Deutsche Wohnen & Co. enteignen

Expropriate Deutsche Wohnen & Co.
Campaign logo
Native name Deutsche Wohnen & Co. enteignen
Date2018–present
LocationBerlin, Germany
Websitedwenteignen.de
Results
Choice
Votes %
Yes 1,035,950 59.14%
No 715,698 40.86%
Valid votes 1,751,648 97.41%
Invalid or blank votes 46,660 2.59%
Total votes 1,798,308 100.00%
Registered voters/turnout 2,447,600 73.47%

Results by borough

The 2021 Berlin referendum, formally referred to as Deutsche Wohnen & Co. enteignen (English: Expropriate Deutsche Wohnen & Co.) or DW enteignen, was a referendum held and passed in Berlin in 2021. Voters were asked if they approved of the expropriation of the property of private real-estate companies with 3,000 or more units in the city, through public purchases by the Berlin state government. This would affect 243,000 rental apartments out of 1.5 million total apartments in Berlin. The largest such real-estate company is Deutsche Wohnen, for which the initiative is named, followed by Vonovia.[1] In total, the referendum would impact 12 large real-estate companies.[2]

The initiative for the referendum was originally launched in 2018, but the emergence of a new tenant movement in Berlin dates back to the early 2010s, including a first rent-referendum in 2015 called "Mietenvolksentscheid".[3] The new referendum successfully passed the first signature-collecting phase in July 2019, receiving at least 58,000 valid signatures of the 20,000 required; and the second phase in June 2021, receiving at least 175,000 of the 170,000 required.

The referendum took place on 26 September 2021 alongside the state and federal election. The expropriation proposal passed the legal quorum of 25% of eligible voters being in favour and a majority of votes, receiving the approval of 57.6% of voters, with 39.8% voters against. The result is non-binding.[4]

Exactly two years later on 26 September 2023, the campaign announced plans for a second referendum, which would be legally binding unlike the previous one.[5]

Background

Article 14 of the Basic Law states that "property entails obligations. Its use shall also serve the public good".[6] This passage dates from 1949 and has never been used before.[7] But the existence of an article allowing socialization was employed to advocate for pauses on rent increases or expropriation of high-volume property ownership.[8]

Article 15 states the legal basis i.e "Grund und Boden [..] können zum Zwecke der Vergesellschaftung durch ein Gesetz [..] in Gemeineigentum.. überführt werden"[9] (Land, natural resources and means of production may, for the purpose of socialization, be transferred to public ownership or other forms of public enterprise by a law that determines the nature and extent of compensation).[10] Article 15 has never been used in practice.[8]

Even if the referendum passes, it would not be legally binding,[11] and specific language would need to be spelled out, including compensation amounts which then would need to be passed by the Berlin Senate.[8] The German constitution says the compensation amount should balance the interests of the public and other stakeholders.[8] It would cost taxpayers an estimated amount between 7 and 36 billion euros, with the higher end being market rates.[2][11] If the compensation amount is on the higher end, it could diminish the initiative's effectiveness.[12]

First referendum

Signature collection—phase 1

A total of 77,001 signatures were collected between April and July 2019. At least 58,000 of them were validated, exceeding the 20,000 signatures quorum required for a legal review by the Berlin Senate Department for the Interior and Sports.[11][13]

The legal review by the Berlin Senate took place over a period of 441 days from 4 July 2019 to 17 September 2020.[11] Senator for Interior Geisel was accused of intentionally delaying the review by the initiative, The Left and Green parties.[11] The text of the resolution was modified in order to be legally compliant.[11][14]

Signature collection—phase 2

A further 349,658 signatures were collected over a four month period between 26 February and 25 June 2021.[10] At least 261,000 signatures were checked, with over 175,000 of them being legally valid, exceeding the quorum of 170,000 signatures or 7% of eligible voters (German Berlin citizens) required to initiate a public referendum.[15] It was the highest number of signatures ever collected in a Berlin referendum.[10]

Referendum vote

The referendum passed with just over one million Berliners or 59.1% of the total vote in favour.[16]

Expert commission

After the referendum passed, a 13 member expert commission was established to determine the constitutionality of the referendum and its compatibility with Article 15 of the Basic Law that deals with expropriation. On 28 June 2023, nearly two years later, the commission concluded in its 150 page report that landlords can be expropriated and compensated with below-market value by the Berlin government.[17]

Second referendum

On 26 September 2023, two years after the first referendum passed, campaign organizers announced a plan for a second referendum, a legal referendum that would be legally binding in contrast with the first one.[5][dead link]

First referendum results

Poster for the Deutsche Wohnen & Co. enteignen campaign with the slogan "Ja! zum Volksentscheid" (Vote yes for the referendum!)

