Cyrtodactylus (Greek κυρτος kurtos "curved", from κυπτω kuptō "to stoop"; δακτυλος daktulos "finger, toe")[citation needed] is a diverse genus of Asian geckos, commonly known as bent-toed geckos, bow-fingered geckos, and forest geckos. The genus has 361 described species as of 2024[update],[1] which makes it the largest of all gecko genera.
Description
Instead of possessing dilated digits like other geckos, members of Cyrtodactylus have slender, curved toes to which the common names for the genus can be attributed.
Taxonomy
The phylogenetic relationships with this genus and the genus Geckoella has not been resolved to date. Based on morphology, Bauer (2002) suggested that it was a subgenus of Cyrtodactylus but a phylogenetic study by Feng et al. (2007), though with inadequate sampling of taxa, restored it to generic status once again.[2][3] All species of Geckoella have been placed here pending a more definitive study.
Phylogeny
The following phylogeny is from Pyron, et al. (2013),[4] and includes 22 Cyrtodactylus species. Cyrtodactylus is a sister group of Hemidactylus.[4]
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^ abcdefgBauer, A.M. (2003). "Descriptions of seven new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) with a key to the species of Myanmar (Burma)". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 54: 463–498.
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^Oliver, Paul M.; Richards, Stephen J.; Sistrom, Mark (2012). "Phylogeny and systematics of Melanesia's most diverse gecko lineage (Cyrtodactylus, Gekkonidae, Squamata)". Zoologica Scripta. 41 (5): 437–54. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00545.x. S2CID85850809.
^ abcdefgMurdoch, Matthew L.; Grismer, L. LEE; Wood, Perry L. JR.; Neang, THY; Poyarkov, Nikolay A.; Tri, NGO VAN; Nazarov, Roman A.; Aowphol, Anchalee; Pauwels, Olivier S.G.; Nguyen, Hung Ngoc; Grismer, Jesse L. (9 February 2019). "Six New Species of the Cyrtodactylus intermedius complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Cardamom Mountains and Associated Highlands of Southeast Asia". Zootaxa. 4554 (1). Novataxa: 1–62. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.1. PMID30790979.
^Grismer, L.L. (2005). "New species of bent-toed gecko (Cyrtodactylus Gray 1827) from Pulau Aur, Johor, West Malaysia". Journal of Herpetology. 39 (3): 424–432. doi:10.1670/3-05a.1. S2CID86402927.
^Sumontha, M.; Panitvong, N.; Deein, G. (2010). "Cyrtodactylus auribalteatus (Squamata: Gekkonidae), a new cave-dwelling gecko from Phitsanulok Province, Thailand". Zootaxa. 2370: 53–64. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2370.1.3. S2CID82393063.
^Nguyen, N.S.; Orlov, N.L.; Darevsky, I.S. (2006). "Descriptions of two new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Southern Vietnam." Russian Journal of Herpetology
^Mocquard, F. (1890). "Diagnoses d'espèces nouvelles de reptiles et de batraciens des iles Bornèo et Palawan." Le Naturaliste, Paris 144-145.
^Luu VQ; Nguyen TQ; Le MD; Bonkowski M; Ziegler T (2016). "A new species of karst-dwelling bent-toed gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Khammouane Province, central Laos". Zootaxa. 4079 (1): 87–102. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4079.1.6. PMID27395993. S2CID31878201.
^Iskandar, D.T.; Rachmansah, A.; Umilaela (2011). "A new bent-toed gecko of the genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) from Mount Tompotika, eastern peninsula of Sulawesi, Indonesia". Zootaxa. 2838: 65–78. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2838.1.4. S2CID13813583.
^ abcGrismer, L.L.; Onn, C.K.; Grismer, J.L.; Wood, P.L. Jr.; Belabut, D. (2008). "Three new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia". Zootaxa. 1921: 1–23. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1921.1.1.
^ abNazarov, Poyarkov; Orlov, Phung; Nguyen, Hoang; Ziegler (2012). "Two new cryptic species of the Cyrtodactylus irregularis complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from southern Vietnam". Zootaxa. 3302: 1–24. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3302.1.1. S2CID88672817.
^Brown, W.C.; Mccoy, M. (1980). "A new species of gecko of the genus Cyrtodactylus from Guadalcanal Island, Solomon Islands". Herpetologica. 36 (1): 66–69.
^ abNguyen TQ; Le MD; Pham AV; Ngo HN; Hoang CV; Pham CT; Ziegler T (2015). "Two new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the karst forest of Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam". Zootaxa. 3985 (3): 375–390. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3985.3.3. PMID26250040.
^Oliver, P.; Krey, K.; Mumpuni; Richards, S. (2011). "A new species of bent-toed gecko (Cyrtodactylus, Gekkonidae) from the North Papuan Mountains". Zootaxa. 2930: 22–32. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2930.1.2. S2CID87569435.
^Bauer, A.M. (2002). "Two new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Myanmar". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 53 (7): 75–88.
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^Geissler, Nazarov; Orlov, Böhme; Phung, Nguyen; Ziegler (2009). "A new species of the Cyrtodactylus irregularis complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from southern Vietnam". Zootaxa. 2161: 20–32. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2161.1.2. S2CID82567760.
^ abBauer, A.M.; Sumontha, M.; Pauwels, O.S.G. (2003). "Two new species of Cyrtodactylus (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Thailand". Zootaxa. 376: 1–18. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.376.1.1. S2CID81054263.
