Dianella (plant)

Dianella
	Dianella sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Asphodelaceae
Subfamily:	Hemerocallidoideae
Genus:	Dianella; Lam. ex Juss.
Synonyms
	Diana Comm. ex Lam.

Dianella is a genus of about forty species of flowering plants in the monocot family Asphodelaceae, commonly known as flax lilies.^[2] Plants in this genus are tufted herbs with more or less linear leaves and bisexual flowers with three sepals more or less similar to three petals and a superior ovary, the fruit a berry. They occur in Africa, South-east Asia, the Pacific Islands, New Zealand and Australia.

Several species of this genus, or the whole genus, are sometimes referred to by the common name blue flax lily, particularly in Australia.^[3]^[4]

Description

Plants in the genus Dianella are tufted perennial, rhizomatous herbs with fibrous or fleshy roots, more or less linear leaves with their bases overlapping, bisexual flowers with three sepals more or less similar to three blue, purple or white petals and a superior ovary, and the fruit a berry.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Taxonomy

The name Dianella was first formally published by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1786 in his Encyclopédie Méthodique,^[9] but this did not validly establish the name because Lamarck did not include a description of the new genus.^[10] Antoine Laurent de Jussieu made it a correct name in 1789 when he published a description in the first edition of his Genera Plantarum.^[11]^[12] The name Dianella is a reference to the Roman goddess Diana with the suffix ella meaning "small".^[13]

The genus Dianella is closely related to Thelionema and Herpolirion.^[14]

Distribution and habitat

Plants in the genus Dianella occur in Africa, South-east Asia, the Pacific Islands including Hawaii, New Zealand and Australia. About half of the species are native to Australia.^[15]

Species list

The following is a list of Dianella species accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as at October 2020:

Dianella acutifolia Schlittler - New Caledonia
Dianella adenanthera (G.Forst.) R.J.F.Hend. - numerous Pacific Islands
Dianella amoena G.W.Carr & P.F.Horsfall - Tasmania, Victoria
Dianella atraxis R.J.F.Hend. - Queensland
Dianella bambusifolia Hallier f. - Queensland, New Guinea
Dianella brevicaulis (Ostenf.) G.W.Carr & P.F.Horsfall - southern Australia
Dianella brevipedunculata R.J.F.Hend. - Queensland
Dianella caerulea Sims - New Guinea, eastern Australia
- Dianella caerulea var. aquilonia R.J.F.Hend.
- Dianella caerulea var. assera R.J.F.Hend.
- Dianella caerulea Sims var. caerulea
- Dianella caerulea var. cinerascans R.J.F.Hend.
- Dianella caerulea var. petasmatodes R.J.F.Hend.
- Dianella caerulea var. producta R.J.F.Hend.
- Dianella caerulea var. protensa R.J.F.Hend.
- Dianella caerulea var. vannata R.J.F.Hend.
Dianella callicarpa G.W.Carr & P.F.Horsfall - Victoria
Dianella carolinensis Lauterb. - Micronesia
Dianella congesta R.Br. - Queensland, New South Wales
Dianella crinoides R.J.F.Hend. - Queensland, New South Wales
Dianella daenikeri Schlittler - New Caledonia
Dianella dentata Schlittler - southeastern China
Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. (syn. D. ensata) Chimanimani Mountains of southern Africa; Indian Subcontinent, China, Madagascar, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Japan, islands in Indian Ocean
Dianella fruticans R.J.F.Hend. - Queensland
Dianella haematica Heenan & de Lange - North Island of New Zealand
Dianella incollata R.J.F.Hend. - Queensland
Dianella intermedia Endl. - Norfolk Island of Australia
Dianella javanica (Blume) Kunth - Southeast Asia, Papuasia
Dianella latissima Heenan & de Lange - North Island of New Zealand
Dianella longifolia R.Br. - widespread in Australia
- Dianella longifolia var. fragrans R.J.F.Hend.
- Dianella longifolia var. grandis R.J.F.Hend.
- Dianella longifolia R.Br. var. longifolia
- Dianella longifolia var. stenophylla Domin
- Dianella longifolia var. stupata R.J.F.Hend.
- Dianella longifolia var. surculosa R.J.F.Hend.
Dianella monophylla Hallier f. - New Guinea
Dianella nervosa R.J.F.Hend. - Queensland, New South Wales
Dianella nigra Colenso - North + South Islands of New Zealand
Dianella odorata Blume - Maluku, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Queensland, Northern Territory
Dianella pavopennacea R.J.F.Hend. - Queensland
- Dianella pavopennacea var. major R.J.F.Hend.
- Dianella pavopennacea R.J.F.Hend. var. pavopennacea
- Dianella pavopennacea var. robusta R.J.F.Hend.
Dianella pendula Schlittler - îles Loyauté of New Caledonia
Dianella plicata Schlittler - New Caledonia
Dianella porracea (R.J.F.Hend.) Horsfall & G.W.Carr - Queensland, New South Wales, South Australia
Dianella prunina R.J.F.Hend. - New South Wales
Dianella rara R.Br. - Queensland
Dianella revoluta R.Br. - widespread in Australia
- Dianella revoluta var. divaricata R.J.F.Hend.
- Dianella revoluta var. minor R.J.F.Hend.
- Dianella revoluta (R.Br.) R.J.F.Hend.var. revoluta
- Dianella revoluta var. tenuis R.J.F.Hend.
- Dianella revoluta var. vinosa R.J.F.Hend.
Dianella saffordiana Fosberg & Sachet - Guam
Dianella sandwicensis Hook. & Arn. - New Caledonia, Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas
Dianella serrulata Hallier f. - Queensland, New Guinea
Dianella stipitata Schlittler - New Caledonia
Dianella tarda Horsfall & G.W.Carr - New South Wales, Victoria
Dianella tasmanica Hook.f. - Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales
Dianella tenuissima G.W.Carr - New South Wales

