Craugastor phasma

Craugastor phasma
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Craugastoridae
Genus: Craugastor
Subgenus: Craugastor
Species:
C. phasma
Binomial name
Craugastor phasma
(Lips and Savage, 1996)
Synonyms[3]

Eleutherodactylus phasma Lips and Savage, 1996[2]

Craugastor phasma is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to southeastern Costa Rica and only known from its type locality in the Las Tablas protected area in the Puntarenas Province, near the Panamanian border.[1][3] Only a single individual—the holotype collected in 1992—has ever been observed.[1][2] It is unusual in its ghost-like, gray-white coloration, and it was initially thought that the specimen was an albino form of some other species. However, the specimen is also morphologically distinct,[2] although some uncertainty regarding the validity of this species remains.[1]

Etymology

The specific name phasma is Greek for "apparition" or "spirit" and refers to the ghost-like appearance of this species.[2]

Taxonomy and systematics

Based on morphological data, Savage and colleagues (2004) suggested that the sister species of Craugastor phasma is Craugastor talamancae,[4] a lowland species. Later studies have grouped Craugastor phasma with montane species in the Craugastor melanostictus species group.[5][6]

Description

The holotype, an adult female, measures 48 mm (1.9 in) in snout–vent length. Apart from the black eyes and scattered black markings on the head and hind limbs, the dorsal and ventral surfaces are uniformly gray-white. Skin is smooth. The head is slightly broader than it is wide. The snout is obtuse in profile. The canthus rostralis is sharp. The tympanum is ovoid and distinct. The fingers and toes bear disks. The toes have basal webbing.[2]

Las Tablas protected area in Costa Rica
Las Tablas protected area in Costa Rica
class=notpageimage|
Craugastor phasma is only known from the Las Tablas protected area in the Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica

Habitat and conservation

The holotype was found on a rocky stream bank in lower montane rainforest at 1,850 m (6,070 ft) above sea level.[1][2] The site was part of a transect that was regularly monitored for two years, but no other specimens were observed.[2]

The type locality is within the La Amistad Biosphere Reserve. However, the holotype was sick and observed among dead and dying frogs, so disease is a possible, immediate threat to this species.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Craugastor phasma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T56853A54369934. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T56853A54369934.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Lips, Karen R. & Savage, Jay M. (1996). "A new species of rainfrog, Eleutherodactylus phasma (Anura: Leptodactylidae), from montane Costa Rica". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 109: 744–748.
  3. ^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Craugastor phasma (Lips and Savage, 1996)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  4. ^ Savage, Jay M.; Hollingsworth, Bradford D.; Lips, Karen R. & Jaslow, Alan P. (2004). "A new species of rainfrog (genus Eleutherodactylus) from the Serranía de Tabasará, west-central Panama and reanalysis of the fitzingeri group". Herpetologica. 60 (4): 519–529. doi:10.1655/03-29. S2CID 73638935.
  5. ^ Hedges, S. B.; Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P. (2008). "New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1737: 1–182. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1737.1.1.
  6. ^ Padial, J. M.; Grant, T. & Frost, D. R. (2014). "Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria". Zootaxa. 3825: 1–132. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3825.1.1. PMID 24989881.

Read other articles:

Carey Adamson

Marsekal Udara Carey William Adamson (5 September 1942 – 10 Mei 2019[1]) adalah seorang panglima militer Angkatan Udara Diraja Selandia Baru (RNZAF). Ia menjabat sebagai Kepala Staf Angkatan Udara dari 1995[2] hingga 1999 dan Panglima Angkatan Bersenjata Selandia Baru dari 1999 hingga 2001. Referensi ^ Carey Adamson death notice. The Press. 16 May 2019. Diakses tanggal 16 May 2019.  ^ Lee-Frampton, Nick (24–30 July 1996). Forward Thrust. Flight International. Diakses ...

 

 

Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Tiongkok

Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Tiongkok中国科学院Institut Teknologi Komputer, Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Tiongkok, Beijing.Informasi lembagaDibentuk1949; 75 tahun lalu (1949)Kantor pusatBeijing, TiongkokPejabat eksekutifBai Chunli, PresidenLembaga indukDewan Negara Republik Rakyat TiongkokSitus webenglish.cas.cn Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Tiongkok Hanzi sederhana: 中国科学院 Hanzi tradisional: 中國科學院 Alih aksara Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōngguó Kēxuéyuàn - Wade-Giles: Chun...