^Schneider N, Phung TM, Le MD, Nguyen TQ, Ziegler T (2014). "A new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Khanh Hoa Province, southern Vietnam". Zootaxa. 3785 (4): 518–32. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3785.4.2. PMID24872243. S2CID207668929.
^Ngo, N.V.; Onn, C.K. (2011). "A new karstic cave-dwelling Cyrtodactylus Gray (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Northern Vietnam". Zootaxa. 3125: 51–63.
^Tri, N.V. (2013). "Cyrtodactylus dati, a new forest dwelling Bent-toed Gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from southern Vietnam". Zootaxa. 3616 (2): 151–164. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3616.2.4. PMID24758800.
^Kunya, K.; et al. (2014). "A new forest-dwelling bent-toed gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) from Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand". Zootaxa. 3811 (2): 251–261. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3811.2.6. PMID24943162. S2CID207610527.
^Bauer, Kunya, Sumontha, Niyomwan, Pauwels, Chanhome & Kunya, 2010. "Cyrtodactylus dumnuii (Squamata: Gekkonidae), a new cave-dwelling gecko from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand." Zootaxa, n. 2570 p. 41–50
^Grismer L, Anuar S, Quah E, Muin MA, Onn C, Grismer JL, Ahmad N (2010). "A new spiny, prehensile-tailed species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia with a preliminary hypothesis of relationships based on morphology". Zootaxa. 2625: 40–52. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2625.1.2. S2CID87645108.
^Bauer, Kunya, Sumontha, Niyomwan, Panitvong, Pauwels, Chanhome & Kunya, (2009). "Cyrtodactylus erythrops (Squamata: Gekkonidae), a new cave-dwelling gecko from Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand." Zootaxa, n. 2124, p. 51-62.
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^ abcWelton; Siler; Linkem; Diesmos; Brown (2010). "Philippine bent-toed geckos of the Cyrtodactylus agusanensis complex: multilocus phylogeny, morphological diversity, and descriptions of three new species". Herpetological Monographs. 24 (1): 55–85. doi:10.1655/herpmonographs-d-10-00005.1. S2CID15499157.
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^Luu VQ, Calame T, Bonkowski M, Nguyen TQ, Ziegler T (2014). "A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Khammouane Province, Laos". Zootaxa. 3760: 54–66. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3760.1.3. PMID24870071.
^Welton, Siler; Diesmos; Brown (2010). "Phylogeny-based species delimitation of southern Philippines bent-toed geckos and a new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from western Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago". Zootaxa. 2390: 49–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2390.1.3. S2CID540096.
^ abcGrismer LL, Wood PL, Anuar S, et al. (2014). "The phylogenetic relationships of three new species of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from poorly explored regions in northeastern Peninsular Malaysia". Zootaxa. 3786 (3): 359–81. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3786.3.6. PMID24869541. S2CID33539684.
^Pauwels OS, Sumontha M, Panitvong N, Varaguttanonda V (2014). "Cyrtodactylus khelangensis, a new cave-dwelling Bent-toed Gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Lampang Province, northern Thailand". Zootaxa. 3755 (6): 584–94. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3755.6.5. PMID24869843. S2CID35144890.
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^ abDarevsky; Helfenberger; Orlov; Shah (1998) [1997]. "Two new species of the genus Gonydactylus (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from eastern Nepal". Russian Journal of Herpetology. 4 (2): 89–93. doi:10.30906/1026-2296-1997-4-2-89-93.
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^Kraus, F.; Allison, A. (2006). "A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Lacertilia: Gekkonidae) from Papua New Guinea". Zootaxa. 1247: 59–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1247.1.5. S2CID82349784.
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^Ngo Van Tri; Grismer, Larry Lee; Grismer, L. Lee (2010). "A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Phu Quoc National Park, Kien Giang Biosphere Reserve, Southwestern Vietnam". Zootaxa. 2604: 37–51. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2604.1.3.
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^Panitvong N; Sumontha M; Tunprasert J; Pauwels OSG (2014). "Cyrtodactylus saiyok sp. nov., a new dry evergreen forest-dwelling Bent-toed Gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand". Zootaxa. 3869 (1): 64–74. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3869.1.6. PMID25283899. S2CID44880396.
^Rösler; Richards; Günther (2007). "Remarks on morphology and taxonomy of geckos of the genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827, occurring east of Wallacea, with descriptions of two new species (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae)". Salamandra. 43 (4): 193–230.
^Pauwels OS, Sumontha M (2014). "Cyrtodactylus samroiyot, a new limestone-dwelling Bent-toed Gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, peninsular Thailand". Zootaxa. 3755 (6): 573–83. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3755.6.4. PMID24869842. S2CID30113362.
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^Kraus, F (2007). "A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from western Papua New Guinea". Zootaxa. 1425: 63–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1425.1.8. S2CID81110726.
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^Riyanto, Awal; Arida, EVY; Koch, André (2018). "Cyrtodactylus tahuna sp. nov., a new bent-toed gecko (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Sangihe Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia". Zootaxa. 4399 (2): 220–232. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4399.2.6. PMID29690306.
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^Ngo, Van Tri; Grismer, L. Lee (2012). "A new endemic species of Cyrtodactylus Gray (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Tho Chu Island, southwestern Vietnam". Zootaxa. 3228: 48–60. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3228.1.2. S2CID83341461.
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^Oliver, P.; Tjaturadi, B.; Mumpuni; Krey, K.; Richards, S. (2008). "A new species of large Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Melanesia". Zootaxa. 1894: 59–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1894.1.5.
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