Dieter Ebert is professor for Zoology and Evolutionary Biology at the Zoological Institute at the University of Basel in Basel, Switzerland. He is an evolutionary ecologist and geneticist, known for his research on host–pathogen interaction and coevolution, mainly using the model system Daphnia and its parasites.
Education and academic positions
Ebert obtained a diploma in Zoology and Ecology in 1988 from the Technical University of Munich, Germany. During his undergraduate studies he spend a year at the University of South Alabama, Alabama. He did a PhD in Evolutionary Biology in 1991 in the group of Stephen C. Stearns, at the University of Basel, Switzerland. In 1991 Ebert spent six months at the Vavilov Institute of General Genetics in Moscow, Russia. This was followed by a junior research fellowship at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama. In 1992 Ebert joined the research group of William (Bill) Hamilton at the University of Oxford, where he started to work on host - parasite interactions. He did a further postdoc in the NERC Centre for Population Biology (CPB) at Silwood Park with John Lawton, before he became Assistant professor at the University of Basel, Switzerland. In 2001 he became Full Professor at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, but moved back to the University of Basel in 2004.
Research
Ebert is mostly known for his work on host - parasite coevolution. During his postdoc at Oxford University he developed the Daphnia - parasite system, as a new model for experimental studies. In particular Daphnia magna has become a model system to understand the genetics, evolution and ecology of host-parasite interaction.....[1] In natural habitats Daphnia are frequently infected with diverse microparasites,[2] and a number of these parasites can be used as models in the laboratory and the field (see section Parasitism at Daphnia magna) using observational, experimental and genomic approaches.
Work from his research group resulted in a number of important findings.
Parasites are mostly more virulent in the host population where they evolved, than in other, new populations, which shows, that contrary to the former believe, parasites do not evolve avirulence while adapting to their hosts.[3]
The Monoculture effects occur also when the host population is not spatially structured, putting emphasize on the absence of a genetic structure of the host population.[4]
Maternal experience influences resistance of offspring to a bacterial parasite.[5]
The mass action principle, a widely used tool in epidemiology, was for the first time supported with strong experimental data using Daphnia magna and its bacterial pathogen Pasteuria ramosa[6]
The coevolution of parasites and their host can be traced in layered pond sediments over several decades and supports the Red Queen hypothesis of coevolution[7][8]
Microbiotas are vital for D. magna too. Without microbiota hosts grow slower, have reduced fecundity and a higher mortality compared to host with microbiota.[9][10]
In recent years genetic and genomic tools were used to understand the mode of inheritance, dominance and epistasis of parasite resistance loci in the host genome.[11][12][13] At the same time the group of Ebert mapped the location of the resistance gene in the genome[14][15] and discovered a Supergene with a cluster of three resistance genes in strong physical linkage[16]
Mentoring
Ebert is known for having a high rate of placing trainees in academic positions. Previous mentees (former PhD students and postdocs) have gone on to PI positions at institutions around the world, for example Tom Little (University of Edinburgh), Christoph Haag (CNRS, Montpellier), Marco Archetti (University of East Anglia, UK & Penn State University, USA), Florian Altermatt (University of Zürich), Pepijn Luijckx (Trinity College, Dublin), Laurence Mouton (University of Lyon), Sabrina Gaba (INRA Dijon), Karen Haag (University de Rio Grande de Sol, Brazil), Frida Ben-Ami (Tel Aviv University), Mathew Hall (Monash University, Australia), Jason Andras (Mount Holyoke, USA), Anne Roulin (University of Zurich), Hirumo Ito (Nagasaki University, Japan) and Marilou Sison-Mangus (University of California, Santa Cruz, USA).
Since 2001, Dieter Ebert is the main organizer of the Guarda summer school in evolutionary biology,[17] a master class for graduate students in evolutionary biology, taking place in the remote Swiss alpine village of Guarda, Switzerland, Canton of Grisons. This summer school was launched by Stephen Stearns in 1987, and had featured an outstanding selection of evolutionary biologist on its faculty, including John Maynard Smith, Georg Williams, W. D. Hamilton, Richard Lenski and Peter and Rosemary Grant.[18]
^Stirnadel, Heide A.; Ebert, Dieter (1997). "Prevalence, Host Specificity and Impact on Host Fecundity of Microparasites and Epibionts in Three Sympatric Daphnia Species". Journal of Animal Ecology. 66 (2): 212–222. doi:10.2307/6023. JSTOR6023.
^Ebert D (1994). Virulence and local adaptation of a horizontally transmitted parasite. Science 265: 1084-1086
^Altermatt F, Ebert D (2008). Genetic diversity of Daphnia magna populations enhances resistance to parasites. Ecol Lett 11: 918-928. Doi 10.1111/J.1461-0248.2008.01203.X
^Ben-Ami F, Ebert D, Regoes RR (2010). Pathogen dose infectivity curves as a method to analyze the distribution of host susceptibility: A quantitative assessment of maternal effects after food stress and pathogen exposure. Am Nat 175: 106-115. 10.1086/648672
^Regoes RR, Hottinger JW, Sygnarski L, Ebert D (2003). The infection rate of Daphnia magna by Pasteuria ramosa conforms with the mass-action principle. Epidemiol Infect 131: 957-966
^Decaestecker E, Gaba S, Raeymaekers JAM, Stoks R, Van Kerckhoven L, Ebert D et al (2007). Host-parasite 'Red Queen' dynamics archived in pond sediment. Nature 450: 870-873
^Ebert D (2008). Host-parasite coevolution: Insights from the Daphnia-parasite model system. Curr Opin Mircobiol 11: 290-301
^Sison-Mangus MP, Mushegian AA, Ebert D (2015). Water fleas require microbiota for survival, growth and reproduction. ISME Journal 9: 59-67. 10.1038/ismej.2014.116
^Mushegian AA, Walser JC, Sullam KE, Ebert D (2018). The microbiota of diapause: How host-microbe associations are formed after dormancy in an aquatic crustacean. J Anim Ecol 87: 400-413. 10.1111/1365-2656.12709
^Luijckx P, Ben-Ami F, Mouton L, Du Pasquier L, Ebert D (2011). Cloning of the unculturable parasite Pasteuria ramosa and its Daphnia host reveals extreme genotype-genotype interactions. Ecol Lett 14: 125-131. 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01561.x
^Luijckx P, Fienberg H, Duneau D, Ebert D (2012). Resistance to a bacterial parasite in the crustacean Daphnia magna shows Mendelian segregation with dominance. Heredity 108: 547-551. 10.1038/hdy.2011.122
^Metzger CMJA, Luijckx P, Bento G, Mariadassou M, Ebert D (2016). The Red Queen lives: Epistasis between linked resistance loci. Evolution 70: 480-487. 10.1111/evo.12854
^Routtu J, Ebert D (2015). Genetic architecture of resistance in Daphnia hosts against two species of host-specific parasites. Heredity 114: 241-248. 10.1038/hdy.2014.97
^Krebs M, Routtu J, Ebert D (2017). QTL mapping of a natural genetic polymorphism for long-term parasite persistence in Daphnia populations. Parasitology 144: 1686-1694. 10.1017/s0031182017001032
^Bento G, Routtu J, Fields PD, Bourgeois Y, Du Pasquier L, Ebert D (2017). The genetic basis of resistance and matching-allele interactions of a host-parasite system: The Daphnia magna-Pasteuria ramosa model. PLoS Genet 13. ARTN e1006596, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006596
