The order of battle of the Croatian Special Police Units (Croatian: Specialne Jedinice Policije, SJP) in 1991–1995 included up to 30 individual special forces units subordinated to the Ministry of the Interior. The special police was created around the Ministry of the Interior's existing airborne special forces unit following an open revolt of the Croatian Serbs against the Government of Croatia in August 1990. It further developed with the increasing involvement of the Yugoslav People's Army in the conflict, supporting the Croatian Serbs. The conflict escalated into the Croatian War of Independence in 1991. The special police took part in the first clashes of the war in Pakrac and at the Plitvice Lakes. As Croatia had no army, the 3,000-strong special forces became the country's most effective fighting force.
Even though several special police units were transformed into the Croatian National Guard (later renamed the Croatian Army) in 1991, the special police continued to operate throughout the war as special forces units supporting virtually all army operations. The last large deployment of the special police in the war occurred in Operation Storm in August 1995, when the force contributed 3,100 troops to the offensive. During the war, the special police units lost 179 troops killed, 790 wounded and 14 missing.
The Special Police of the Republic of Croatia is the name for the special units of the Croatian police in charge of performing tasks in the fight against all forms of terrorism, i.e. in resolving hostage situations, kidnappings, the most serious forms of public disorder and arrests of armed individuals and groups in special conditions.
Establishment
In 1990, following the electoral defeat of the socialist government of Croatia by the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) representing a nationalist programme, ethnic tensions between Croats and Croatian Serbs worsened.[1] The Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslavenska narodna armija – JNA) believed Croatia would use the Croatian Territorial Defence Force's (Teritorijalna obrana – TO) equipment to build its own army and confront the JNA itself.[2] In order to minimize the expected resistance, the JNA confiscated the TO weapons.[3] On 17 August, the tensions escalated into an open revolt of the Croatian Serbs against the Croatian Government,[1] centred on the predominantly Serb-populated areas in Croatia—the Dalmatian hinterland around Knin,[4] and various parts of the Lika, Kordun, Banovina and Slavonia regions.[5] The JNA increasingly supported the Croatian Serb insurgents. The JNA stepped into the conflict, gradually increasing its support to the Croatian Serb insurgents.[6]
Croatia had no regular army at the beginning of 1991. In an effort to bolster its defence, Croatia doubled its police personnel to about 20,000. The most effective part of the force was the 3,000-strong special police, deployed in twelve battalions, adopting special forces military organisation.[7]
The first special police unit established in the 1990s was the Lučko Anti-Terrorist Unit (ATU).[8] Its ranks were largely filled through the selection of police officers trained in Zagreb in 1990. A small number of other personnel were drawn from a special forces unit of the Croatian Ministry of the Interior that existed before the 1990s.[9]Marko Lukić was the first commanding officer of the Lučko ATU.[8]
Special police were visually distinguished by the gradual introduction of a green uniform with a shoulder patch worn on the right sleeve. Officially referred to as Sword and Lightning,(Mač i munja)[10] the design of the Croatian special police shoulder sleeve insignia was inspired by the US Army Special Forces insignia.[11]
In late 1991, the Ministry of the Interior established the Special Police Department to facilitate efficient command and control of the special police. It was reorganised into the Special Police Sector of the ministry in 1994 due to the expanding scope of its operations, including planning and oversight of training processes. The Joint Special Police Force framework was set up by the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia to integrate the special police into military operations.[9] In major offensives, such as Operation Storm, when the force fielded 3,100 troops, the special police was directly subordinated to the General Staff of the Armed Forces.[12]