Uses

Several species of Dianella are grown for their attractive foliage and shiny, blue to purple berries.^[16]

Reports of the edibility of the fruit range from very poisonous^[17]^[18] to sweet and nutty (such as D. caerulea),^[19] and the beach flax lily (D. congesta) is reportedly the best-tasting.^[20]

The leaves are used to weave dillies and baskets by Indigenous Australians.^[20]

References

^ ^a ^b "Dianella". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
^ Robinson, Les (1991). Field guide to the native plants of Sydney. Kenthurst, NSW: Kangaroo Press. p. 231. ISBN 0864171927.
^ "Blue flax lily (Dianella)". Children’s Health Queensland. 17 July 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
^ "Dianella caerulea – Blue Flax Lily". Gardening With Angus. 6 April 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
^ Henderson, Rodney J.F. "Dianella Lam". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
^ Conran, John G. "Dianella". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
^ Wilson, Karen L. "Genus Dianella". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
^ "Dianella Lam". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
^ Lamarck, Jean Baptiste (1786). Encyclopédie méthodique. Botanique. Vol. 2. Paris. p. 276. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
^ Rodney J.F. Henderson. 1977. Typification of Dianella Lam. ex Juss. (Liliaceae). Taxon 26(1):131-137.
^ "Dianella". APNI. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
^ Jussieu, Antoine L. (1789). Antonii Laurentii de Jussieu Genera plantarum. Paris. p. 41. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
^ Collis, Robyn. "Dianella revoluta". Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
^ Dion S. Devey, Ilia Leitch, Paula J. Rudall, J. Chris Pires, Yohan Pillon, and Mark W. Chase. "Systematics of Xanthorrhoeaceae sensu lato, with an emphasis on Bulbine". Aliso 22(Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution):345-351. ISSN 0065-6275.
^ Starting out with Natives, John Wriggley & Murray Fagg
^ Anthony Huxley, Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (1992). The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. The Macmillan Press, Limited: London. The Stockton Press: New York. ISBN 978-0-333-47494-5 (set).
^ "Garden plants poisonous to people" (PDF). New South Wales Government Department of Primary Industries. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-03. Retrieved 2011-10-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Aboriginal bush foods - Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust - Sydney, Australia". Archived from the original on 2011-09-03. Retrieved 2011-10-07.
^ ^a ^b Wild food plants of Australia, Tim Low