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Cumaral
Cumaral
Municipality and town
	Carrera 20 in Cumaral
	Flag Coat of arms
	Location of the municipality and town of Cumaral in the department of Meta.
	Coordinates: 4°16′10″N 73°29′11″W / 4.26944°N 73.48639°W
Country	Colombia
Department	Meta
Founded	July 3, 1901
Named for	Cumare palm
Government
• Alcalde	Albeiro Serna
Area
• Total	580 km2 (220 sq mi)
Elevation	452 m (1,483 ft)
Population (Census 2018)
• Total	21,397
• Density	37/km2 (96/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC-5 (Colombia Standard Time)
Website	Official Website of Cumaral

Cumaral is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Meta.

Name

The name of the municipality comes from the large number of Cumare palms, which were abundant in the early years of its creation.^[3]

History

Cumaral was founded in 1901 at a site known as "Laguna Brava" or "Laguna del pueblo" due to a epidemic of yellow fever. Inhabitants of the area were relocated to cumare palm plantations at a site called "Tierra alta" in 1917. Initially, it was known by the name "Boca de monte".^[4]

The early history of Cumaral was first chronicled by Father Fray Agustín Gómez, the Parish Priest of San Juan de Arama, in a report to Father Fray Clemente Forero, the commissioner of the Llanero reductions, dated October 15, 1750. Father Gómez, after mentioning several tribes including the Camoas of San Martín, referred to the indigenous people who had long lived inland from the original town of Cumaral, noting that it had ceased to exist. This suggests that the first settlement of area near modern Cumaral had vanished before the year 1750.^[5]

Modern Cumaral's inception dates back to 1917, located six kilometers north of Laguna del Pueblo, near the Guacavía River. This new settlement was established on land generously donated by General Avelino Rosas. Originally named Boca de Monte, the settlement was intended to mark the end of the dense jungle covering the foothills from Villavicencio to Restrepo, and the beginning of the savanna. Key figures in the founding of Boca de Monte were Manuel Saavedra Hernández, Eustorgio Pinzón Machado, Faustino Pulido Rojas, Próspero A. Peña, Jorge Varela, José Genay, David Hernández, and Oliverio Castro.

Political-Administrative Division

In addition to its municipal seat. Cumaral has jurisdiction over the following populated centers:

   Guacavía
   Presentado
   San Nicolás
   Veracruz

Geography

Cumaral has a typical landscape of the Llanero foothills, featuring a flat topography with formations of undulations and estuaries.^[4]

Climate

Climate data for Cumural (Cabana La Hda), elevation 305 m (1,001 ft), (1981–2010)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	32.8 (91.0)	33.4 (92.1)	32.5 (90.5)	31.0 (87.8)	30.2 (86.4)	29.3 (84.7)	29.1 (84.4)	30.0 (86.0)	30.8 (87.4)	31.0 (87.8)	31.0 (87.8)	31.5 (88.7)	31.1 (88.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)	26.7 (80.1)	27.0 (80.6)	26.6 (79.9)	25.6 (78.1)	25.2 (77.4)	24.6 (76.3)	24.3 (75.7)	24.9 (76.8)	25.4 (77.7)	25.5 (77.9)	25.7 (78.3)	26.0 (78.8)	25.6 (78.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	21.3 (70.3)	21.8 (71.2)	22.2 (72.0)	22.0 (71.6)	21.7 (71.1)	21.3 (70.3)	20.9 (69.6)	21.1 (70.0)	21.4 (70.5)	21.6 (70.9)	21.8 (71.2)	21.5 (70.7)	21.6 (70.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	41.1 (1.62)	96.0 (3.78)	169.9 (6.69)	421.6 (16.60)	490.3 (19.30)	431.3 (16.98)	386.4 (15.21)	295.3 (11.63)	327.1 (12.88)	350.7 (13.81)	292.3 (11.51)	100.9 (3.97)	3,365.1 (132.48)
Average precipitation days	5	8	13	21	24	24	23	21	19	19	16	9	199
Average relative humidity (%)	73	73	77	84	86	87	87	84	83	83	83	80	82
Mean monthly sunshine hours	176.7	144.0	111.6	105.0	108.5	99.0	102.3	124.0	144.0	148.8	153.0	173.6	1,590.5
Mean daily sunshine hours	5.7	5.1	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.3	4.0	4.8	4.8	5.1	5.6	4.4
Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales^[6]

References

^ "Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2018" (in Spanish). DANE. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
^ DANE Censo 2005 - Población cumaraleña
^ "Mayor's Office of Cumaral, historical review". Retrieved January 21, 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Historical Overview of Cumaral". www.cumaral-meta.gov.co (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-24.
^ Granados, Rafael María (1936). Obra civilizadora de la Iglesia en Colombia. Libreria Voluntad. p. 218.
^ "Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010" (in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2024.