Deep cerebellar nuclei

Deep cerebellar nuclei
Sagittal section through right cerebellar hemisphere. The right olive has also been cut sagittally. (Dentate nucleus labelled at top as nucleus dentatus)
Microcircuitry of the cerebellum. Excitatory synapses are denoted by (+) and inhibitory synapses by (-).
MF: Mossy fiber.
DCN: Deep cerebellar nuclei.
IO: Inferior olive.
CF: Climbing fiber.
GC: Granule cell.
PF: Parallel fiber.
PC: Purkinje cell.
GgC: Golgi cell.
SC: Stellate cell.
BC: Basket cell.
Details
Part ofCerebellum
PartsDentate nucleus, Emboliform nucleus, Fastigial nucleus, Globose nucleus
ArterySuperior cerebellar
Identifiers
Latinnuclei cerebelli
MeSHD002529
NeuroNames682
NeuroLex IDbirnlex_1568
TA98A14.1.07.406
TA25835
FMA72249
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

There are four paired deep cerebellar nuclei embedded in the white matter centre of the cerebellum. The nuclei are the fastigial, globose, emboliform, and dentate nuclei.

In lower mammals the emboliform nucleus appears to be continuous with the globose nucleus, and these are known together as the interposed nucleus.[1]

Inputs

These nuclei receive inhibitory (GABAergic) inputs from Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and excitatory (glutamatergic) inputs from mossy fiber and climbing fiber pathways. Most output fibers of the cerebellum originate from these nuclei. One exception is that fibers from the flocculonodular lobe synapse directly on vestibular nuclei without first passing through the deep cerebellar nuclei. The vestibular nuclei in the brainstem are analogous structures to the deep nuclei, since they receive both mossy fiber and Purkinje cell inputs. [2]

Specific nuclei

From lateral to medial, the four deep cerebellar nuclei are the dentate, emboliform, globose, and fastigial. Some animals, including humans, do not have distinct emboliform and globose nuclei, instead having a single, fused interposed nucleus.[citation needed] In animals with distinct emboliform and globose nuclei, the term interposed nucleus is often used to refer collectively to these two nuclei.

Topography

In general, each pair of deep nuclei is associated with a corresponding region of cerebellar surface anatomy.

  • Cross-section of human cerebellum, showing the dentate nucleus, as well as fourth ventricle
    Cross-section of human cerebellum, showing the dentate nucleus, as well as fourth ventricle
  • Cross-section of human cerebellum, showing the dentate nucleus and cross-section of vermis
    Cross-section of human cerebellum, showing the dentate nucleus and cross-section of vermis
  • The dentate nuclei are deep within the lateral hemispheres,
  • the interposed nuclei are located in the paravermal (intermediate) zone,
  • and the fastigial nuclei are in the vermis.

These structural relationships are generally maintained in the neuronal connections between the nuclei and associated cerebellar cortex,

  • with the dentate nucleus receiving most of its connections from the lateral hemispheres,
  • the interposed nuclei receiving inputs mostly from the paravermis,
  • and the fastigial nucleus receiving primarily afferents from the vermis.

References

  1. ^ Carpenter, Malcolm B. (1985). Core text of neuroanatomy (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. p. 207. ISBN 0683014552.
  2. ^ Eric Kandel (2021). Principles of Neural Science (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 909-929
  • . Ryan Splittgerber (2019). Snell's Clinical Neuroanatomy (8th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. ISBN 978-1496346759.

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