The Special Police Airborne Unit, using three helicopters, was deployed on 17 August 1990 to quell a Croatian Serb insurrection in and around Knin. Established in 1968, it was the only combat capable unit of the Croatian military at that time. En route, two Yugoslav Air Force fighters intercepted the helicopters and forced them to land in Ogulin.[13] The day is now considered to be the date when the first unit of the Croatian special police was founded. Following the incident, additional special police units were set up, the bulk of which were formed between September 1990 and September 1991.[8][14]
The special police subsequently took part in all military operations in the Croatian War of Independence, sustaining losses of 179 troops killed, 790 wounded and 14 missing.[15] Personnel of all units directly subordinated to the Ministry of the Interior were transferred to the Croatian National Guard (Zbor narodne garde – ZNG) by 15 May 1991, when four infantry brigades were established to replace the special police units disbanded in the process.[16] A part of the force was transferred to the Zrinski Battalion—the first special forces unit of the ZNG established around former French Foreign Legion personnel on 18 May.[17] The Airborne Unit, the Lučko ATU and the regionally organised units remained active throughout the war.[15]
The unit was deployed on 17 August 1990 in response to the Log Revolution, and the date is commemorated since as the day of the unit's formation.[19] The unit also supported the Croatian Army (HV) during the Croatian War of Independence, including Operation Maslenica. During that period, the unit was commanded by Mladen Veselić. As of 2013[update], the unit is based at the Lučko Airport in suburban Zagreb, as it was during the war.[20] It sustained no fatalities during the war.[13]
The unit initially consisted of 225 volunteers, although a total of 350 troops served in the unit at various points of the war. During that time, the unit lost 24 troops killed, while 52 others were severely wounded. The Lučko ATU fought in the first skirmishes with Croatian Serb forces in Pakrac and at the Plitvice Lakes, and in the battles near Dubrovnik, Maslenica, Medak Pocket and during Operations Flash and Storm. Seven Croatian generals were members of the Lučko ATU before transferring to the army: Mladen Markač, Mirko Norac, Miljenko Filipović, Ante Roso, Stanko Sopta, Slavko Butorac and Željko Sačić.[21] Markač replaced Lukić as the unit's commanding officer in late 1991.[22] On 14 February 1994, Markač assumed overall command of the special police.[8][23]
Tuškanac
1 October 1990
The Tuškanac Special Police Unit (SPU), nicknamed "Special Task Unit", was based in Tuškanac area of Zagreb. It was initially commanded by Ivan Nađ.[8]
The Valbandon SPU was formed through a training course held in Valbandon near Pula. The unit was initially under the command of Dane Trkulja and consisted of 720 troops. It was moved from Valbandon to the Dubrava area of Zagreb on 17 December 1990 and renamed the Pionirski grad SPU, after the new base. Besides the Pionirski grad barracks, elements of the unit were based in the Sljeme Peak, Nova Ves, Markuševec and Tuškanac areas of Zagreb.[24]
Kumrovec
21 November 1990
The Kumrovec SPU was initially commanded by Neven Martić. The unit was associate with another special police's units and took part in fighting in Pakrac 1 March 1991. Unit SJP Kumrovec supported the special police's recapture of the Plitvice Lakes on 31 March 1991 by securing the Ljubovo Pass between the lakes and the city of Gospić and area of Plitvice Lakes to protect the flank of the main advance of the day.[25] In June 1991, the unit is divided and one part -150 troops was moved to Petruševac beside Zagreb and was part of an established 2nd Guards Brigade and 150 troops were moved to Split and was part of establish 4th Guards Brigade, in time of re-organization the unit was transferred to Sljeme Peak north of Zagreb.[26] Twenty-seven of the unit's original 350 personnel were reassigned to the Zrinski Battalion of the ZNG as the first troops of the special forces battalion commanded by Miljenko Filipović and Ante Roso. .[17]
Sljeme
6 February 1991
The Sljeme SPU was based at Sljeme Peak for four months until the unit was disbanded in June 1991 after its members were transferred to new special police units established in most of the counties of Croatia. Once the Sljeme SPU was disbanded, its base at Sljeme was taken over by the Kumrovec SPU and ZNG special forces. The unit fought in March 1991 at the Plitvice Lakes.[27] The first commander of the unit was Slavko Butorac.[26]
Vinica
8 April 1991
