D2-MAC is a satellite television transmission standard, a member of Multiplexed Analogue Components family.[1][2] It was created to solve D-MAC's bandwidth usage by further reducing it, allowing usage of the system on cable and satellite broadcast.[3][4] It could carry four high quality (15 kHz bandwidth) sound channels[5] or eight lower quality audio channels.[6] It was adopted by Scandinavian, German and French satellite broadcasts (CNBC Europe, TV3 (Sweden), TV3 (Denmark), EuroSport, NRK 1, TV-Sat 2, TDF 1, TDF 2, etc.).[7][8][4][9][10][11] The system was used until July 2006 in Scandinavia and until the mid-1990s for German and French sound channels.
MAC transmits luminance and chrominance data separately in time rather than separately in frequency (as other analog television formats do, such as composite video).
MAC was developed by the UK's Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) and in 1982 was adopted as the transmission format for the UK's forthcoming direct broadcast satellite (DBS) television services (eventually provided by British Satellite Broadcasting).[12][13] The following year MAC was adopted by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) as the standard for all DBS.[14]
By 1986, despite there being two standards, D-MAC and D2-MAC, favoured by different countries in Europe, an EU Directive imposed MAC on the national DBS broadcasters, to provide a stepping stone from analogue PAL and SECAM formats to the eventual high definition and digital television of the future, with European TV manufacturers in a privileged position to provide the equipment required.
However, the Astra satellite system was also starting up at this time (the first satellite, Astra 1A was launched in 1989) and that operated outside of the EU's MAC requirements, due to being a non-DBS satellite.[15][16] Despite further pressure from the EU (including a further Directive originally intended to make MAC provision compulsory in TV sets, and a subsidy to broadcasters to use the MAC format), most broadcasters outside Scandinavia preferred the lower cost of PAL transmission and receiving equipment.[17]
In the 2000s, the use of D-MAC and D2-MAC ceased when the satellite broadcasts of the channels concerned changed to DVB-S format.[18]
2003 greatest hits album by Peter GabrielHitGreatest hits album by Peter GabrielReleased3 November 2003 (2003-11-03)Recorded1977–2003Genre Rock pop worldbeat Length150:10 (UK)150:20 (US)LabelReal World/VirginProducer Peter Gabriel Bob Ezrin Stephen Hague Daniel Lanois Steve Lillywhite David Lord Steve Osborne Karl Wallinger Peter Gabriel chronology Up(2002) Hit(2003) Big Blue Ball(2008) Singles from Hit Burn You Up, Burn You DownReleased: 23 December 2003 Professional ra…
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DTL redirects here. For other uses, see DTL (disambiguation). Schematic of basic two-input DTL NAND gate. R3, R4 and V− shift the positive output voltage of the input DL stage below the ground (to cut off the transistor at low input voltage). Diode–transistor logic (DTL) is a class of digital circuits that is the direct ancestor of transistor–transistor logic. It is called so because the logic gating functions AND and OR are performed by diode logic, while logical inversion (NOT) and ampli…
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Government of Norway from 1990 to 1996 Brundtland's Third CabinetCabinet of NorwayDate formed3 November 1990Date dissolved25 October 1996People and organisationsHead of stateOlav V of Norway Harald V of NorwayHead of governmentGro Harlem BrundtlandMinisters removed17Total no. of members39Member partyLabour PartyStatus in legislatureCentre-leftOpposition partyConservative PartyProgress PartyChristian Democratic PartyHistoryElection(s)1993 parliamentary electionLegislature term(s)1989-1993 1993-19…
Pour les articles homonymes, voir Chapelle royale. La Chapelle royale était une institution religieuse relevant du roi de France, destinée à chanter et jouer dans les offices religieux royaux. La célébration chantée des offices religieux a certainement toujours fait partie du christianisme. Lorsque Clovis fonde le royaume Franc, il se convertit au christianisme et il crée à ses côtés une institution pour la célébration des offices royaux ; la Chapelle royale est née. Au fil des…
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For other uses, see Public Service Corporation (disambiguation). Public Service Logo The Public Service Corporation (PSC) was an energy and transportation company in New Jersey. It was formed to shore up financing and development of New Jersey's streetcar and power companies at a time when they were growing but exhausting capital. It did this by leasing their operations or buying them outright, and using the size and integration of the systems to get favorable financing for improvements. Its ene…
Magnetic tape-based data storage technology An LTO-2 cartridge, from Fujifilm. The outer dimensions are 102.0 × 105.4 × 21.5 mm. An LTO-2 mechanism, from IBM. This drive fits in a 5.25 inch, Full-Height drive bay. Linear Tape-Open (LTO) is a magnetic tape data storage technology used for backup, data archiving, and data transfer. It was originally developed in the late 1990s as an open standards alternative to the proprietary magnetic tape formats that were available at the time. Upon introduc…
كنيسة الوحدةمعلومات عامةنوع المبنى الطائفة الدينية معلومات أخرىموقع الويب unity.org تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات كنيسة الوحدة (Unity Church) وتعرف أيضا بمدرسة الوحدة المسيحية (Unity School of Christianity)، ولكن يجب التفريق بينها وبين التوحيدية المسيحية، أنشأت بيد Charles Fillmore تشارلز فيلم
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Aphorism about the board game gained from experience Part of a series onGo Game specifics Rules Handicaps professional Proverbs List of terms Strategy and tactics Opening (theory; strategy) Fuseki (whole-board openings) Joseki (corner-based openings) Life and death Tsumego (Go puzzles) History and culture History Equipment Variants Four go houses List of games Players and organizations Players European Female Ranks and ratings Professionals Organizations Competitions Computers and mathematics Go…
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