 

 

SOSUS

Letak sensor SOSUS pertama. SOSUS, akronim dari Sound Surveillance System (Sistem Pengawasan Suara), adalah rangkaian pos pendengaran bawah laut di sepanjang Samudra Atlantik Utara dekat Greenland, Islandia, dan Britania Raya — disebut celah GIUK. Mulanya dijalankan oleh Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat untuk melacak kapal selam Uni Soviet yang harus melewati celah tersebut agar mereka dapat disergap di sebelah barat. Lokasi lain di Samudra Atlantik dan Pasifik juga memiliki stasiun SOSUS.[...

Lomba Musik Rock 1987

Lomba Musik Rock 1987Kompilasi karya Various ArtistDirilis1987Direkam?GenreRockDurasi?LabelHins CollectionsProduserTheodore K.S. Lomba Musik Rock 1987 adalah Album kompilasi Lomba Musik Rock 1987 yang dimotori Ian Antono dan Harry Anggoman sebagai penata musik. Daftar lagu Bara Api (Donny Fattah, Prass) oleh: Iskandar Z. Sembiring Potret (Emir Aka, Emich) oleh: Renny Djayoesman Letih (Titiek Bartje Van Houten) oleh: Julia Rafain Bersama Dalam Harapan (Wahyu G.V., Wiwie G.V.) oleh: Wahyu G...

 

 

Sleep disorder

Medical disorder of a person's sleep patterns This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. You can assist by editing it. (February 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Medical conditionSleep disorderPediatric polysomnographySpecialtyClinical psychology, Psychiatry, Sleep medicine, Neurology A sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder of an individual's sleep patterns. Some sleep disorders are severe enough to interfere...

 

 

Associazione nazionale bersaglieri

Associazione nazionale bersaglieri AbbreviazioneANB Fondazione1946 ScopoColleganza tra i bersaglieri in servizio e in congedo Sede centrale Roma Area di azioneTerritorio nazionale, oltre a venti sezioni estere Sito web Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Nel 1887 nasce a Torino e Milano la Società di Mutuo Soccorso fra Bersaglieri in congedo, che nel 1921 si trasforma in Associazione Nazionale Bersaglieri (A.N.B.). Ricostituita nel 1946 dopo il secondo conflitto mondiale, il 9 aprile 1...

Cerro Macá

Mountain in Chile Cerro MacáHighest pointElevation2,300 m (7,500 ft)[1][2]Prominence2,066 m (6,778 ft)[2]ListingUltraCoordinates45°06′21″S 73°10′09″W / 45.10583°S 73.16917°W / -45.10583; -73.16917[2]GeographyCerro MacáLocation of Cerro Maca LocationChileParent rangeAndesGeologyMountain typeStratovolcanoLast eruption1560 ± 110 years[3] Cerro Macá is a stratovolcano located to the north of t...

 

 

Baila Conmigo (Jennifer Lopez song)

Not to be confused with Dance with Me (Jennifer Lopez song). 2019 single by Jennifer LopezBaila ConmigoSingle by Jennifer LopezLanguageSpanishEnglish titleDance with MeReleasedOctober 10, 2019 (2019-10-10)Genre Dance EDM Length2:43Label Nuyorican Sony Latin Songwriter(s) Jennifer Lopez Kelly Paola Ruiz Moncada Servando Primera Víctor Alonso Cárdenas Ospina David Sanchez Gonzalez Producer(s) David Sanchez aka Dayvi Luis Barrera Jr. Servando Primera Víctor Cárdenas Jennifer L...

 

 

Flawil

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une localité suisse. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Consultez la liste des tâches à accomplir en page de discussion. Flawil Armoiries Administration Pays Suisse Canton Saint-Gall Circonscription électorale Wil NPA 9230 No OFS 3402 Démographie Populationpermanente 10 446 hab. (31 décembre 2022) Densité 910 hab./km2 Langue Allemand...

共产党

本條目存在以下問題，請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目需要編修，以確保文法、用詞、语气、格式、標點等使用恰当。 (2015年7月23日)請按照校對指引，幫助编辑這個條目。（幫助、討論） 此條目內容疑欠准确，有待查證。 (2015年7月23日)請在讨论页討論問題所在及加以改善，若此條目仍有爭議及准确度欠佳，會被提出存廢討論。 此條目之中立性有�...

 

 

Faith World Tour

Questa voce sull'argomento tour musicali è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Faith World TourGeorge Michael in concerto nel 1988.Tour di George MichaelAlbumFaith Inizio Tokyo 19 febbraio 1988 Fine Barcellona 6 luglio 1989 Tappe4 Spettacoli137 Cronologia dei tour di George Michael Cover to Cover Tour(1990) Il Faith World Tour è la prima tournée da solista di George Michael, iniziata nel 1988 e conclusasi nel 1989, per promuovere l'album d...