The Vinica SPU, initially commanded by Zdravko Kuzelj, was based in the Vinica Training Centre near Varaždin. On 30 April, approximately 200 troops were transferred from the Vinica SPU to a newly established special police unit in Erdut. The Vinica SPU received additional personnel, before it was reformed into a battalion of the 1st Guards Brigade.[26]
Erdut
30 April 1991
The Erdut SPU was formed from 200 troops transferred from the Vinica SPU and new personnel at the Erdut Training Centre. It was under command of Branko Lanšćak. Part of the unit left Erdut and transferred to other special police units, while the remainder of the Erdut SPU was added to the 3rd Guards Brigade of the ZNG. Croatian forces lost control of Erdut to the JNA on 3 July 1991.[28][29]
Regionally organised units
Special police Alfa Unit 20th anniversary celebration
In November 1991, the Ministry of the Interior redefined the organisation of the special police force, retaining a few units under direct control of the ministry and assigning others to county police administrations.[30] The move was devised in response to the advance of the JNA.[9] The scheme included the establishment of an SPU in each of the 20 county police administrations. At the time, there were up to 19 such SPUs.[14] Under the scheme, the Karlovac, Gospić, Osijek, Slavonski Brod and Zagreb SPUs were planned to have 180 troops each. The Rijeka, Sisak, Bjelovar and Šibenik SPUs were scheduled to comprise 150 troops each, while the Split, Zadar, Kutina, Vinkovci, Županja and Vukovar SPUs were planned as 120-strong units. The smallest, 100-strong units were to be based in Pula, Varaždin, Zabok and Dubrovnik. Overall, the scheme called for 2,620 active special police troops in the regionally organised units alone,[30] and defined that each of the units should have a matching number of reserve troops.[31]
No additional SPUs were set up in 1992, regardless of discrepancies between the November 1991 reorganisation scheme and the actual order of battle of the special police. Two additional SPUs were set up and assigned to the Koprivnica-Križevci and Požega-Slavonia police administrations in 1993.[14] Following a reorganisation of the force carried out in 2001, the regionally based units were amalgamated into four units—Zagreb, Split, Rijeka and Osijek. At the same time, the special police was reduced to 300 personnel.[15]
Units subordinated to county police administrations[18]
Unit
Established
Notes
Lovinac
17 August 1990
The Lovinac SPU, nicknamed Vila Velebita after a Croatian patriotic song, was attached to the Lovinac police station,[19] after it had been established as a volunteer unit.[32] Croatian forces lost control of Lovinac to the forces of SAO Krajina on 26 September 1991.[33] The unit withdrew from Lovinac. It was subsequently based on the Velebit Mountain, and later it took part in Operations Maslenica and Storm.[32]
Zadar
15 October 1990
The Zadar SPU, nicknamed Horned Vipers (Poskoci), was attached to the Zadar County police administration.[19] The unit initially consisted of 30 troops, however by 15 March 1991 it had grown to 130, including 20 reserve troops. The Zadar SPU sustained its first fatality on 2 May 1991 in Polača near Zadar, in an event that led to riots in Zadar. The unit initially fought in the Zadar hinterland, including during the Battle of Zadar. The Zadar SPU contributed troops to maintaining defensive positions on the Velebit mountain in 1992–95, and took part in Operations Maslenica, Medak Pocket, Flash and Storm. During the war, the Zadar SPU sustained losses of five troops killed and ten wounded.[34]
Bjelovar
23 February 1991
The Bjelovar SPU, nicknamed Omega, was attached to the Bjelovar-Bilogora County police administration.[19] Deployments of the unit included the Pakrac clash on 1 March 1991.[35] The unit took part in Operations Maslenica, Medak Pocket, Flash and Storm.[36]
Karlovac
1 March 1991
The Karlovac SPU, nicknamed Thunder (Grom), was attached to the Karlovac County police administration.[19] The unit initially comprised two companies of volunteers from Karlovac, and one platoon from Slunj, Ogulin and Duga Resa each. The unit took part in the Plitvice Lakes fighting in March 1991, in the Battle of the Barracks in Karlovac and Ogulin, the Battle of Konavle, and in Operations Maslenica, Medak Pocket, Flash and Storm.[37]
Osijek
3 March 1991
