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Convoy Battles of World War II occurred when convoys of warships protected cargo ships assembled for mutual defense and were attacked by submarines, surface ships and/or aircraft. Most were in the North Atlantic from 1939 to 1943 and involved attacks by U-boat wolfpacks. Convoy battles also occurred in the Arctic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and western Pacific Ocean.

Battles

Convoy	Escort	Date Located^[1]	Warships	Bombers	U-boats^[1]	Ships Sunk^[1]	GRT lost^[1]
Convoy HX 65	—	24 August 1940^[2]	—	12^[3]	3^[4]	7^[4]	42,311^[4]
Convoy HX 72^[5]	—	20 September 1940	—	—	9	11	72,727
Convoy SC 7	—	16 October 1940	—	—	7	20	79,592
Convoy HX 79	—	19 October 1940	—	—	5	12	75,069
Convoy HX 84^[6]	HMS Jervis Bay	5 November 1940	Scheer	—	—	5	33,331
Convoy HX 90	—^[7]	1 December 1940	—	—	7	11	73,958
Convoy HG 53	—	8 February 1941^[8]	Hipper^[8]	5^[8]	1^[8]	9^[8]	15,218^[8]
Convoy SL 64	—^[8]	12 February 1941^[8]	Hipper^[8]	—	—	7^[8]	32,806^[8]
Convoy OB 293	—	7 March 1941	—	—	4	2	27,206
Convoy HX 112	5th EG^[9]	15 March 1941	—	—	5	5	34,505
Convoy SC 26		1 April 1941	—	—	8	10	51,969
Convoy OB 318	3rd EG^[10]	7 May 1941	—	—	4	9	50,985
Convoy HX 126	HMS Aurania^[11]	19 May 1941	—	—	11	9	51,862
Convoy OG 69	—	24 July 1941	—	—	8	7	11,303
Convoy OG 71	—	17 August 1941	—	—	8	10	15,185
Convoy SC 42	NEF 24th EG^[12]	9 September 1941	—	—	19	16	68,259
Convoy HG 73	—	19 September 1941	—	—	5	10	25,818
Operation Halberd	Force H^[13]	25 September 1941^[14]	2 × BB^[15]	62^[16]	11^[14]	1^[17]	12,427^[13]
Convoy SC 48	EG 4.1.15^[18]	15 October 1941	—	—	9	11	49,835
Convoy HG 76	36th EG^[19]	16 December 1941	—	—	10	4	18,383
Convoy NA 2	—	31 January 1942	—	—	4	1	1,190
ON 67	TU 4.1.5^[20]	21 February 1942^[20]	—^[20]	—^[20]	5^[20]	8^[20]	54,750^[21]
Second Battle of Sirte (Convoy MW 10)^[22]	—	21 March 1942	Littorio	9	3	2	17,031
Convoy PQ 13	—	28 March 1942	—	—	9	2	11,507
Convoy ON 92	A-3^[23]	11 May 1942	—	—	6	7	36,284
Convoy ON 100	C-1^[23]	8 June 1942	—	—	6	5	20,478
Operation Vigorous (Convoy MW 11)^[24]	—	12 June 1942	—	—	6	2	12,915
Operation Harpoon (Convoy GM 4)^[24]	Force X	14 June 1942	—	—	—	4	29,129
Convoy PQ 17^[25]	1st EG	1 July 1942	—	202 sorties^[26]	9	16	102,311
Convoy ON 115	C-3^[23]	29 July 1942	—	—	12	3	21,456
Convoy SC 94^[23]	C-1	5 August 1942	—	—	17	11	53,421
Operation Pedestal (Convoy WS.5.21.S)^[27]	—	10 August 1942	—	316	2	9	88,812
Convoy ON 122^[28]	B-6^[28]	22 August 1942	—	—	14	4	17,235
Convoy ON 127	C-4^[28]	9 September 1942	—	—	12	8	51,619
Convoy PQ 18	—	12 September 1942	—	77	5	3	19,689
Convoy SC 100^[28]	C-4	18 September 1942	—	—	17	5	26,331
Convoy QP 14	—	20 September 1942	—	—	7	6	23,474
Convoy RB 1^[29]	—	23 September 1942	—	—	9	3	11,525
Convoy SC 104^[28]	B-6	12 October 1942	—	—	17	8	43,970
Convoy HX 212^[28]	A-3	26 October 1942	—	—	13	6	51,918
Convoy SL 125	—	27 October 1942	—	—	10	12	80,005
Convoy SC 107^[28]	C-4	30 October 1942	—	—	16	15	82,817
Convoy ON 144^[28]	B-6	15 November 1942	—	—	13	6	26,321
Convoy ON 153	B-7^[28]	15 December 1942	—	—	13	4	19,551
Convoy JW 51B^[30]	—	24 December 1942	2 × Heavy cruiser	—	1	—	—^[31]
Convoy ONS 154^[28]	C-1	26 December 1942^[32]	0^[33]	—^[33]	16^[32]	14^[33]	66,922^[34]
Convoy TM 1	B-5^[30]	3 January 1943	—	—	14	7	56,453
Convoy SC 118^[28]	B-2	4 February 1943	—	—	20	11	59,765
Convoy ON 166^[28]	A-3	21 February 1943	—	—	19	14	88,001
Convoy UC 1^[35]	44th EG^[36]	22 February 1943	—	—	11	3	26,682
Battle of the Bismarck Sea (Convoy 81)^[37]	8 × DD	1 March 1943	10 × MTB	114	—	8	37,324
Convoy SC 121^[28]	A-3	6 March 1943	—	—	26	12	55,661
Convoy HX 228^[28]	B-3	10 March 1943	—	—	19	5	25,515
Convoy UGS 6^[38]		12 March 1943	—	—	17	4	28,018
Convoy HX 229^[28]	B-4	16 March 1943	—	—	43	13	93,502
Convoy SC 122^[28]	B-5	17 March 1943	—	—	43	9	53,094
Convoy RS 3		27 March 1943	—	—	7	3	15,389
Convoy HX 231^[28]	B-7	4 April 1943	—	—	11	6	41,494
Convoy ONS 5^[28]	B-7	28 April 1943	—	—	55	13	61,958
Convoy TS 37	—	30 April 1943	—	—	1	7	43,255
Convoy SC 130	—	18 May 1943	—	—	25	—	—
Convoy JW 55B^[39]	—	22 December 1943	Scharnhorst	—	2	—	—^[31]
Convoy JW 56A	—	25 January 1944	—	—	4	3	21,584^[40]
Convoy Hi-40^[41]	Shimushu^[42]	19 February 1944^[42]	—^[42]	—^[42]	2^[42]	5^[42]	28,075^[41]
Convoy Hi-71^[43]	6th EG	17 August 1944	—	—	6	5	73,071^[44]
Convoy Hi-81^[45]	8th EG	15 November 1944^[45]	—	1	6^[46]	3^[45]	36,100^[46]