 

 

Apology for Smectymnuus

This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Apology for Smectymnuus – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Apology for Smectymnuus, or An Apology for a Pamphlet, was published by John Milton in April 1642. It was the final of his antiprelatical tracts which criticize the structure of...

Achaean War

War in 146 BC between Rome and the Achaean League Achaean WarPart of the Macedonian warsThe last day of Corinth, Tony Robert-Fleury, 1870Date146 BCLocationMainland GreeceResult Roman victoryTerritorialchanges Roman annexation of mainland GreeceBelligerents Roman Republic Achaean LeagueCommanders and leaders Metellus MacedonicusLucius Mummius Achaicus CritolaosDiaeus vteAchaean War Scarpheia Corinth (146 BC) The Achaean War of 146 BC was fought between the Roman Republic and the Greek Achaean ...

 

 

Human Target (2010 TV series)

Television show filmed in Vancouver Human TargetGenre Action Drama Spy fiction Based onChristopher Chanceby Len WeinCarmine InfantinoDeveloped byJonathan E. SteinbergStarring Mark Valley Chi McBride Jackie Earle Haley Indira Varma Janet Montgomery Theme music composer Bear McCreary (season 1) Tim Jones (season 2) Opening themeTheme from Human TargetComposers Bear McCreary (season 1) Tim Jones (season 2) Country of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons2No. of episodes25Prod...

 

 

Lago di Alserio

Questa voce sull'argomento Provincia di Como è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Lago di AlserioStati Unione europea Italia Regioni Lombardia Province Como Coordinate45°47′11″N 9°13′00″E45°47′11″N, 9°13′00″E Altitudine262 m s.l.m. DimensioniSuperficie1,23 km² Profondità massima8,1 m IdrografiaBacino idrografico18,3 km² Emissari principalitributario del Lambro Modifica dati...

2002 Massachusetts elections

2002 Massachusetts general election ← 2000 November 5, 2002 2004 → Part of the2002 United States elections Elections in Massachusetts General 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 Federal government U.S. President 1788–89 1792 1796 1800 1804 1808 1812 1816 1820 1824 1828 1832 1836 1840 1844 1848 1852 1856 1860 1864 1868 1872 1876 1880 1884 1888 1892 189...

 

 

David Odonkor

David OdonkorOdonkor in riscaldamento con la divisa della GermaniaNazionalità Germania Altezza172 cm Peso74 kg Calcio Ruolocentrocampista Termine carriera22 settembre 2013 CarrieraGiovanili 1991-1995JSG Holsen-Ahle1995-1998Bünder SV1998-2001 Borussia Dortmund Squadre di club1 2001-2005 Borussia Dortmund II49 (7)2002-2006 Borussia Dortmund75 (2)2006-2011 Betis51 (2)2011-2012 Alemannia Aquisgrana23 (2)2012-2013 Hoverla14 (3) Nazionale 2004-2007 Germania U-21...

 

 

Space Delta 3

U.S. Space Force space electromagnetic warfare unit Space Delta 3DEL 3 emblemFounded1 January 1967; 57 years ago (1967-01-01)Country United StatesBranch United States Space ForceTypeDeltaRoleSpace electromagnetic warfareSize350 personnel[1]Part of Space Operations CommandHeadquartersPeterson Space Force Base, Colorado, U.S.Websitewww.peterson.spaceforce.mil/Units/Space-Delta-3/CommandersCommanderCol Nicole M. PetrucciDeputy CommanderLt Col John Kolb ...

The Weeknd

The Weeknd The Weeknd en 2021Información personalNombre de nacimiento Abel Makkonen TesfayeNacimiento 16 de febrero de 1990 (34 años) Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, CanadáNacionalidad CanadienseReligión Iglesia ortodoxa etíope Lengua materna Inglés y francés canadiense FamiliaPareja Bella Hadid (2015-2016)Selena Gomez (2017)Bella Hadid (2018-2019) EducaciónEducado en Birchmount Park Collegiate InstituteWest Hill Collegiate Institute Información profesionalOcupaci�...

 

 

John James Ingalls

John James Ingalls John James Ingalls, född 29 december 1833 i Middleton, Massachusetts, död 16 augusti 1900 i San Miguel County, New Mexico-territoriet, var en amerikansk republikansk politiker. Han representerade delstaten Kansas i USA:s senat 1873–1891. Ingalls utexaminerades 1855 från Williams College. Han studerade sedan juridik och inledde 1857 sin karriär som advokat. Han flyttade 1857 till Kansasterritoriet. Kansas blev 1861 USA:s 34:e delstat. Ingalls var sedan 1862 ledamot av ...