The Osijek SPU, nicknamed Eagle (Orao), was attached to the Osijek-Baranja County police administration.[19] Initially, the unit consisted of 160 troops, but by 1993, the unit had reached a strength of about 300. During the war, 19 members of the unit died and 66 were wounded. The unit was deployed throughout the country and took part in fighting in Borovo Selo, as well as in Operations Maslenica, Medak Pocket, Flash and Storm.[38] The unit had a forward deployed platoon of special police in Našice. The platoon was designated the Našice–Orahovica SPU.[19]
Vinkovci
3 March 1991
The Vinkovci SPU, nicknamed Ticks (Krpelji), was attached to the Vukovar-Srijem County police administration.[19] The unit sustained losses of 20 troops killed in the Croatian War of Independence,[39] including twelve in the Battle of Borovo Selo.[40]
Slavonski Brod
8 March 1991
The Slavonski Brod SPU, nicknamed Šima's Hells Angels (Šimini anđeli pakla), was attached to the Brod-Posavina County police administration. A special police platoon was established in Nova Gradiška on 15 March 1991. It was nicknamed Zebras (Zebre) and attached to the Slavonski Brod SPU. The unit also contained a platoon of special police drawn from Požega.[41] Besides the Nova Gradiška and Požega platoons, the unit comprised one reserve and two active platoons based in Slavonski Brod. Its personnel were trained at the Valbandon Training Centre. Slavonski Brod SPU sustained wartime losses of eight killed and 86 wounded.[42] A monument to the unit's casualties was placed in front of the SPU's headquarters in Podvinje near Slavonski Brod in May 2013.[43] The unit took part in fighting in Banovina and western Slavonia in 1991, as well as the Battle of Vukovar, mopping up after Operation Papuk-91 and Operations Flash and Storm.[44]
Split
15 March 1991
The Split SPU, nicknamed BATT, was attached to the Split-Dalmatia County police administration.[45] The nickname was derived from initial letters of surnames of the first four unit members killed in the war: Bočina, Abramović, Tomaš and Topić. A large number of unit members was transferred to the ZNG to enable founding of the 4th Guards Brigade.[46]
Šibenik
15 March 1991
The Šibenik SPU, nicknamed Hawks (Jastrebovi), was attached to the Šibenik County police administration.[45]
Sisak
15 March 1991
The Sisak SPU, nicknamed Wasp (Osa), was attached to the Sisak-Moslavina County police administration and based in the Viktorovac area of Sisak.[45] The unit took part in fighting in Banovina, western Slavonia, and around Dubrovnik in 1991–92 and held defensive positions on the Velebit with other SPUs in 1992–95. It also took part in Operations Flash and Storm. During the war, the Sisak SPU lost five killed and one missing in action.[47]
Kutina
15 March 1991
The Sisak SPU, nicknamed Lynx (Ris), was also attached to the Sisak-Moslavina County police administration, and its members were generally drawn from Ivanić Grad, Kutina, Novska and Garešnica.[45] The unit took part in Operation Flash.[48]
Zlatar
15 March 1991
The Zlatar SPU, nicknamed Baron (Barun), was attached to the Krapina-Zagorje County police administration.[45]
Gospić
15 March 1991
The Gospić SPU, nicknamed Tiger (Tigar), was attached to the Lika-Senj County police administration.[45] The unit took part in Operations Maslenica, Medak Pocket and Storm and maintained positions on the Velebit for most of the war. It sustained losses of six killed and 26 wounded during the war.[49]
Varaždin
18 March 1991
The Varaždin SPU, nicknamed Stork (Roda), was attached to the Varaždin County police administration.[50] The unit was deployed to eastern Slavonia in September 1991 as part of a 170-strong reinforcement sent by the Varaždin police. On 9 November, during the Battle of Vukovar, the unit unsuccessfully tried to break through from Vinkovci to Vukovar. The Varaždin SPU took part in fighting throughout Croatia, including Operations Maslenica, Flash and Storm, sustaining losses of 11 killed, 39 wounded and two captured troops.[51]
Rijeka
8 April 1991
The Rijeka SPU, nicknamed Sharks (Ajkule), was attached to the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County police administration.[52] The unit took part in the defence of Dubrovnik and Operations Maslenica, Flash and Storm, sustaining loss of seven members killed during the war.[53]
The Zagreb SPU, nicknamed Alpha (Alfa), was attached to the Zagreb police administration.[52] Its first commanding officer was Vladimir Faber. The unit took part in fighting in the Banovina region, the Battle of the Barracks, and Operations Maslenica, Medak Pocket, Flash, Storm and elsewhere throughout Croatia. The Zagreb SPU also contributed to maintenance of the defence on the Velebit. The unit strength peaked at 220–250 troops.[55]
Istra
27 July 1991
