Cutaneous endometriosis

Cutaneous endometriosis
SpecialtyUrology, dermatology Edit this on Wikidata

Cutaneous endometriosis is characterized by the appearance of papules at the umbilicus or in lower abdominal scars after gynecologic surgery in middle-aged women.[1]: 628  The size averages to 2 cm in diameter. Its colour ranges from blue to violet, brown or skin-coloured.[2]

Rarely, endometriosis may present inside the muscles of the abdominal wall instead of the skin after cesarean section.[3]

Signs and symptoms

The traditional manifestation of cutaneous endometriosis is a hard nodule or papule with an average diameter of 2 cm. If a patient presents with a nodule at the umbilicus and exhibits symptoms like discomfort, itching, bleeding, or discharge, it is recommended to consider umbilical endometriosis.[4] Localized indications of inflammation, like erythema, could be present in the impacted regions.[2]

Causes

There are two types of cutaneous endometriosis: primary and secondary. Primary cutaneous endometriosis is known to develop spontaneously, yet its exact cause is unknown.[4] It is believed that treatments related to abdominal or pelvic surgery that result in the implantation of endometrial tissue into the skin are the cause of secondary cutaneous endometriosis.[2]

Diagnosis

A biopsy of the lesion and subsequent histological analysis can be used to confirm the diagnosis.[4]

Treatment

For cutaneous endometriosis, there are two possible treatment modalities: hormone therapy and surgery. Oral contraceptives, danazol, and gonadotropin-releasing hormonal agonists are examples of hormonal therapy.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
  2. ^ a b c Raffi L, Suresh R, McCalmont TH, Twigg AR (December 2019). "Cutaneous endometriosis". International Journal of Women's Dermatology. 5 (5): 384–386. doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2019.06.025. PMC 6938861. PMID 31909163.
  3. ^ Bozkurt M, Çil AS, Bozkurt DK (December 2014). "Intramuscular abdominal wall endometriosis treated by ultrasound-guided ethanol injection". Clinical Medicine & Research. 12 (3–4): 160–5. doi:10.3121/cmr.2013.1183. PMC 4317157. PMID 24667221.
  4. ^ a b c d Sharma, Aviskar; Apostol, Radu (2023-03-25). "Cutaneous Endometriosis". StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32809753. Retrieved 2024-03-05.

Further reading

  • Loh, Seung-Hee; Lew, Bark-Lynn; Sim, Woo-Young (2017). "Primary Cutaneous Endometriosis of Umbilicus". Annals of Dermatology. 29 (5). Korean Dermatological Association and The Korean Society for Investigative Dermatology: 621. doi:10.5021/ad.2017.29.5.621. ISSN 1013-9087.
  • PURVIS, ROBERT S.; TYRING, STEPHEN K. (1994). "Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Endometriosis". The Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology. 20 (10). Wiley: 693–695. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.1994.tb00456.x. ISSN 0148-0812.