With the signature collection phase cleared, a referendum was scheduled for 26 September 2021, the same day as the Berlin state and federal elections. A majority of votes in favour of the referendum and a minimum of 25% of all eligible voters in favour were needed for the referendum to succeed, approximately 625,000 votes.[18][19] In 2013, the energy referendum was approved by 83% of those who voted, but failed because only 24.2% of eligible Berlin voters, voted in favour, while quorum required 25% or more voters to pass.[20]

ChoiceVotes%
For1,035,95059.14
Against715,69840.86
Total1,751,648100.00
Valid votes1,751,64897.41
Invalid/blank votes46,6602.59
Total votes1,798,308100.00
Registered voters/turnout2,447,60073.47
Source: Berlin Elections
Valid Voter Tally by District[16]
District Yes (Ja) No (Nein)
Voters Percent Voters Percent
01 – Mitte 95,681 63.7% 47,948 31.9%
02 – Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg 95,207 72.4% 31,632 24.0%
03 – Pankow 134,339 60.8% 78,261 35.4%
04 – Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf 83,422 50.1% 75,263 45.2%
05 – Spandau 57,563 51.9% 47,610 42.9%
06 – Steglitz-Zehlendorf 77,237 44.0% 89,452 51.0%
07 – Tempelhof-Schöneberg 93,887 53.4% 73,656 41.9%
08 – Neukölln 84,749 60.7% 47,063 33.7%
09 – Treptow-Köpenick 91,431 58.5% 58,722 37.6%
10 – Marzahn-Hellersdorf 75,410 55.8% 53,244 39.4%
11 – Lichtenberg 88,032 60.9% 50,260 34.8%
12 – Reinickendorf 57,751 45.1% 62,103 48.5%
Berlin combined 1,034,709 56.4% 715,214 39.0%

Reception

Support Oppose
Housing groups Berlin Tenant Association [de], Berlin Tenant Community [de].[21]
Political parties The Left, Greens,[22] JUSOS (SPD Youth)[23] SPD,[6][24] CDU,[15] AfD, FDP[24]
Trade unions IG Metall, GEW, ver.di and DGB Jugend[25]
Interest groups Association of Berlin-Brandenburg Housing Companies [de][26]

Conceptual development and publications

The initiative Deutsche Wohnen & Co enteignen started with a one-page paper listing their demands in fall 2018, a condensed version became the text of the referendum in 2019-2021. Between 2020 and 2023 the initiative expanded its concepts of socialization step by step and published several brochures dealing from tenant organization, legal and financial requirements of expropriation to climate justice. In 2022, an edited volume published by the initiative summarized the German debate on socialization, including voices from legal experts, the Berlin Senate, trade unions and environmental organizations.[27] The volume also included a proposed law on socialization of housing, drafted by the initiative in 2021. Since federal law in Germany knows no standardized institutional form for socialized land, the initiative in 2023 further conceptualized their model of a public law institution called "Gemeingut Wohnen" that could take over administration of socialized housing stock in Berlin.[28]

Edited Volume

  • Deutsche Wohnen & Co Enteignen: Wie Vergesellschaftung gelingt – Zum Stand der Debatte, parthas, Berlin 2022, ISBN 978-3-86964-130-0.