The Istra SPU, nicknamed Bull (Bak), was attached to the Istria County police administration and based in Valbandon.[52] The unit took part in fighting in Banovina, Lika, Dalmatia and Slavonia, as well as in Operations Maslenica, Medak Pocket, Flash and Storm.[56] Six unit members were killed during the war.[48]
Županja
17 September 1991
The Županja SPU, nicknamed Delta, was attached to the Vukovar-Srijem County police administration.[52]
Požega
15 March 1993
The Požega SPU, nicknamed Trenk after Baron Franz von der Trenck, was attached to the Požega-Slavonia County police administration.[52] A 33-strong platoon of special police, established on 8 March 1991 and drawn from Požega police station,[57] was previously a part of the Slavonski Brod SPU.[52] The unit took part in Operation Flash.[58]
Koprivnica
1 August 1993
The Koprivnica SPU, nicknamed Ban after Dražen Baniček, a member of the 4th Platoon of the Bjelovar SPU who was killed in action, was attached to the Koprivnica-Križevci County police administration. Prior to August 1993, special police troops drawn from the Koprivnica area were largely assigned to the Bjelovar SPU.[52] In turn, the Koprivnica SPU was formed from troops transferred from the Bjelovar SPU and additional forces drawn from the HV. The unit contributed to the defence of the Velebit Mountain and supported several HV operations, including Flash and Storm.[59] The first wartime commander of the unit was Miralem Alečković.[60]
Marijan, Davor (2007). Oluja [Storm] (PDF) (in Croatian). Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Memorial Documentation Centre of the Homeland War of the Government of Croatia. ISBN978-953-7439-08-8. Archived from the original(PDF) on 31 December 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
Bilandžić, Mirko; Milković, Stjepan (December 2009). "Specijalne vojno-policijske protuterorističke postrojbe: Hrvatska i svijet" [Special Military and Police Counter-Terrorist Units: Croatia and the World]. Polemos: Journal of Interdisciplinary Research on War and Peace (in Croatian). 12 (24). Croatian Sociological Association and Jesenski & Turk Publishing House: 33–60. ISSN1331-5595. Archived from the original on 2022-02-17. Retrieved 2013-09-14.
Frntić, Damir (16 November 2012). "Gorjeli su nebo i zemlja" [Heaven and Earth Were Set on Fire] (in Croatian). Varaždinske vijesti. Archived from the original on 29 December 2013.
Pajalić, Miljenko (2013-02-05). "Razgovor s Mladenom Veselićem" [Mladen Veselić Interview]. Hrvatski tjednik (in Croatian). Croatian Cultural Council. Archived from the original on 2013-12-29. Retrieved 2013-09-13.
Lukan, Biserka (2011). "Obilježena 20. obljetnica SJP BATT Split" [The 20th Anniversary of BATT SPU Split Marked] (PDF). MUP (in Croatian). 6 (47). Ministry of the Interior (Croatia): 36. ISSN1846-3444. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2012-04-17. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
Maoduš, Kristina (2011). "Obilježena 20. obljetnica osnutka SJP Tigrovi" [The 20th Anniversary of Tigers SPU Marked] (PDF). MUP (in Croatian). 6 (51). Ministry of the Interior (Croatia): 35. ISSN1846-3444. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2012-04-17. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
Mihaljević, Božo (2011). "Ratni put JNP Lovinac" [Wartime History of the Lovinac SPU] (PDF). MUP (in Croatian). 6 (50). Ministry of the Interior (Croatia). ISSN1846-3444. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2012-04-17. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
Nujić, Kata (2011). "U Slavonskom Brodu obilježena 20. godišnjica SJP" [The 20th Anniversary of SPU Marked in Slavonski Brod] (PDF). MUP (in Croatian). 6 (48). Ministry of the Interior (Croatia): 56–59. ISSN1846-3444. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2012-04-17. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
"Obilježeno 20 godina osnutka SJP" [20th Anniversary the SPU Marked] (in Croatian). Ministry of the Interior (Croatia), Brod-Posavina Police Administration. 2011-04-15. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2013-09-14.
Radić, Ivana (2012). "Tuga, ali i ponos na veliku žrtvu" [Sadness and Pride in Great Sacrifice] (PDF). MUP (in Croatian). 7 (57). Ministry of the Interior (Croatia): 70. ISSN1846-3444. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2013-01-19. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
"SJP Grom PU karlovačka" [Grom SPU, Karlovac Police Administration] (in Croatian). Karlovac Police Administration. Archived from the original on 2015-10-03. Retrieved 2013-09-13.
