 (Preliminary ed.). Seattle, Washington, USA: Seattle Computer Products, Inc. 1980. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-07-14. Retrieved 2019-07-14. (59 pages)

[RUNNINGMSDOS-16] Wolverton, Van (2003). Running MS-DOS Version 6.22 (20th Anniversary Edition), 6th Revised edition. Microsoft Press. ISBN 0-7356-1812-7.

[17] "List folder contents - MATLAB dir". www.mathworks.com.

[18] "Function Reference: dir". octave.sourceforge.io.

[19] r invocation (GNU coreutils) at www.gnu.org

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PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Dir (command)

Implementations

Examples

DOS, Windows, ReactOS

Unices

See also

References

Further reading

External links

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