Brochures edited by Deutsche Wohnen & Co enteignen

See also

References

  1. ^ "Germans protest against rising rents and portfolio-hungry landlords". euronews. 6 April 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Berlin's rental revolution: activists push for properties to be nationalised". The Guardian. 4 April 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  3. ^ Ralf Hoffrogge, Housing for the People, Jacobin Magazine Online, June 4th 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2024
  4. ^ Paul, Ulrich (26 September 2021). "Volksentscheid: Mehr als eine Million Berliner wollen Wohnungen enteignen" [Referendum: More than one million Berliners want to expropriate flats.]. Berliner Zeitung (in German). Archived from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  5. ^ a b Iser, Jurik Caspar (26 September 2023). "Dann halt ohne die Regierung" [Then without the government]. Die Zeit. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  6. ^ a b Knight, Ben (27 October 2019). "Berlin Social Democrats reject expropriation of homes | DW | 27.10.2019". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 27 October 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  7. ^ Joanna Kusiak, Trespassing the Law - Critical legal engineering as a strategy for action research, in, Area, Volume 53, Issue 4, December 2021, Pages 603-610
  8. ^ a b c d Würmann, Isaac (10 May 2021). "A Radical Plan to Stop Rising Rents by Seizing Apartments From Landlords". Slate Magazine. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  9. ^ Schulz, Bert (25 June 2021). "Initiative Deutsche Wohnen enteignen: Ansage an Politik und Wirtschaft" [Initiative Expropriate Deutsche Wohnen: Announcement to politics and economy]. Die Tageszeitung (in German). ISSN 0931-9085. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  10. ^ a b c Flakin, Nathaniel (24 February 2021). "Red Flag: Nationalise Deutsche Wohnen!". Exberliner magazine. Retrieved 8 August 2021.[permanent dead link]
  11. ^ a b c d e f Joswig, Gareth (17 September 2020). "Deutsche Wohnen & Co enteignen zulässig: Sozialismus kann kommen" [Deutsche Wohnen & Co enteignen permissibly: Socialism can arrive]. Die Tageszeitung (in German). ISSN 0931-9085. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  12. ^ Casey, Ruairi; Ponsford, Matthew (17 November 2020). "Berliners want to expropriate 250,000 homes. Here's what stands in their way". City Monitor. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  13. ^ Wiens, Bernhard (28 July 2019). "Wem gehört die Mieterstadt?" [Who owns the tenant city?]. heise online (in German). Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  14. ^ "Zulässigkeitsprüfung für Volksbegehren abgeschlossen" [Admissibility check for petition for a referendum completed]. www.berlin.de (in German). 17 September 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2021., see also: Ralf Hoffrogge: Vergesellschaftung von Wohnraum – Die Initiative »Deutsche Wohnen & Co Enteignen« und ihr Volksentscheid, in: Hermann K. Heußner/Arne Pautsch/Frank Rehmet/Lukas Kiepe (Hrsg.): Mehr direkte Demokratie wagen. Volksentscheid und Bürgerentscheid: Geschichte – Praxis – Vorschläge, 4. edition, Reinbek 2024, p. 295–308, here p. 300–303
  15. ^ a b "Enteignungs-Initiative hat wohl genügend Unterschriften für Volksentscheid" [Expropriation initiative probably has enough signatures for referendum] (in German). RBB24. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  16. ^ a b "Volksentscheid "Deutsche Wohnen & Co enteignen" 2021" [Referendum "Deutsche Wohnen & Co enteignen" 2021]. Wahlen Berlin. 26 September 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  17. ^ Goodman, Imogen (29 June 2023). "Berlin landlords can legally be expropriated, expert panel rules". The Local .
  18. ^ Sullivan, Arthur (24 September 2021). "Berlin faces expropriation vote: What happens if the people say 'yes'? | DW | 24.09.2021". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  19. ^ "Immobilien-Volksentscheid findet am 26. September statt" [Real estate referendum takes place on 26 September]. RBB24 (in German). Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  20. ^ "Berlin Referendum on Buying Electricity Grid from Vattenfall Fails". Der Spiegel. 4 November 2013. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
  21. ^ Groll, Tina. "Werden jetzt Immobilienkonzerne in Berlin enteignet?" [Are real estate companies in Berlin being expropriated?]. Die Zeit (in German). Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  22. ^ "Berliner Grüne befürworten Enteignung von Wohnungsunternehmen" [Berlin Greens advocate expropriation of housing companies]. Die Zeit. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  23. ^ Kiesel, Robert (14 March 2021). "Berliner Jusos wollen Wohnungskonzerne enteignen" [Berlin JUSOS want to expropriate housing corporations]. Der Tagesspiegel (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  24. ^ a b Tunk, Carola (26 February 2021). "Berlin: Müller gegen Enteignung von Wohnungskonzernen" [Berlin: Müller against expropriation of housing corporations]. Berliner Zeitung (in German). Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  25. ^ Kiesel, Robert (16 February 2021). "Berliner Gewerkschaften unterstützen Volksbegehren zur Enteignung". Der Tagesspiegel Online (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  26. ^ "Berlin stimmt über "Enteignung" von Wohnungskonzernen ab". Haufe.de (in German). Archived from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  27. ^ Deutsche Wohnen & Co Enteignen: Wie Vergesellschaftung gelingt – Zum Stand der Debatte, parthas, Berlin 2022, ISBN 978-3-86964-130-0.
  28. ^ Deutsche Wohnen & Co Enteignen: Gemeingut Wohnen - Eine Anstalt öffentlichen Rechts für Berlins vergesellschaftete Wohnungsbestände , Berlin 2023.