Veršić, Tomislav (2011). "Dvadeset godina od osnutka SJP Rijeka" [Twenty Years Since Founding of SPU Rijeka] (PDF). MUP (in Croatian). 6 (48). Ministry of the Interior (Croatia): 60. ISSN1846-3444. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2012-04-17. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
Žužul, Marija (2011). "Iz ratnog puta SJP "Bak-Istra"" [From Wartime History of Bak-Istra SPU] (PDF). MUP (in Croatian). 6 (49). Ministry of the Interior (Croatia): 58–59. ISSN1846-3444. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2012-04-17. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
Žužul, Marija (2010). "Josip Jović – Prva žrtva Domovinskog rata" [Josip Jović – The First Victim of the Croatian War of Independence]. In Kreš, Marija (ed.). Policija u Domovinskom ratu 1990.-1991 [Police in the Croatian War of Independence 1990–1991] (PDF) (in Croatian). Ministry of the Interior (Croatia). pp. 21–27. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2017-07-03. Retrieved 2013-09-13.
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Maret 2023. Emma BrooméEmma Broomé pada 2014Lahir13 Juni 1985 (umur 38)Bollnäs, SwediaKebangsaanSwediaPekerjaanPemeran Emma Maria Isabelle Broomé (lahir 13 Juni 1985) adalah seorang pemeran berkebangsaan Swedia. Ia dikenal karena peran utamanya sebagai Åsa...
Lokasi Floreşti di Provinsi Cluj Untuk pengertian lain, lihat Floreşti. Floreşti (bahasa Hungaria: Szászfenes) ialah sebuah komune di Provinsi Cluj, Rumania. Demografi Menurut sensus tahun 2002, orang Rumania menyusun 60,45% penduduk, orang Hungaria menyusun 27,53% dan orang Rom 11,88%.[1] Di komune ini, bahasa Rumania dan Hungaria digunakan dalam lingkup publik, pendidikan, peradilan, dan akses ke administrasi publik. Catatan ^ Data sensus tahun 2002 untuk Floreşti. Diarsipkan d...
У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Мариинский дворец. ДостопримечательностьМариинский дворец 50°26′54″ с. ш. 30°32′15″ в. д.HGЯO Страна Украина Местоположение Киев, Печерский районул. Михаила Грушевского, 5А Архитектурный стиль барокко Дата основа...
Del Amo Mall Lokasi Torrance di County Los Angeles. Torrance adalah sebuah kota yang terletak di bagian barat daya wilayah metropolitan Los Angeles di negara bagian California, Amerika Serikat. Kota ini juga merupakan kota pantai meskipun tidak seramai kota-kota pantai lainnya di Los Angeles seperti Manhattan Beach dan Santa Monica. Kantor pusat Toyota Motor Amerika di Torrance. Perusahaan mobil Jepang, Toyota dan Honda memiliki kantor pusat untuk Amerika Serikat di kota Torrance. Del Amo Fas...
Questa voce sull'argomento gruppi etnici è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. InglesiBallo del Morris eseguito sul prato della cattedrale di Wells. Luogo d'origine Inghilterra Popolazionecirca 100-120 milioni nel mondo LinguaInglese ReligioneStoricamente anglicanesimo, con minoranze di metodismo, altri protestantesimi e cattolicesimoOggi la maggioranza non è religiosa, rimane una consistente proporzione di cristiani, e molti hann...
1953 aviation accident American Airlines Flight 723An American Airlines Convair 240 similar to the accident aircraftAccidentDateSeptember 16, 1953SummaryControlled flight into terrain, pilot errorSiteColonie, New York, on approach to Albany Airport 42°44′03″N 73°51′42″W / 42.7341°N 73.8616°W / 42.7341; -73.8616AircraftAircraft typeConvair CV-240-0Aircraft nameFlagship BristolOperatorAmerican AirlinesRegistrationN94255Flight originBoston Airport1st...
Tigerair Australia IATA ICAO Kode panggil TT TGW GO CAT Didirikan2007Mulai beroperasi23 November 2007Pusat operasi Bandar Udara Melbourne Bandar Udara Sydney Armada11Tujuan8SloganGo Tiger AustraliaPerusahaan indukTiger Airways Holdings[1]Kantor pusatMelbourne, Victoria, AustraliaTokoh utama Andrew David (CEO). Situs webwww.tigerairways.com.au Tiger Airways Australia Pty Ltd, beroperasi sebagai Tigerair Australia adalah maskapai penerbangan bertarif rendah yang memulai penerbangan pada...
See also: Kruszewnia, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Polish. (April 2023) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Con...
Ираклеониты — ученики гностика Ираклеона (II век). Упоминаются как особая секта Епифанием и Августином; при крещении и миропомазании они соблюдали обряд помазания елеем и при этом произносили воззвания на арамейском языке, которые должны были освободить душу от власт...
