Dicerorhinus

Dicerorhinus
Temporal range: Late Miocene–Recent
Rapunzel, a Sumatran Rhino in the Bronx Zoo
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Perissodactyla
Family: Rhinocerotidae
Tribe: Dicerorhinini
Genus: Dicerorhinus
Gloger, 1841
Species

Dicerorhinus (Greek: "two" (dio), "horn" (keratos), "nose" (rhinos)[1]) is a genus of the family Rhinocerotidae, consisting of a single extant species, the two-horned Sumatran rhinoceros (D. sumatrensis), and several extinct species. The genus likely originated from the Late Miocene of central Myanmar.[2] Many species previously placed in this genus probably belong elsewhere.[3]

Taxonomy

Species provisionally considered valid include:

  • †Dicerorhinus fusuiensis[4][5] originally described as Rhinoceros fusuiensis[6] Early Pleistocene, South China.
  • †Dicerorhinus gwebinensis Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein et al., 2008 Known from a skull of Pliocene-Early Pleistocene age found in Myanmar.[7] Some authors have considered the skull not distinguishable from that of D. sumatrensis.[8]

Historically, Dicerorhinus was a wastebasket taxon. Revisions by several authors over the years have removed many species:

Transferred to Stephanorhinus[3]

  • Dicerorhinus merckii
  • Dicerorhinus hemitoechus
  • Dicerorhinus etruscus
  • Dicerorhinus yunchuchenensis
  • Dicerorhinus jeanvireti
  • Dicerorhinus choukoutienensis (synonym of Merck's rhinoceros)
  • Dicerorhinus orientalis (synonym of Merck's rhinoceros)
  • Dicerorhinus nipponicus[9]

Transferred to Dihoplus[3]

  • Dicerorhinus megarhinus
  • Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri
  • Dicerorhinus ringstroemi

Transferred to Caementodon

  • Dicerorhinus caucasicus[10]

Transferred to Lartetotherium

  • Dicerorhinus sansaniensis
  • Dicerorhinus cixianensis Chen and Wu, 1976[11]

Transferred to Rusingaceros

  • Dicerorhinus leakeyi

Placement of the Sumatran rhinoceros among recent and subfossil rhinoceros species based on nuclear genomes (Liu, 2021)[12]

Elasmotheriinae

†Elasmotherium sibiricum

Rhinocerotinae

Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)

White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)

Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)

Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus)

Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)

† Woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis)

† Merck's rhinoceros (Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis)

Bayesian morphological phylogeny (Pandolfi, 2023) Note: This excludes living African rhinoceros species.[13]

References

  1. ^ "Glossary. American Museum of Natural History". Archived from the original on 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ Longuet, M.; Handa, N.; Zin-Maung- Maung-Thein; Thaung- Htike; Man-Thit- Nyein; Takai, M. (2024). "Post-cranial remains of Rhinocerotidae from the Neogene of central Myanmar: morphological descriptions and comparisons with ratios". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2408617.
  3. ^ a b c Tong, Hao-wen (2012). "Evolution of the non-Coelodonta dicerorhine lineage in China". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 11 (8): 555–562. Bibcode:2012CRPal..11..555T. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2012.06.002.
  4. ^ Antoine, P.-O.; Reyes, M. C.; Amano, N.; Bautista, A. P.; Chang, C.-H.; Claude, J.; De Vos, J.; Ingicco, T. (2021). "A new rhinoceros clade from the Pleistocene of Asia sheds light on mammal dispersals to the Philippines". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 194 (2): 416–430. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab009.
  5. ^ Pandolfi, Luca (2023-01-19). "Reassessing the phylogeny of Quaternary Eurasian Rhinocerotidae". Journal of Quaternary Science. 38 (3): 291–294. Bibcode:2023JQS....38..291P. doi:10.1002/jqs.3496. hdl:11563/163194. ISSN 0267-8179.
  6. ^ Yan, Yaling; Wang, Yuan; Jin, Changzhu; Mead, Jim I. (December 2014). "New remains of Rhinoceros (Rhinocerotidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) associated with Gigantopithecus blacki from the Early Pleistocene Yanliang Cave, Fusui, South China". Quaternary International. 354: 110–121. Bibcode:2014QuInt.354..110Y. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.01.004.
  7. ^ Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein; Takai, Masanaru; Tsubamoto, Takehisa; Thaung-Htike; Egi, Naoko; Maung-Maung (November 2008). "A NEW SPECIES OF DICERORHINUS (RHINOCEROTIDAE) FROM THE PLIO-PLEISTOCENE OF MYANMAR". Palaeontology. 51 (6): 1419–1433. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00813.x.
  8. ^ Chen, Shaokun; Pang, Libo; Yan, Yaling; Wei, Guangbiao; Yue, Zongying (August 2021). "First Discovery of Dicerorhinus sumatrensis from Yanjinggou Provides Insights into the Pleistocene Rhinocerotidae of South China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 95 (4): 1065–1072. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.14719. ISSN 1000-9515.
  9. ^ Handa, N.; Kohno, N.; Kudo, Y. (2019). "Reappraisal of a middle Pleistocene rhinocerotid (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the Matsugae Cave, Fukuoka Prefecture, southwestern Japan". Historical Biology. 33 (4): 218–229. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1604699. S2CID 145930245.
  10. ^ Antoine, P. O. (2003). "Middle Miocene elasmotheriine Rhinocerotidae from China and Mongolia: Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic relationships". Zoologica Scripta. 32 (2): 95–118. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00106.x. S2CID 86800130.
  11. ^ Deng, T.; Li, S., 2023. Restudy of Rhinocerotini fossils from the Miocene Jiulongkou fauna of China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 61: 198-211 - DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.230630
  12. ^ Liu, Shanlin; Westbury, Michael V.; Dussex, Nicolas; Mitchell, Kieren J.; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Heintzman, Peter D.; Duchêne, David A.; Kapp, Joshua D.; von Seth, Johanna; Heiniger, Holly; Sánchez-Barreiro, Fátima (August 2021). "Ancient and modern genomes unravel the evolutionary history of the rhinoceros family". Cell. 184 (19): 4874–4885.e16. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.032. hdl:10230/48693. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 34433011. S2CID 237273079.
  13. ^ Pandolfi, Luca (2023-01-19). "Reassessing the phylogeny of Quaternary Eurasian Rhinocerotidae". Journal of Quaternary Science. 38 (3): 291–294. Bibcode:2023JQS....38..291P. doi:10.1002/jqs.3496. hdl:11563/163194. ISSN 0267-8179.