Read other articles:

Annaleigh AshfordAshford tahun 2021LahirAnnaleigh Amanda Swanson25 Juni 1985 (umur 38)Denver, Colorado, Amerika SerikatPekerjaanAktris, penyanyi, penariTahun aktif2005–sekarangSuami/istriJoe Tapper ​(m. 2013)​Anak1Karier musikGenre Musik ringan disko pop Broadway InstrumenVocalsLabel Broadway Artis independen Situs webannaleighashford.com Annaleigh Amanda Ashford (née Swanson; lahir 25 Juni 1985) adalah seorang aktris, penyanyi dan penari asal Amerik...

 

Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: Ngaben – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR (September 2021) Upacara Ngaben di Ubud Ngaben adalah upacara kremasi yang dilakukan oleh umat hindu di Bali dan tergolong sebagai upacara Pitra Yadn...

 

PemberitahuanTemplat ini mendeteksi bahwa artikel bahasa ini masih belum dinilai kualitasnya oleh ProyekWiki Bahasa dan ProyekWiki terkait dengan subjek. Terjadi [[false positive]]? Silakan laporkan kesalahan ini. 00.35, Sabtu, 30 Maret, 2024 (UTC) • hapus singgahan Sebanyak 1.305 artikel belum dinilai Artikel ini belum dinilai oleh ProyekWiki Bahasa Cari artikel bahasa  Cari berdasarkan kode ISO 639 (Uji coba)  Kolom pencarian ini hanya didukung oleh beberapa antarmuka Hala...

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Azoulay. Audrey Azoulay Portait officiel d'Audrey Azoulay (2016). Fonctions Directrice générale de l'Unesco En fonction depuis le 13 novembre 2017(6 ans, 4 mois et 22 jours) Élection 13 octobre 2017 Réélection 9 novembre 2021 Prédécesseur Irina Bokova Ministre de la Culture et de la Communication 11 février 2016 – 10 mai 2017(1 an, 2 mois et 29 jours) Président François Hollande Premier ministre Manuel VallsBernard C...

 

MODYSON JR Southwark London Borough CouncilCoat of armsCouncil logoTypeTypeLondon borough council of the London Borough of Southwark LeadershipMayor of SouthwarkSunil Chopra, Labour since 18 May 2019 Leader of the CouncilKieron Williams, Labour since September 2020 Deputy LeaderJasmine Ali, Labour Leader of the OppositionVictor Chamberlain, Liberal Democrats Chief executiveLoderick Althea since February 2012 StructureSeats63 councillorsPolitical groupsAdministration (48)  ...

 

Radio station in Defiance, OhioWONWDefiance, OhioBroadcast areaDefiance, OhioBryan, OhioNapoleon, OhioPaulding, OhioFrequency1280 kHzBrandingWONW AM 1280ProgrammingFormatNews/talk/sportsAffiliationsFox News RadioFox Sports RadioCompass Media NetworksPremiere NetworksOwnershipOwneriHeartMedia, Inc.(iHM Licenses, LLC)Sister stationsWDFM, WNDH, WZOMHistoryFirst air date1948; 76 years ago (1948)Technical informationFacility ID40710ClassBPower1,000 watts day500 watts nightTransmi...

Panasonic Gobel Awards 2014Tanggal5 April 2014 (2014-04-05)LokasiCendrawasih Hall Jakarta Convention Center, JakartaNegara IndonesiaPenampilan Agnes Monica Ayu Ting Ting Zaskia Gotik Fatin Shidqia Cakra Khan (Off Air) Geisha The Overtunes (Off Air) IkhtisarDrama SeriTukang Bubur Naik Haji the SeriesAktorDude HarlinoAktrisNikita WillySitus webwww.panasonicgobelawards.comSiaran televisi/radioSaluran MNCTV RCTI MNC Entertainment ← 2013 Panasonic Gobel Awards2015 → Panasonic...

 

Scottish journalist and broadcaster Isabel Hilton, OBEBorn (1947-11-25) 25 November 1947 (age 76)Aberdeen, ScotlandAlma materUniversity of Edinburgh Isabel Nancy Hilton OBE (born 25 November 1947) is a Scottish journalist and broadcaster, based in London. Early life Hilton attended school in Alford, Aberdeenshire, Bradford Girls' Grammar School (Yorkshire) and Walnut Hills High School (Cincinnati, Ohio). She graduated from Edinburgh University, where she studied Chinese to post-grad...

 

Georgian spice mix Georgian cuisine ქართული სამზარეულო Dishes & sauces Georgian bread Georgian cheese Abkhazian cheese Ajapsandali Badrijani Chakapuli Chakhokhbili Chanakhi Chashushuli Chicken tabaka Chikhirtma Chkmeruli Churchkhela Gozinaki Ispanakhi Matsvnit Khachapuri Kharcho Khashi Khinkali Kubdari Kuchmachi Kupati Lobiani Lobio Matsoni Mchadi Mujuji Pelamushi Pkhali Satsivi Shotis puri Sulguni Tolma Tklapi Tonis puri sauces: Ajika Satsebeli Tkemali W...