Simone bar GioraLista dei principali personaggi che furono esposti nel trionfo romano ed erano detenuti nel carcere mamertino a Roma. Tra questi vi era anche Simone bar GioraMorteRoma 71 Cause della morteGiustiziato EtniaEbreo ReligioneEbraismo Dati militariPaese servitoGiudea Forza armataMilizia giudaica GradoComandante GuerrePrima guerra giudaica BattaglieAssedio di Gerusalemme Comandante diEdomiti voci di militari presenti su Wikipedia Manuale Simone bar Giora (anche Simeon Bar Giora,...
Федеральное агентство по делам Содружества Независимых Государств, соотечественников, проживающих за рубежом, и по международному гуманитарному сотрудничествусокращённо: Россотрудничество Общая информация Страна Россия Юрисдикция Россия Дата создания 6 сентября...
BMW X5 (E70)InformasiProdusenBMWMasa produksi7 Juli 2006 – 28 Juni 2013Model untuk tahun2007–2013PerakitanGreer, Carolina Selatan, Amerika Serikat (BMW America) Toluca, Meksiko (BMW de México)Kaliningrad, Rusia (Avtovor)[1]PerancangPierre Leclercq (2003)Bodi & rangkaKelasmobil SUV mewah ukuran mediumBentuk kerangka5-pintu SUVMobil terkaitBMW X6Penyalur dayaMesin3.0L 272 hp I63.0L 306 hp I6 TT 3.0L 265 hp Diesel TT I6 4.8L 350 hp V8 4.4L 400&...
Indian festival This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Aanayoottu – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) AanayoottuAanayoottu in 2010 in Thrissur cityGenreTemple festivalDatesFirst day of the month of Karkkidakam (Malayalam calendar)L...
History museum in Fort Smith, ArkansasFort Smith Museum of HistoryEstablished1910Location320 Rogers AvenueFort Smith, ArkansasTypeHistory museumWebsitewww.fortsmithmuseum.orgAtkinson-Williams WarehouseU.S. National Register of Historic Places Location in ArkansasShow map of ArkansasLocation in United StatesShow map of the United StatesLocation320 Rogers Ave., Fort Smith, ArkansasCoordinates35°23′15″N 94°25′42″W / 35.38750°N 94.42833°W / 35.38750; -94.42833A...
Jake Clarke-Salter Clarke-Salter membuat debut profesional nya untuk ChelseaInformasi pribadiNama lengkap Jake-Liam Clarke-Salter[1]Tanggal lahir 22 September 1997 (umur 26)Tempat lahir Carshalton, InggrisTinggi 1,88 m (6 ft 2 in)Posisi bermain BekInformasi klubKlub saat ini Queens Park RangersNomor 6Karier junior2006–2007 Chelsea2007–2008 Sutton United2008–2016 ChelseaKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2016–2022 Chelsea 1 (0)2016–2017 → Bristol Rover...
Novel by Jeff Shaara For other uses, see Gods and Generals (disambiguation). Gods and Generals First editionAuthorJeff ShaaraLanguageEnglishSubjectAmerican Civil WarGenreHistorical novelPublisherBallantine BooksPublication date1996Publication placeUnited StatesPages512ISBN0-345-40492-0Followed byThe Killer Angels Gods and Generals is a novel which serves as a prequel to Michael Shaara's 1974 Pulitzer Prize–winning work about the Battle of Gettysburg, The Killer Angels. Written by...
معركة الوجاج حدثث بين الامام عبد الله بن فيصل بن تركي والأمير راكان ابن حثلين وسعود بن فيصل بن تركي، بسبب ثأر بينه و بين راكان ابن حثلين لسيما ما حدث في ملح و طبعه و قامو بثوره ناجحه اسقطو فيها حكمه و اختلفت الروايه بين مقتله او هروبه للكويت و انضم سعود بن فيصل بن تركي آل سعود ...
جزء من سلسلة مقالات سياسة البرتغالالبرتغال الدستور الدستور حقوق الإنسان السلطة التنفيذية الرئيس (القائمة) مارسيلو ريبيلو دي سوسا رئيس الوزراء (القائمة) أنطونيو كوستا مجلس الوزراء السلطة التشريعية البرلمان (القائمة) القائمة: إدواردو فيرو رودريغز السلطة القضائية القضاء ال...