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Famous Convoy Battles". uboat.net. Guðmundur Helgason. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, p. 36.
^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 32.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Convoy HX.65". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
^ Edwards 1999, p. 26.
^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 41.
^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 42–43.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 50.
^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 54.
^ Blair 1996, p. 278.
^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 62.
^ Milner 1985, p. 67.
^ ^a ^b Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 182.
^ ^a ^b Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 184.
^ Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 187.
^ Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 185.
^ Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 191.
^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 90.
^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 108.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Abbazia 1975, p. 50.
^ "Convoy ON.67". Arnold Hague convoy database. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
^ Greene & Massignani 1998, pp. 216–222.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Milner 1985, p. 286.
^ ^a ^b Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 145–146.
^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, pp. 175–176.
^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, p. 176.
^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, pp. 183, 186–187.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Milner 1985, pp. 148–150.
^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 164–165.
^ ^a ^b Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 184.
^ ^a ^b Hague 2000a, p. 189.
^ ^a ^b Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 183.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Convoy ONS 154". J. Gordon Mumford. Archived from the original on 11 January 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
^ Hague 2000a, p. 161.
^ Blair 1998, pp. 811–812.
^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 195.
^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 197–198.
^ Hague 2000, p. 181.
^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 250.
^ Hague 2000a, p. 189; Woodman 2004, p. 379.
^ ^a ^b "Hisendan". Nifty.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Cressman 2000, pp. 213–214.
^ Blair 1975, pp. 676–678.
^ Blair 1975, pp. 702–704.
^ ^a ^b ^c Cressman 2000, pp. 274–275.
^ ^a ^b Blair 1975, pp. 748–749.

References

Abbazia, Patrick (1975). "When the Good Shepherds Were Blind". United States Naval Institute Proceedings. United States Naval Institute. ISSN 0041-798X.
Blair, Clay (1975). Silent Victory: The U.S. Submarine War against Japan. New York: J. B. Lippincott. ISBN 978-0-397-00753-0.
Blair, Clay (1996). Hitler's U-boat War:The Hunters 1939–1942. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-58839-8.
Blair, Clay (1998). Hitler's U-boat War:The Hunted 1942–1945. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-45742-9.
Cressman, Robert J. (2000). The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-149-1.
Edwards, Bernard (1999). Donitz and the Wolf Packs. Brockhampton Press. ISBN 1-86019-927-5 – via Archive Foundation.
Greene, Jack; Massignani, Alessandro (1998). The Naval War in the Mediterranean 1940–1943. London: Chatham. ISBN 1-885119-61-5.
Hague, Arnold (2000). The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-019-3.
Hague, A. (2000a). The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945: Its Organization, Defence and Operation. London: Chatham. ISBN 1-86176-147-3.
Milner, Marc (1985). North Atlantic Run. Naval Institute Press. p. 67. ISBN 0-87021-450-0.
Rohwer, J.; Hümmelchen, G. (1992). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-105-X.
Rohwer, Jürgen; Hümmelchen, Gerhard (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (3rd rev. ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
Woodman, Richard (2004) [1994]. Arctic Convoys 1941–1945. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-0-7195-5752-1.

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Convoy battles of World War II

Battles

Notes

References

Further reading