Protected lakes in Kazakhstan Lakes of the lower Turgay and IrgizОзёра в низовьях рек Иргиз и ТургайLakes of the lower Turgay and Irgiz Sentinel-2 satellite pictureLocation in KazakhstanTypeInland wetlandsLocationAktobe Region, KazakhstanNearest cityNuraCoordinates48°42′N 62°11′E / 48.700°N 62.183°E / 48.700; 62.183Area348,000 ha (3,480 km2)Created1976Operated byMain Department of Zapovedniks and Game Management ...

 

此條目可能包含不适用或被曲解的引用资料,部分内容的准确性无法被证實。 (2023年1月5日)请协助校核其中的错误以改善这篇条目。详情请参见条目的讨论页。 各国相关 主題列表 索引 国内生产总值 石油储量 国防预算 武装部队(军事) 官方语言 人口統計 人口密度 生育率 出生率 死亡率 自杀率 谋杀率 失业率 储蓄率 识字率 出口额 进口额 煤产量 发电量 监禁率 死刑 国债 ...

 

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2022. Kawabe dalam Olimpiade Pemuda Musim Dingin 2020 Mana Kawabe (河辺 愛菜code: ja is deprecated , Kawabe Mana, lahir 31 Oktober 2004) adalah seorang atlet seluncur indah Jepang. Ia adalah juara nasional junior Jepang 2019–20. Pranala luar Mana Kawa...

ООО «НТВ-Плюс» Тип Закрытое акционерное общество (1996—2002)Открытое акционерное общество (2002—2017)Общество с ограниченной ответственностью (с 2017) Основание 1996 года Основатели Владимир Гусинский Расположение Москва, Варшавское шоссе, д. 125, стр. 1, секция 10 Ключевые фигуры А...

 

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Семнадцать мгновений весны. Семнадцать мгновений весны Обложка DVD издания Жанры политический детективвоенная драмашпионский триллер На основе Семнадцать мгновений весны Режиссёр Татьяна Лиознова Сценарист Юлиан Семён�...

 

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: The initial paragraph should be brought into compliance with WP:MOS, setting the context properly. Please help improve this article if you can. (October 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article needs additional citations for...

Biawak Timor Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Chordata Kelas: Reptilia Ordo: Squamata Subordo: Lacertilia Famili: Varanidae Genus: Varanus Subgenus: V. (Odatria) Spesies: V. timorensis Nama binomial Varanus timorensisGary, 1831 Sinonim Monitor timorensis Odatria timorensis Biawak timor (Varanus timorensis) adalah spesies biawak katai asli Pulau Timor, Indonesia.[1] Biawak ini hidup di daratan dan pepohonan.[1] Spesies biawak ini dapat dipelihara dan dike...

 

American author and environmental policy writer (born 1971) Michael ShellenbergerShellenberger in 2017Born (1971-06-16) June 16, 1971 (age 52)Colorado, U.S.EducationEarlham College (BA)University of California, Santa Cruz (MA)Political partyDemocratic (before 2022)Independent (2022–present)MovementEcomodernismSpouseHelen LeeChildren2AwardsStevens Institute of Technology’s Center for Science Writings Green Book Award (2008)Writing careerSubjectEnergy, global warming, human development...

 

National Council རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་སྡེ་Gyelyong TshogdeTypeTypeNon-partisan upper house LeadershipChairpersonSangay Dorji since 10 May 2023 StructureSeats25Political groups  Non-partisan (20)   Appointed (5)Length of term5 yearsElectionsVoting system20 seats by first-past-the-post, 5 nominated by the Druk GyalpoLast election20 April 2023Meeting placeGyelyong Tshokhang, ThimphuWebsiteOfficial Website of the National Council of Bhutan Polit...

Ethnic group in Saudi Arabia Ethnic group Australians in Saudi ArabiaTotal population5,000[1]Regions with significant populationsRiyadh · JeddahLanguagesEnglish (Australian) · ArabicReligionIslam, Roman Catholicism and Protestantism Australians in Saudi Arabia are a sizeable community consisting mainly of expatriates. Their population is estimated to be anywhere up to 5,000 with the majority based in major commercial centres such as Riyadh and Jeddah.[...

 

العلاقات البنمية النيجيرية بنما نيجيريا   بنما   نيجيريا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات البنمية النيجيرية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين بنما ونيجيريا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة بنما ني...