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Curculioninae
	Dorytomus melanophthalmus, North Wales
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Suborder:	Polyphaga
Infraorder:	Cucujiformia
Family:	Curculionidae
Subfamily:	Curculioninae; Latreille, 1802
Diversity
	About 30 tribes

The beetle subfamily Curculioninae is part of the weevil family Curculionidae. It contains over 23,500 described species in 2,200 genera, and is therefore the largest weevil subfamily. Given that the beetle order (Coleoptera) contains about one-quarter of all known organisms, the Curculioninae represent one of the – if not the – most successful radiations of terrestrial Metazoa.^[1]

Many weevils of this group are commonly known as flower weevils or acorn and nut weevils, after a food commonly eaten by Curculioninae larvae and imagines — the reproductive organs of plants.

Systematics

This large subfamily is divided into around 30 tribes. Delimitation of the Curculioninae is fairly robust considering its enormous size; there is some dispute, however, in their exact boundary with the Molytinae. The Phrynixini and Trypetidini are also included in the Curculioninae by some authors, but more often they are considered Molytinae; conversely, the Itini are usually placed in the Curculioninae but sometimes in the Molytinae, which are also expanded by certain authors to include, among others, the whole Cryptorhynchinae. These, as well as the Ceutorhynchinae, are sometimes included in the Curculioninae as additional tribes Cryptorhynchini and Ceutorhynchini. And some genera while almost certainly Curculioninae, are too unusual and/or ancient to be easily assigned to a specific tribe.

Features used to distinguish some of the tribes are:

Pygidium exposed	Acalyptini^[2] Ceutorhynchini
Foreleg femora with large triangular tooth	Camarotini^[3]
Tarsi with one claw (not two)	Cryptoplini (including Haplonychini)
Mandibular (chewing) motion vertical (not horizontal)	some Curculionini
Prothorax with lateral keels	Derelomini^[2]
Prothorax narrowed at base (ant mimic)	Erodiscini^[3] Otidocephalini
Hindleg femora enlarged	Eugnomini (with triangular tooth) Rhamphini (swollen for jumping)
Tarsal claws fused at base	Smicronychini^[3]
Prosternum anterior to foreleg coxae has a groove into which the rostrum is tucked (if groove continues posterior to coxae: Cryptorhynchinae)	Storeini

List of tribes

The subfamily Curculioninae consists of the following tribes:^[4]
Some notable genera are also listed.

Acalyptini Thomson, 1859
- Acalyptus
- Anchylorhynchus
AcentriniSeidlitz, 1890^[5]
Acentrusini Alonso-Zarazaga, 2005
Ancylocnemidini Voss, 1962
Anoplini Bedel, 1884^[5]^[6]
Anthonomini Thomson, 1859
- Anthonomus
- Brachonyx
Camarotini Schönherr, 1833
Ceratopodini Lacordaire, 1863
Cionini Schönherr, 1825
- Cionus
Cranopoeini Kuschel, 2009
Cryptoplini Lacordaire, 1863
Curculionini Latreille, 1802
- Curculio
Derelomini Lacordaire, 1865
Diabathrariini Lacordaire, 1863
Ellescini Thomson, 1859
- Dorytomus
- Ellescus
Erodiscini Lacordaire, 1863
Eugnomini Lacordaire, 1863
- Meriphus
- Pactolotypus
Geochini Zimmerman, 1994^[6]
Gonipterini Lacordaire, 1863
- Gonipterus
Itini Reitter, 1913^[6]
Mecinini Gistel, 1848
- Mecinus
- Rhinusa
Neosharpiini Hoffmann, 1956^[6]
Nerthopini Lacordaire, 1865
Otidocephalini Lacordaire, 1863
Piazorhinini Lacordaire, 1863
Prionobrachiini Hustache, 1938
Pyropini Lacordaire, 1865
Rhamphini Rafinesque, 1815
- Rhynchaenus
Smicronychini Seidlitz, 1891
Sphaeriopoeini Kuschel, 2003
Storeini Lacordaire, 1863
- Glaucopela
- Peristoreus
Styphlini Jekel, 1861
- Pseudostyphlus
Tychiini Gistel, 1848
- Lignyodes
- Tychius
Ulomascini Lacordaire, 1865
- Misophrice
Viticiini Morimoto, 1983

Footnotes

^ Kuschel 1995
^ ^a ^b Kojima & Morimoto 2005
^ ^a ^b ^c Marvaldi & Lanteri 2005
^ Bouchard P, Bousquet Y, Davies AE, Alonso-Zarazaga MA, Lawrence JF, Lyal CH, Newton AF, Reid CA, Schmitt M, Slipiński SA, Smith AB (April 2011). "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)". ZooKeys (88): 1–972. doi:10.3897/zookeys.88.807. PMC 3088472. PMID 21594053.
^ ^a ^b "Fauna Europaea, Curculioninae".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "weevil.info, Curculioninae".

References

Kuschel, G. (1995). "A phylogenetic classification of Curculionoidea to families and subfamilies". In Anderson, R.S.; Lyal, C.H.C. (eds.). Biology and Phylogeny of Curculionoidea. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington. Vol. 14. pp. 5–33.
Marvaldi, A.E.; Lanteri, A.A. (2005). "Key to higher taxa of South American weevils based on adult characters (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea)" (PDF). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural. 78 (1): 65–87. doi:10.4067/s0716-078x2005000100006.
Kojima, H.; Morimoto, K. (2005). "Weevils of the Tribe Acalyptini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae): Redefinition and a taxonomic treatment of the Japanese, Korean and Taiwanese species" (PDF). Esakia. 45: 69–115. doi:10.5109/2704. S2CID 86802907. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2009-04-06.

External links

Media related to Curculioninae at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Curculioninae at Wikispecies

[1] Kuschel 1995

[km2005-2] Kojima & Morimoto 2005

[ml2005-3] Marvaldi & Lanteri 2005

[Bouchard2011-4] Bouchard P, Bousquet Y, Davies AE, Alonso-Zarazaga MA, Lawrence JF, Lyal CH, Newton AF, Reid CA, Schmitt M, Slipiński SA, Smith AB (April 2011). "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)". ZooKeys (88): 1–972. doi:10.3897/zookeys.88.807. PMC 3088472. PMID 21594053.

[euro-5] "Fauna Europaea, Curculioninae".

[info-6] "weevil.info, Curculioninae".

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[2]

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[6]

PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Curculioninae

Systematics

List of tribes

See also

Footnotes

References

External links

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